卫星通信的信道测量和建模

卫星通信信道的建模和测量_、通信卫星分类卫星可以分类的方式有很多种，这里只列出常见的分类。1.1轨位卫星可以根据轨道的高度分为以下几种。其中，近地轨道卫星(Landmobilesatellite-LMS)为当前研究的热点。因为在高轨位上，卫星信道更加趋近于高斯信道。而在低轨位工作的卫星，由于其运动性，会存在遮挡、时变、多径效应和多普勒效应。LEO(lowearthorbit):160~2000kmMEO(mediumearthorbit):2000~36000kmHEO(highearthorbit):>36000kmGEO(geostationaryorbit):36000km1.2频段按照卫星工作的频段，一般可以分为以下几类。其中，在卫星信道测量上，要特别考虑高频段所带来的阴影衰落，以及天气状况。工作在ka波段的卫星，雨衰严重。L-band:0.3~3GS-band:2-4GC-band:4~8GX-band:8~12GKu-band:12~18GKa-band:27~40G1.3服务区域根据卫星服务的区域不同，又可以把卫星分为以下几类。如果卫星服务的区域在城区，则遮挡会更加严重。而在空旷的郊区，则遮挡会相应变少。另外，最近有些工作是测量热带区域的卫星信道，主要是因为热带区域天气多变，因此，有必要单独考虑。RuralSuburbanUrbanTropicalarea1.4极化方式根据卫星的极化方式不同，又可以把卫星分为多极化和双极化卫星。Single-polarizedDual-polarized目前，大部分信道建模或者测量都是选择其中的一个子集，作为研究对象。比如，研究近地轨道卫星在Ka波段下城区的信道的测量和建模。就调研的结果来看，现在大部分文献都集中在低轨卫星条件下，研究卫星信道的测量和建模。主要是由于低轨卫星高度低，卫星运动速度快，当最小通信仰角为10°，卫星轨道高度为1300km时，用户看到卫星升起到卫星落下的持续时间在10分钟左右。因此在用户的一次呼叫过程中用户与卫星之间的仰角变化很快且变化范围大。因而，在研究信道模型时，必须研究通信全仰角下的信道模型。多数研究都是假设在大部分时间内卫星和移动台之间存在直射分量;由于建筑物和树木等物体的遮蔽，存在阴影效应；由于信号的反射、散射和绕射造成的多径交攵应；由于卫星和移动台间的相对运动形成的多普勒效应。所以，移动卫星通信信道的特点可以归纳为：时变、多径效应、阴影效应和多普勒效应。在卫星信道建模和测量中，比较有代表性的研究是C.Loo[1]和Lutz[2]等人的工作。Loo模型假设信道由直射分量和散射分量组成。其中直射分量(LOScomponent)服从log-normal分布，而多径分量服从瑞利分布。Lutz通过对信道处在不同状态的概率的研究，提出了基于markov链的信道模型。大部分论文都是针对不同的卫星、不同的地理环境，通过测量或者改进他人的信道模型，得到不同的有针对性的卫星信道模型。比如，很多论文都是应用C.Loo的基本模型，但是采用其他概率分布来满足不同场景下的信道特性。或者，通过状态细分，扩展Lutz模型，建立更加准确的反映实际卫星信道的模型。2.0综述类文献Karaliopoulos,M.S.andF.-N.Pavlidou(1999)."Modellingthelandmobilesatellitechannel:areview."Electronics&CommunicationEngineeringJournal235-248.Loo,C.andJ.S.Butterworth(1998)."Landmobilesatellitechannelmeasurementsandmodeling."ProceedingsoftheTEE16:1442-1463.Lutz,E.(2012)."ModellingoftheSatelliteCommunicationsChaliitflEmphasisontheLandMobileSatelliteChannel."TnvitedLecture.2.1卫星信道测量和建模的有关文献StatisticalModelAbdi,A.,etal.(2003)."Anewsimplemodelforlandmobilesatellitechannels:first-andsecond-orderstatistics."TEEETransactionsonWirelessCommunicatiior519-528.Cheffena,M.,etal.(2012)."LandMobileSatelliteDualPolarizedMTMOChannelAlongRoadsideTrees:ModelingandPerformanceEvaluation."TEEETransactionsonAntennasandPropagation60:597-605.Corazza,G.E.,etal.ARice-lognormalterrestrialandsatellitechannelmodel._ceedingsof19943rdTEEEInternationalConferenceonUniversalPersonalCommunications,IEEE-159.Corazza,G.E.andF.Vatalaro(1994)."Astatisticalmodelforlandmobilesatellitechannelsanditsapplicationtonongeostationaryorbitsystems."IEEETransactionsonVehicularTechnology43:738-742.ChannelcharacteristicsanalysisofthedualcircularpolarizedlandmobilesatelliteMIMOradiochannel.2011IEEE-APSTopicalConferenceonAntennasandPropagationinWirelessCommunications,IEEE:781-784.Fontan,F.P.