2022-2023年甘肃省金昌市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)

2022-2023年甘肃省金昌市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoingwhenwecan'tendureajob?

A.Changingtoanewinstitute.

B.Askingseniorcolleaguesforhelp.

C.Foundingasoundsocialnetwork.

D.Focusingmoreonpositiveoutcomes.

2.AccordingtoanewTIMEpoll,whatmaybeoneofthereasonsthatAmericansprefertobuyorganicfoodantenergy-efficientlightbulbs?

A.Theseproductsarecheaperandmorepersuasive.

B.Theyareabidingbyakindofnewcontract.

C.Themanufactureroftheproductsurgesthemtobuy.

D.Buyingsuchproductshasbecomeavogue.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,ifonechoosestotravelwithfewerpossessions,he______.

A.islikelytoenjoyhimselfmore

B.willbeabletotravelmuchcheaper

C.tendstobuyhomemorelocalspecialtyproducts

D.willprobablymakewiserpurchaseontheroad

4.Ms.Wilenskydoesn'tthinkthereisrelationshipbetweenplagiarismand______.

5.SuggestionsforYourWork

Annieisalongtimesecretary/receptionistfortwoseniorvicepresidentsatabigcompany.Theyhavebeendoingalotofhiringlately,andalmostallofthenewmiddle-managementpersonnelhavebeeninterviewedbyoneortheotherofAnnie'stwobosses,sonaturallytheycomethroughherofficefirst.

Someofthesepeopleareunbelievablyrude.EithertheytreatAnnielikeapieceoffurniture(nohello,noeyecontact)ortheythinksheistheirerrand(差使)girl.Lately,Annie'stwobosseshavestartedaskingherforherimpressionsofjobcandidates.Sofarthisweek,twohavebeendiscourteous(失礼的)anddismissive,soAltairgaveboththethumbs-down.Neitherisgettingcalledbackforthenextroundofinterviews.

Nooneknowshowcommonthisis,butifyouarejobhunting,it'snecessarytobeawarethatthedummyatthereceptiondeskmaybeanythingbutnot"justasecretary".

SuggestionstoJobHunters

AccordingtoAnnieStevensandGregGostanian,twopartnersataBoston-basedexecutivecoachingfirmcalledClearRock,it'snotunusualthesedaysforahiringmanagertoaskeveryonewhomeetsapotentialnewhiretogiveanopinionofhimorher."Oneofthebiggestreasonssomanynewlyrecruitedmanagersfailinanewjobistheirinabilitytofitinandgetalongwiththepeoplewhoarealreadythere,"saysStevens."Soemployersnowwanttogetstaffers'impressionsrightatthestart."

AddsGostanian:"Alotcanbelearnedfromhowcandidatestreatreceptionists.Ifthejobseekerisrude,condescending,orarrogant,thismightbeanindicationofhowheorshewouldtreatcoworkersordirectreports."

Obviously,anyonelookingforanewjobwoulddowellnottoalienatethepersonwhositsoutsidetheinterviewer'sdoor.StevensandGostanianofferthesesixtipsfurgettingofftotherightstart:

?Introduceyourselfasyouwouldtoanyotherpotentialnewcolleague.Smile,shakehands,andsoon.Itseemsoddthatthishastobespelledout,butapparentlyitdoes;and,besidesbeingamatterofcommoncourtesy,ordinaryfriendlinessoffersapracticaladvantage."Learningandrememberinganinterviewer'sreceptionist'snamecanonlyhelpasyouadvanceintheinterviewingprocess,"Stevensnotes.

?Don'tregardareceptionistorotherassistantasanunderling(部下)—atleast,notasyourownpersonalunderling."Alwaysasktheinterviewerifyouneedhelpfromanyoneelseintheofficewhereyou'reinterviewing,insteadofseekingthisdirectlyyourself,"saysGostanian.Inotherwords,ifyou'dliketoleaveanextracopyofyourresume,refrainfromsendingtheinterviewer'sassistanttotheXeroxmachine.

