2021-2022学年新教材高中英语课时练习十Unit4StartingoutUnderstandingideas含解析外研版选择性必修第二册

Unit4Startingout&UnderstandingideasⅠ.单句语法填空1.(2019·北京高考)Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration,Wilsonistheretoassist(assist)them.

2.(2017·江苏高考)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofwhosepurposesistorelieve(relieve)worldwidestarvation.

3.Butwithsomeworkanddevotion(devote),you’llmakeprogress.

4.Thesespecialist(special)doctorsusuallyworkinhospitalsandareknownas“consultants”.

5.Measlesisoneofthemostinfectious(infect)diseasesknown.

6.Butwhatisvitally(vital)importantisthatthemoneyisspentwellandhonestly.

7.Hesaidtherewasnosilverbulletfortackling(tackle)climatechange.

8.Wereceivedyourclaimforcompensation(compensate)forthedelayofshipment.9.Oursisessentiallyatragicage,sowerefusetotakeittragically(tragical).10.TheJinggangmountainsstandwheretheboundaries(boundary)offourcountiesmeet.Ⅱ.选词填空takeanychances,regardlessof,compensatefor,involvedin,stepintoone’sshoes,getcaughtupin,devoteone’slifeto,bevitalfor,atrisk,againstallodds1.Theriverransofastthatwecouldn’ttakeanychancestocrossit.

2.Awoodenlegcancompensateforaphysicaldisability.

3.Myfatherrunsafactory.Ihavegrownupandhewantsmetostepintohisshoes.

4.Herhusbanddiedatanearlyage,butshehasdevotedherlifetobringingupfourchildren.

5.Itisknownthattechnologyisvitalforagriculturaldevelopment.

6.Youngmenfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclock.

7.Sheavoidedgettingcaughtupincompetitionwithotherfamiliesbecauseshewantedtoliveapeacefullife.

8.Regardlessofhisparents’opposition,heinsistedonvolunteeringtoteachinaremoteplace.

9.Idon’twanttogetinvolvedintheargumentaboutwhoistoblame.

10.Weareprovingwecandoitagainstallodds.

Ⅲ.完成句子1.We’retoobusytotakealongholidaythisyear,nottomentionthefactthatwecan’taffordit.

今年我们太忙了,不能休长假,更不用说我们还负担不起(这笔钱了)。2.Myteacherdidwhathecouldtomakehisclasslively.

我的老师尽他所能使他的课生动活泼。3.Onecouldheareverysubjectunderthesunbeinghotlydiscussed.

你们可以听到人们天南海北什么都谈得很热烈。4.Notonlydidhemakeapromise,butalsohekeptit.

他不仅做出了许诺,而且履行了诺言。5.It’sveryimportantforstudentstolistentoteacherscarefullyinclass.

对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型,根据提示写一篇80词左右的短文1.一天,山林里发生了火灾。2.消防队员到达现场时,火势正猛。3.在当地政府的帮助下,消防队员很快扑灭了大火。但是一名消防员受伤了。4.他被带到了最近的诊所,马上请来了专家。5.时间对他来说太重要了。6.医生和专家合作挽救了他的生命。Oneday,afireoutbreakhappenedinthemountainforest.Thefirewasragingwhenthefiremenarrivedonthescene.Assistedbythelocalgovernment,firefighterssoontackledthefire.Butoneofthefiremenwasinjured.Hewastakentothenearestclinicandspecialistswerecalledinimmediately.Timeistoovitaltohim.Doctorsandexpertscollaboratedtogethertosavehislife.