(2010)."Channelmodelingforlandmobilesatelliteservices."AntennasandPropagation(EuCAP),2010ProceedingsoftheFourthEuropeanConferenceon:1-5.Hazra,S.andA.Mitra(2012)."Additivestatisticalmodellingoflandmobilesatellitechannelsinthree-dimensionalscatteringenvironment."IETCommunicat6on2361-2370.Kanellopoulos,S.A.,etal.(2014)."ChannelModelforSatelliteCommunicationLinksAbove10GHzBasedonWeibullDistribution."IEEECommunicationsLett18s568-571.Li,W.,etal.(2001)."Ka-bandlandmobilesatellitechannelmodelincorporatingweathereffects."IEEECommunicationsLetters194-196.Li,W.,etal.Ka-bandlandmobilesatellitechannelmodel:withrainattenuationandotherweatherimpairmentsinequatorialzone._VTC2000-Spring._ularTechnologyConferenceProceedings(Cat.No.00CH37026),IEEE.3:2468-2472.Li,X.andS.WuAgeneralizedmodelformobilesatellitechannelsandperformanceanalysis.InternationalConferenceonCommunicationTechnologyProceedings,2003._03.,BeijingUniv.Posts&Telecommun.Pres2:1070-1073.Li,Y.,etal.(2007).Onthesecond-orderstatisticsofanewfadingmodelforlandmobilesatellitechannels._IETConferenceonWireless,MobileandSensorNetworks2007(CCWMSN07),IEE.2007:12-15.Liolis,K.P.,etal.(2007).OntheRelationbetweenMobilityandRainfallEffectsinKu/Ka-bandLine-of-SightLandMobileSatelliteChannels:AnAnalyticalStatisticalApproach.2007InternationalWorkshoponSatelliteandSpaceCommunications,IEE-30.Liolis,K.P.,etal.(2010)."StatisticalModelingofDual-PolarizedMIMOLandMobileSatelliteChannels."IEEETransactionsonCommiinications58:3077-3083.Loo,C.(1985)."Astatisticalmodelforalandmobilesatellitelink."IEEETransactionsonVehicularTechnology34:122-127.Lutz,E.(2012)."ModellingoftheSatelliteCommunicationsChaWiitilEmphasisontheLandMobileSatelliteChannel.Lutz,E.(2013).Modellingofthelandmobilesatellitecommunicationschannel._013IEEE-APSTopicalConferenceonAntennasandPropagationinWirelessCommunications(APWC),IEEE:199-202.Lutz,E.,etal.(1991)."Thelandmobilesatellitecommunicationchannel-recording,statistics,andchannelmodel."IEEETransactionsonVehicularTechnology375-386.Patzold,M.,etal.(1998)."AstudyofalandmobilesatellitechannelmodelwithasymmetricalDopplerpowerspectrumandlognormallydistributedline-of-sightcomponent."IEEETransactionsonVehicularTechnology?:297-310.Scalise,S.,etal.AComparisonoftheStatisticalPropertiesoftheLandMobileSatelliteChannelatKu,KaandEHFBands.2005IEEE61stVehicularTechnologyConference,IEEE.4:2687-2691.Seyedi,Y.,etal.(2013)."UseofShadowingMomentstoStatisti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