?It'sfinetoacceptifyou'reofferedabeverage,butkeepitsimple."Don'taskforparticularbrandnamesorexpecttobebrewedafreshpotofcoffee,"Stevenssays.Andofcourse,needweaddthatdispatchinganybodytoStarbucksisoutofthequestion?

?Feelfreetomakesmalltalk,butknowthatanythingyousaymaywellgetbacktotheinterviewer."Don'taskprobingquestionsaboutthecompanyorofferunsolicitedopinions,"Gostanianadvises.Nomatterhowhideoustheofficedoor,endlessthehikefromtheparkinglot,orinconvenientthewaittoseetheinterviewer,keepittoyourself.Plentyoftimeforwhining(抱怨)andgrumblingafteryou'rehired.

?Don'ttalkonyourceilphoneinfrontofthereceptionist,andtrytoputyourBlackBerryaside."Ifyouhavetomakeortakeacall,leavethereceptionarea,"Stevenssays.Preoccupationwithwirelessdeviceswillmarkyou,shesays,as"acoldandfixatedperson".

?Don'tforgettosaygood-bye."Failuretosaygood-byetosomeoneyou'vejustmetreflectsnegativelyonyou,"Gostaniannotes."You'llcomeacrossasimpersonalanduncaring

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

SellersmaycontacteBayandapplyforanUnpaidItemdisputeagainst______.

7.

Intheauthor'sopinion,realself-esteemusuallycomesfrommeetingworthwhilegoalscombinedwith______.

A.hardwork

B.positivepraise

C.severecriticize

D.realisticfeedback

8.

ThehappeningsintheemergencyroomareusuallyasdramaticasthesceneonTVshows.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.VirtuallyallpatientschoosetotoleratesideeffectswhenconfrontedwiththechoicebetweendyingfromHIV-AIDSandsideeffects.

10.

Mr.Bellavancecashedouthispension,soldhishouseandunloadedthingshedidn'tneedatgarageafterlosinghisjobinordertochangehisfinancesinto______mode.

11.

ChineseimmigrantstoHawaiifoundthatthey______.

A.weretreatedwithoutdiscrimination

B.wereprovidedwithfewerjobchoices

C.couldn'ttraveltomainlandAmerica

D.couldonlyliveorworkinChinatown

12.

______hasthefewestnumberofpeopleemployedinagriculture?

13.Merck'sstockplummeted40%insixweeksbecausesomeVioxx"victims"died.

14.

Forstudentsmajoringincomputerscience,schoolstudyisnotenoughbecause______.

A.aworkingknowledgeofdatasecurityiscritical

B.thosejobsinvolveotherskillsbesidestechnology

C.adegreewillnotguaranteeasuccessfullanding

D.deepskillsarerequiredtomovefluidlywiththejob

15.Duringtheinterview,scientistsemphasizedthatitwasimportanttostartan______.

16.GeoffreyHealholdsthattohavecompaniesrespondingtofinancialincentivesratherthantheirownfeelingsisthe______.

17.

Whethertheemploymentofwomenhasledtogreateregalitarianismis______.

18.

PeoplewhovoluntarilyworkedasservantsforseveralyearsinexchangeforpassagetoAmericawerecalledindenturedservants.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.WhyPopMusicSoundsPerfect?

Ifyouhaven'tbeenlisteningtopopradiointhepastfewmonths,you'vemissedtheriseoftwoseeminglyopposingtrends.Inamediuminwhichmediocresinginghasneverbeenabartoentry,alotofpopvocalssuddenlysoundgreat.Betterthangreat:note-andpitch-perfect,asifthere'sbeenanunspokentighteningofstandardsatrecordlabelsoranevolutionaryleapinthedevelopmentofvocalcords.Attheotherextremeareafewhip-hopsingerswhoalsohittheirnotesbutwithaprecisionsoexaggeratedthatonfirstlisten,theirsongssoundcomicallyartificial,likeachorusof50srobotssingingMotown.