Ⅰ.阅读理解AAmberhasadegreeinbusinessmanagementandeconomics.SheputherskillstogoodusewhenshespentelevenmonthsinCambodia(柬埔寨)throughWorldHopeInternationalasavolunteerworkingwithalocalmicro-finance(小额信贷)companytohelpthepoorgetfinancialservices.Amber’sfirstfewweeksinCambodiawerebusyanddifficultasshetriedtolearnthelanguage,understandthecultureandgetusedtohernewsurroundings.Hervolunteerserviceinvolvedworkingwithalocalmicro-financecompany.Inadditiontowritingplans,preparinginternationalmarketingmaterialsandbuildingdonor(捐赠人)relations,Ambermetwithcompanyclients.Duringthesevisitsshelearnedhowthesmallloanstheyreceivedtransformedtheirlives.Shelearnedfirst-handthebenefitsofmicro-finance,whichbyprovidingfarmersandsmall-businessownerswithaffordableworkingcapital(suchasmoneytobuyasewingmachine)helpedthemtoearntheirwayoutofpoverty(贫穷).“Itneverstoppedamazingmewhenaclientwouldshowmeanewhomethatwasbuiltbecauseofaloanhereceivedorthewayaclient’sbusinesshadimprovedandthusallowedhischildrentobesenttoschool,”Ambersaid.AmberrecalledthatoneclientcalledPaulwalkedherallaroundhishouse,pointingtowhathehaddonewitheachofeightloanshe’dreceived.Heexplainedhoweveryloanhadimprovedhisfamily’squalityoflife.Ambersaidhewasoneofthehardest-workingmenshehadevermet.HehadsufferedgreatlyintheCambodianCivilWarandbecamedisabled,butnotoncedidheletitkillhisdreamsofrealizingabetterlifeforhisfamily.Hislatestpurchase,asoundsystemthatherentedoutforweddingsandotherpartiesdoubledhisincome!Ambersaid,“LivingandworkinginCambodiahelpedmeseetheworldinnewwaysandmademeawareofthehardshipandsufferingthatmanypeoplearoundtheworldfaceeveryday.Thoseelevenmonthsweresomeofthemostmeaningfulmonthsofmylife.”【文章大意】Amber作为志愿者在柬埔寨生活、工作了十一个月,并通过帮助当地人摆脱贫穷,对世界有了新的看法。1.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.WorldHopeInternationalB.BenefitsofMicro-financeC.Amber’sVolunteerExperienceinCambodiaD.PovertyinDevelopingCountries【解析】选C。标题归纳题。通读全文,本文主要介绍了Amber在柬埔寨的志愿者经历。2.Amber’svolunteerworkinCambodiaincludedallofthefollowingthingsEXCEPT______.

A.teachingthelanguageB.meetingwithcompanyclientsC.writingplansD.buildingdonorrelations【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段的“Ipanyclients.”可知,文章没有提到Amber教当地人语言。事实是她本人需要克服困难学习语言,因此A项不符合文意,故选A。3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

