第五章立体化学

Chapter5IntroductionofStereochemistry§5.1Introduction§5.2Configuration&MoleculeswithOneAsymmetricCarbonAtom§5.3MoleculeswithTwoAsymmetricCarbonAtoms§5.4MoleculeswithMoreThanTwoAsymmetricCarbonAtom§5.5CyclicCompounds§5.6OtherChiralCompounds§5.7ResolutionofRacemicCompoundsPlane-polarizedLight§5.1IntroductionOpticalActiveSubstanceThePolarimeterSpecificRotation1848LouisPasteurnotsuperposable判据：实物与镜像不能重合分子具有手性充分且必要不对称碳SymmetryElements对称轴Cn对称面

对称中心i?判断方法：既没有对称面又没有对称中心分子具有手性§5.2Configuration&MoleculeswithOneAsymmetricCarbonAtom5.2.1R/SSystem&FischerProjectionFormulas(A)D/LSystemL－乳酸D－乳酸L－系列D－系列基准衍生化(B)R/SSystem大/小？(C)FischerProjectionFormulasHCH3逆时针S构型（最小基团于竖键上）逆时针R构型（最小基团于横键上）规定：1）不可在纸面上翻转1800

翻转1800相当于基团交换一次2）可以在纸面上旋转1800旋转1800相当于基团交换两次5.2.1MoleculeswithOneAsymmetricCarbonAtom对映异构体对映异构体的性质外消旋体外消旋化§5.3MoleculeswithTwoAsymmetricCarbonAtoms非对映异构体5.3.1MoleculeswithTwoSameAsymmetricCarbonAtoms重叠式！！！5.3.2Conformation&OpticalActivity5.3.1MoleculeswithTwoDifferentAsymmetricCarbonAtoms§5.4MoleculeswithMoreThanTwoAsymmetricCarbonAtoms差向异构体假不对称碳含几个不对称碳？假不对称碳标记：r/s规定：相同基团，R构型优先HOH§5.5CyclicCompounds5.5.1Cyclopropane,Cyclobutane&Cyclopentane5.5.2CyclohexaneCis-1,2-Trans-1,2-Cis-1,3-Trans-1,3-Cis-1,4-Trans-1,4-§5.6OtherChiralCompounds5.6.1Allene

如果任何一端或两端的碳原子上连有相同的取代基,则该分子无手性:反之,则有手性:5.6.2Diphenyl5.6.3SpiroCompounds5.6.4CompoundswithStereoCentersotherthanCarbon§5.7ResolutionofRacemicCompoundsKEYDiastereome