Theforcebehindbothtrendsisaningeniousplug-incalledAuto-Tune,adownloadablestudiotrickthatcantakeavocalandinstantlynudgeitontothepropernoteormoveittothecorrectpitch.It'slikePhotoshopforthehumanvoice.Auto-Tunedoesn'tmakeitpossibleforjustanyonetosinglikeapro,butusedasitscreatorintended,itcantransform.awaveringperformanceintosomethingtechnicallyflawless."Rightnow,ifyoulistentopop,everythingisinperfectpitch,perfecttimeandperfecttune,"saysproducerRickRubin."That'showubiquitousAuto-Tuneis."

Auto-Tune'sinventorisamannamedAndyHildebrand,whoworkedforyearsinterpretingseismicdatafortheoilindustry.Usingamathematicalformulacalledautocorrelation,Hildebrandwouldsendsoundwavesintothegroundandrecordtheirreflections,providinganaccuratemapofpotentialdrillsites.It'satechniquethatsavesoilcompanieslotsofmoneyandallowedHildebrandtoretireat40.Hewasdebatingthenextchapterofhislifeatadinnerpartywhenaguestchallengedhimtoinventaboxthatwouldallowhertosingintune.Afterhetinkeredwithautocorrelationforafewmonths,Auto-Tunewasborninlate1996.

Almostimmediately,studioengineersadopteditasatradesecrettofixflubbednotes,savingthemtheexpenseandhassleofhavingtoredosessions.ThefirsttimecommonearsheardAuto-Tunewasontheimmenselyirritating1998Cherhit"Believe."Inthefirstverse,whenChersings"Ican'tbreakthrough"asthoughshe'sstandingbehindanelectricfan,that'sAuto-Tune--butit'snotthewayHildebrandmeantittobeused.Theprogram'sretunespeed,whichadjuststhesinger'svoice,canbesetfromzeroto400."Ifyousetitto10,thatmeansthattheoutputpitchwillgethalfwaytothetargetpitchin10milliseconds,"saysHildebrand."Butifyouletthatparametergotozero,itfindsthenearestnoteandchangestheoutputpitchinstantaneously"--eliminatingthenaturaltransitionbetweennotesandmakingthesingersoundjumpyandautomat-ed."Ineverfiguredanyoneintheirrightmindwouldwanttodothat,"hesays.

LikeothertrendsspawnedbyCher,thecreativeabuseofAuto-Tunequicklywentoutoffashion,althoughitcontinuedtobeanindispensable,ifinaudible,partoftheengineer'stoolbox.Butin2003,T-Pain(FaheemNajm),alittle-knownrapperandsinger,accidentallystumbledontotheChereffectwhileAuto-Tuningsomeofhisvocals."Itjustworkedformyvoice,"saysT-PaininhisnaturalTallahasseedrawl."Andtherewasn'tanyoneelsedoingit."

Sincehis2005debutalbum,T-Painhassentadozenslightlyraunchy,mechanicallycheerysinglesintotheTop10.HecontributedtofournominatedsongsatGrammyAward2009,andhisinfluenceisstillspreading.WhenKanyeWestwaslookingforaneffecttomatchsomeheartbrokenlyrics,heflewT-PaintoHawaiitoseehowmanywaystheycouldtweakAuto-Tune.Diddygaveapercentageofhisupcomingalbum'sprofitstoT-Paininexchangeforsomelessons.EvenPrinceisrumoredtobeexperimentingwithAuto-Tuneonhisnewrecord."Iknow[Auto-Tune]betterthananyone,"saysT-Pain."AndevenI'mjustfiguring

A.Vocalcords.B.Hip-hopsingers.C.Motown.D.Auto-Tune.

20.

Theauthorthinksthattheoptionsgivenbythetwodifferentcampswouldnotworkandhesuggested______option.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Unemploymentisadeeply【B1】______sensitivepoliticalissueforChancellorGerhardSchroeder.Backin1998hewas【B2】______forhisfirsttermonapromisethatthejoblesscountwouldbebroughtdownto【B3】______.

He【B4】______onthatandnowtheofficialunemploymentfigureisabovefivemillion,thefirsttimesincethegreatdepressionofthe1930s,whichbroughttheNazistopower.Andtomakematters【B5】______,theofficialfiguresmaygreatly【B6】______therealextentoftheproblem.Oncethoseongovernmenttrainingschemesandthelikeare【B7】______theactualnumberofpeoplelookingforworkcouldbeashighas【B8】______.