A.AmbermetwithnodifficultiesaftershearrivedinCambodiaB.AmberistheleaderofWorldHopeInternationalC.fewchildrengotoschoolbecausetherearen’tenoughschoolsinCambodiaD.manylocalpeopleinCambodiachangedtheirliveswiththeloans【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段的“howthesmallloanstheyreceivedtransformedtheirlives”和第三段内容可知,小额信贷项目让很多人受益,改变了他们的生活。4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutPaulisTRUE?A.Eachoftheloanshehadreceivedhelpedhimalot.B.Hewaspoorbecausehedidn’tworkashardasothers.C.Hebecamedisabledbecauseofacaraccident.D.Heboughtasoundsystemforhiswedding.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段的“everyloanhadimprovedhisfamily’squalityoflife”可知,每笔小额信贷都帮助他改善了他家人的生活。B(2021·黄山高二检测)Initsbesttimesonthenineteenthcentury,thatch(茅草屋顶)playedanimportantroleinprotectingBritishhomesfromtheweather.Butnewtechnologiessincehaveledtoarapiddeclineinthatchingandmanyofthethatchedcottagesthatremainhavebeenchangedbeyondallrecognitionbydevelopersorhaverunintodisrepair,aratherupsettingreminderofabygoneage.AWelshcompany,however,istryingtobreathenewlifeintosomeofthelasttraditionalthatchedcottagesinwesternWalesbyrepairingthemandlettingthemoutasholidayhomes.Called“UndertheThatch”,thecompanyisrunbyGregStevenson,wholivesinhisownthatchedcottageinCeredigion.Anarchitecturalhistorianbytraining,herepairsoldbuildingsinold-fashionedways.AllthecottagesareinattractivelocationsaroundsouthwestWales.Unlikemostholidayhomes,thecottagesareletallyearround—chieflybecauseGregpricesthemlowerthanmanyholidayproperties(房屋)andhe’dpreferthatpropertiesarerentedjustabovecostpricethannotusedatall.Andwiththatcomesabargainortwo:it’scommonforapropertytogoforaslittleas￡35anight.Consequentlyoccupancyforpropertieswith“UndertheThatch”isat95percent(theaverageinWalesis35percent).ItssuccesshasmeantthatGreghasbeenabletobuyupmoreoldcottagesandbringthembackintothecommunity.Greghasalsodiversifiedfromofferingonlythatchedcottages:henowletsoutavarietyofrareaccommodationsdottedaroundwesternstyles,includingarenovated(修复的)traincarriageandtwogypsycaravanswhichwereusedbyRomanies.Mostofhisthirtypropertiesarerunusingenvironmentallyfriendlytechnologies—includingsolarpanelsandrecycledfurnishings.Butmostimportantly,whatthecottagesallhaveincommonisthattheybringbacklifetolocalcommunities.Spendaweekend“UndertheThatch”ratherthaninaholidayhome,buylocalfoodandvisitnearbyrestaurants,andyouwillbecontributingtothelocaleconomy.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。在英国历史上曾经发挥过积极作用的茅草屋,被人们遗忘且数量上迅速减少,不过最近威尔士的一家公司正试图给威尔士西部最后的一些传统茅草屋注入新的活力,这家公司把这些茅草屋变成了复古的度假屋,并取得了成功。5.HowdoestheauthorsoundwhentalkingaboutthatchedcottagesinParagraph1?A.Excited.B.Afraid.C.Sorry.D.Humorous.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段中最后一句话可知,许多保留下来的茅草屋要么被开发商改造得面目全非,要么年久失修,这让人难过地想起了一个逝去的时代。所以可以判断出,作者在第一段中谈到茅草屋时听起来有些难过。故选C。6.Whatisthemainreasonforthesuccessof“UndertheThatch”?A.Theproperties’lowprices.B.Thecompany’sexcellentservices.C.Thecompany’screativedesigners.D.Theproperties’beautifullocations.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unlikemostholidayhomes,thecottagesareletallyearround...”可知,与大多数度假屋不同的是这些小屋全年出租,主要是因为Greg把它们的价格控制得比许多度假屋要低。所以“UndertheThatch”成功的主要原因是房价很低。故选A。7.Besidethatchedcottages,whatdoesGreg’scompanyprovide?A.Designingplansformoderncottages.B.Otheruncommonstylesofholidayhomes.C.Environmentallyfriendlytechnologies.D.Adviceondevelopingthelocaleconomy.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,Greg的公司现在推出了各种罕见的西方风格的住所,包括翻新后的火车车厢和两个吉卜赛人使用的吉卜赛大篷车。所以除了茅草屋,Greg的公司还提供其他不寻常风格的度假屋。故选B。8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BuyupTraditionalThatchedCottages.B.ProtectBritishHomesfromtheWeather.C.SpendaWeekendUndertheThatch.D.BringPropertiesBackintotheCommunity.【解析】选C。标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知,作者建议游客周末“在茅草屋下”度过,而不是在度假屋度过。所以短文的最佳标题为“在茅草屋下度周末”。故选C。【阅读多维训练】在句子“AWelshcompany,however,istryingtobreathenewlifeintosomeofthelasttraditionalthatchedcottagesinwesternWalesbyrepairingthemandlettingthemoutasholidayhomes.”中,breathe一词在这里是什么意思?breathe本意是“呼吸”,在这里是“注入”的意思。Ⅱ.阅读填句(2021·池州高二检测)Therearelotsofskiingloversaroundtheworld.Togetthemostoutofyourtimeonthemountainyoushouldthinkthrougheachpartofyouradventure-equipment,clothing,food,andtravel.1,themoretimeyoucanspendontheslopes.

EquipmentYourskiingequipment—composedofyourskis,poles,bindings,helmet,andgoggles—shouldbecheckedover,andpossiblytunedupbeforeyoupackyourbagsforthemountain.2.Inspectyourbootstomakesuretheyfitproperly.Checkyourgogglesandputthemonwithyourhelmettoseethattheyfitcomfortablyandofferawidefieldofview.

ClothingYourjacketandsnowpantsshouldbeproperlyfittingandrecentlycleaned.Makesureyourglovesareingoodshapeandofferasenseofcomfort.3.Don’tforgetextraitemslikewarmsocks,neckwarmersandskimasksaswell.