TheGermaneconomyhasyettofullyrecoverfromtheboomandbustthatfollowedreunificationadecadeago.【B9】______,whereworkhasshiftedtonewmanufacturingcenterssuchasChine.

But,despitethelatestunemploymentfigures,therearesomerecentsignsofeconomicimprovementinwhatisstillbyfarEurope'slargesteconomy.【B10】______.Meanwhilebusinessesaremoreoptimisticthantheywereacoupleofyearsago.Welfarebenefitshavebeenreduced.Companieshavebeenre-organizedtocutcosts.

【B11】______TheGermaneconomyisgrowingagain:thoughslowly,anditisseenasoneofthemorerobustintheEuropeanUnion.

【B1】

22.(17)

A.Gasstation.

B.Policestation.

C.Lostandfounddepartment.

D.Bat.

23.(34)

A.It'smadeupofprofessionalathletes.

B.It'smadeupofcollegeplayers.

C.It'smadeupofbothprofessionalandcollegeplayers.

D.It'smadeupofyoungathletes.

24.听力原文：Helloeverybody,andwelcomebacktothethrillinggameattheTokyoDomewiththeU.S.team.ThegamewiththeJapanesenationalteamisgoingintothesecondhalf,51to26.TheU.S.DreamTeamismadeupofNBAveterans-supposedlythebestwehavetooffer-buttheyneedamiracletodigthemselvesoutofaholeandcomebackatthispoint.

UnfortunatelyfortheDreamTeam,theirleadingscorer,High-FlyWilson,wasejectedoneminuteintothesecondquarterafterclimbingintothestandsandfightingwithaspectatorwhohadcontinuallyheckledWilsonforshootingthreeairballsinarow.AnotherbizarremomentcamelateinthesecondquarterwhentheJapanesecenter,TomohiroSuzuki,sufferedaconcussionandwasknockedoutcoldashecollidedwiththekneeofoneofhisownteammates.Therehavealsobeenseveralotherinjuries,includingthelossofstartingforward,MasaHarada.

SomeofthecoachesontheU.S.teamareattributingtheteam'ssluggishperformancetosomerawfishtheyhadlastnightwhileattendingabanquetintheirhonor.Whoknowswhat'llbenext.OK.Itlookslikewe'rereadyforthesecondhalf.

(33)

A.Theyareleadinginthegame.

B.Thescoreisreallyclose.

C.TheDreamTeamiswaybehind.

D.Theywinthegame.

25.

【B8】

26.

【B6】

27.听力原文：W:WhenIgoonadiet,Ieatonlyfruit,andthattakesoffweightquickly.

M:IprefertoeatwhateverIwant,andthenrunregularlytoloseweight.

Q:Howdoesthemancontrolhisweight?

(19)

A.Bygoingonadiet.

B.Bydoingphysicalexercise.

C.Byhavingfewermeals.

D.Byeatingfruitandvegetables.

28.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：I'mhavingproblemslivingwithColin.We'vebarelyspokentoeachotherinamonth,andwhenwedo,it'stofight.Itstartedwhenwefirstmovedin.Ihadalotofthings,andColinwasn'tthrilled.He'snoteasytoplease,youknow.Iputallmystuffintheclosetinthekitchen.Thismadehimreallyupsetbecausehewantedtoputhissurfinggearthere.What'smore,Ilikeaneat,orderlyapartment,butColinissocarefree.Hispartoftheapartmentisalwaysamess.That'sokifhe'sjustmessyinhisroom,butwealsosharelivingspace,suchasthekitchen,livingroom,bathetc.Ihavetriedtalkingtohimaboutthis,butthenhestartsyellingatmeabouthowmyfriendsarealwayscomingoverwhenhehasalotofworktodo.Idon'tknowwhattodo.TheheadresidentpromisedtotalktoColin.Iwillseehowitgoes.IfIstillhaveaproblemattheendoftheweek,Iwillaskforaroomtochange.

(27)

A.Theman'sprofessor.

B.Theman'sroommate.

C.Aneighbor.

D.Theman'sbrother.