FoodAnyonewhohaseverpurchasedlunchattheskilodgeknowsjusthowexpensiveitcanbe.Packingyourownlunchsavesyoumoneyandgetsyoubackontheslopesfaster.4,bringplentyoffluidstodrinkonbreaksbetweenruns.

5

Knowyourwaytothemountainbeforeyouhittheroadandconsiderwritingdowndirectionsifyouknowyou’reheadingintoareaswithspottyservice.Atthemountain,chooseadesignatedmeetingplaceincasethegroupbecomesseparated—aspotnearthemainliftoftenworkswell.Checktheforecastandcurrentconditionsofthemountain.Manyskiresortswillhaveliveupdatesonthenumberofopentrailsandlifts.A.RoutesandplanningB.SpotsandconditionsC.IfyouarefullypreparedD.ThemorepreparedyouareE.Whilebringingabottleofwaterwithyouonthemountainisn’trecommendedF.Besides,longunderweargoesalongwayinkeepingyourlegswarmandcomfortableG.Ifyouaretakingyourskisontotheslopefortheveryfirsttime,theymayalsoneedafreshwax【文章大意】本文为说明文,主要介绍了滑雪时应做的一些准备。1.【解析】选D。前句介绍滑雪出行前的准备,该空后提到的是有个好的准备的结果,故本空也应该与准备相关,而“themore...,themore...”句式也为判断答案的依据之一。故选D。2.【解析】选G。本段介绍滑雪装备。根据常识可知,设备使用前需打蜡,分析选项可知G项中的“alsoneed”与上文“Yourskiingequipment—composedofyourskis,poles,bindings,helmet,andgoggles—shouldbecheckedover”相呼应,故选G。3.【解析】选F。从小标题可知本段介绍的是“Clothing(衣物)”。分析选项可知F项中“longunderweargoesalongwayinkeepingyourlegswarmandcomfortable”中的“longunderwear”就是属于衣服,这是提示字眼。故选F。4.【解析】选E。本段介绍的是“Food”,是对吃喝的准备。分析选项可知E项“不建议你带着一瓶水上山”符合段意,且与后文相呼应,故选E。5.【解析】选A。本题考查段落小标题。分析最后一段的内容“Knowyourwayto...downdirectionsifyouknowyou’reheadingintoareaswithspottyservice.Atthemountain,chooseadesignatedmeeting...”可知,本段叙述的是路线及计划。故选A。Ⅲ.完形填空WhenIwasakid,myparentssentmetoasummercampinNewHampshire.Themostmemorable1wasanovernighttripofmountainclimbing.Ifyou’veever2amountain,youknowit’saphysicalchallenge,3whenyou’recarryingyourfoodandshelteronyourback.Whencampersgot4,theycertainlystartedcomplaining.

“Howmuchfartherisit?”“Ican’tgoanyfurther.”“My5istooheavy.Canyoucarryitforme?”

Thereplyofthe6was,“Suckitup”.Thetruthisthatthecomplainingcamperswere7nearthepointof8.Iftheyhadbeen,theteacherswouldhavenoticedthe9andgiventhemcare.Thekidssimplyweren’tusedtothephysicalchallenge.Oncetheyrealizedtheyweren’tgettinganysympathy,they10thediscomfort,andinmostcases11havingagreattime.

Noonelikesacomplainer.They’re12andtheyhurtthegroup.Complainingmakeslife13foreveryone.Instead,ifyoudeterminetomasteryourown14,tomovepastitandfocusona15,it’smyexperiencethatyou’llrealizeitwasn’tbadinthefirstplace.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”小时候参加了一个夏令营,期间和其他人一起参加夜晚登山露营活动。登山过程中,有人会抱怨走不动了;但是后来“我”发现,如果我们停止抱怨,坚持下去,我们的道路并没有那么难走。1.A.experience B.behaviour C.occasion D.situation【解析】选A。根据该句中的“anovernighttripofmountainclimbing”可知,此处表示这是最难以忘怀的一次经历(experience)。behaviour行为;occasion场合;situation情形。2.A.seen B.reachedC.climbed D.described【解析】选C。根据上文中的“mountainclimbing”可知,此处表示“爬”(climb)山。see看到;reach到达;describe描述。3.A.especially B.normallyC.obviously D.naturally【解析】选A。根据语境可知,爬山是一种身体上的挑战,尤其(especially)是当你背着食物和露营装备的时候。normally正常地;obviously明显地;naturally自然地。4.A.ashamed B.tiredC.puzzled D.shocked【解析】选B。根据语境并结合常识可知,当露营者累了(tired)的时候,他们开始抱怨。ashamed羞愧的;puzzled困惑的;shocked震惊的。5.A.food B.waterC.shelter D.backpack【解析】选D。根据第一段中的“whenyou’recarryingyourfoodandshelteronyourback”可知,此处表示有人抱怨自己的背包(backpack)太重。food食物;water水;shelter遮蔽物。6.A.parents B.teachers C.guides D.partners【解析】选B。根据下文中的“theteacherswouldhavenoticed...care”可知,此处表示“老师们(teachers)的回答”。parents父母;guides导游;partners搭档。7.A.somewhere B.anywhereC.nowhere D.everywhere【解析】选C。根据语境并结合常识可知,事实是,抱怨的露营者远没有(nowhere)筋疲力尽(exhaustion),nowherenear意为“远没有”。8.A.camp B.exhaustionC.mountain D.destination【解析】选B。事实是,抱怨的露营者远没有筋疲力尽(exhaustion)。camp野营;mountain山;destination目的地。9.A.signs B.activities C.gestures D.scenes【解析】选A。根据语境可知,如果有人筋疲力尽的话,老师们会注意到这种迹象(signs),并且给予他们照顾。activities活动;gestures姿态;scenes场面。10.A.shared B.understoodC.suffered D.overcame【解析】选D。根据语境可知,抱怨的人一旦意识到他们得不到同情,他们会克服(overcame)不适。shared分享;understood理解;suffered遭受。11.A.couldn’thelp B.endedupC.insistedon D.gaveup【解析】选B。并且大多数情况下,最终(endedup)玩得很开心。couldn’thelp禁不住;insistedon坚持;gaveup放弃。12.A.amazing B.shockingC.worrying D.annoying【解析】选D。根据该句中的“theyhurtthegroup”可知,抱怨的人让人讨厌(annoying)。amazing惊人的;shocking令人震惊的;worrying令人担忧的。13.A.poorer B.harder C.easier D.better【解析】选B。根据语境并结合常识可推知,抱怨让每个人的生活更加艰难(harder)。14.A.life B.mindC.suffering D.mistake【解析】选C。根据语境可知,相反,据“我”的经验看,如果你决心去掌控你的痛苦(suffering)。life生活;mind思想;mistake错误。15.A.trip B.plan C.solution D.dream【解析】选C。根据句意“据我的经验看,越过它并集中注意力于解决方法,那么一开始你就会意识到它并不是那么糟糕”可知此处为solution(解决方法)。trip旅行;plan计划;dream梦想。【备选语篇】阅读理解(2021·广州高二检测)Closeyoureyesforaminuteandimaginewhatlifewouldbelikeifyouhadahundreddollarsless.Alsoimaginewhatitwouldbelikespendingtherestofyourlifewithyoureyesclosed.Imaginehavingtoreadthispage,notwithyoureyesbutwithyourfinger-tips.Withexistingmedicalknowledgeandskills,two-thirdsoftheworld’s42millionblindshouldnothavetosuffer.Unfortunately,richcountriespossessmostofthisknowledge,whiledevelopingcountriesdonot.ORBISisaninternationalnon-profitorganizationwhichoperatestheworld’sonlyflyingteachingeyehospital.ORBISintendstohelpfightblindnessworldwide.InsideaDC-8aircraft,thereisafully-equippedteachinghospitalwithtelevisionstudioandclassroom.Doctorsaretaughtthelatesttechniquesofbringingsightbacktopeoplethere.ProjectORBISalsoaimsatpromotingpeacefulcooperation(合作)amongcountries.ORBIStriestohelpdevelopingcountriesbyprovidingtrainingduringthree-weekmedicalprograms.ORBIShastaughtsight-savingtechniquestoover35,000doctorsandnurses,whocontinuetocuretensofthousandsofblindpeopleeveryyear.ORBIShasconducted17planeprogramsinChinasofar.FortheseventotenmillionblindinChina,ORBISisplanningtodomoreforthem.AtthemomentanORBISisworkingonalong-termplantodevelopatrainingcenterandtoprovideeyecarese