29.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Centuriesago,duringtheMiddleAges,mostofthelandinEuropewasownedbymanydifferentkingsandqueens,princesandprincesses,lordsandladies.Theydidnotallgetalong.Theywerealwaysfighting.Theyallwantedtogetmoreland.Toprotectthemselves,theystartedbuildinghugehomesoutofstone.Theycalledtheirhomescastles.Acastlewasbuiltbehindastrongstonewall.Thewallwasfiveorsixfeetthickandtentotwentyfeethigh.Adeepditchcalledamoatwasdugaroundtheoutsideofthewall.Itwasoftenfilledwithwater,andtheonlywayanyonecouldenterthecastlewastocrossadrawbridge.Thedrawbridgecouldberaisedorloweredoverthemoatfrominsidethecastlewalls.Therewasalsoatunnelthatbeganinthecastleandendedatthemoat.Thiswasimportantincasethecastlewascaptured.Itallowedthekingandqueentoescape.Theycouldswimacrossthemoatandhideintheforest.Livinginacastlewasnotverycomfortable.Themomswerecoldanddamp.Everyroomcouldhaveafireburninginagreatfireplace,butuntilthetwelfthcenturycastlesdidnothavechimneys.Thesmokefromtheirfireplaceshadtogooutthroughopendoorsandwindows.Mealsoftenhadtenortwelvecourses,Themeatmightbewildboarorbirdsthatwereboiledorroastedoveranopenfire.Allthefoodwashighlyseasoned.Peopleevenputpepperintheirdrinks!Thepeoplesatatalongtableandatewiththeirfingersandaknife,allpickingtheirfoodfromthesamebigdish.Theyhadnonapkins.Therefore.theyoftenwipedtheirhandsonpiecesofbread.Whentheirfingerswereclean,theythrewthebreadtothefthuntingdogs.

(27)

A.Kingsandqueens,princesandprincesses,andlordsandladiesbuiltcastlesinordertogetmoreland..

B.Aroundtheoutsideofacastle,amoatwasdug,whichwasoftenfilledwithwater.

C.Acastlewasbuiltbehindathickendhighstonewall,whichwasstrongenoughtostandthepossibleattackofenemies.

D.Ifadrawbridgewaspulledup,therewasnowayforpeopletoenterthecastle.

30.(21)

A.Englishgrammar.

B.Englishliterature.

C.Interculturalcommunication.

D.Mathematicsclass.

31.(36)

A.Youngpeoplewhowanttorideacarforjoy.

B.Professionalswhostealcarsforothercrimes.

C.Peoplewholackmoneytobuyacar.

D.BothAandB.

32.(22)

A.Thewomanhadatoothache.

B.Shewantedtobuysomeaspirin.

C.ShewasaregularpatientofDr.Williams.

D.Dr.Williamswasverybusy.

33.(14)

A.Thecafeteriafoodisverybad.

B.Thecafeteriafoodissoscarce.

C.Thecafeteriafoodisquitedelicious.

D.Thecafeteriafoodismuchlikehome-cookedmeal.

34.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：WhenJohnMilton,writerofParadiseLost,enteredCambridgeUniversityin1625,hewasalreadyskilledinLatinafterseveralyearsofstudyingitashissecondlanguageatSt.Paul'sschool,London.LikeallEnglishboyswhopreparedforcollegeingrammarschool,hehadlearnednotonlytoreadLatinbutalsotospeakandwriteitfluentlyandcorrectly.HispronunciationofLatinwasEnglish,however,andseemedtohavesoundedstrangetohisfriendswhenbelatervisitedItaly.

SchoolboysgainedtheirskillinLatinthehardway.Theymemorizedrulestomakelearningbyhearteasier.Theyfirstmadeaword-for-wordtranslationandthenanidiomatictranslationintoEnglish.Astheyincreasedtheirskill,theytranslatedtheirEnglishbackintoLatinwithoutreferringtothebookandthencomparedtheirtranslationwiththeoriginal.Theschoolmasterwasalwaysathandtoencouragethem.AllschoolmastersbelievedLatinshouldbebeatenin.

Afterseveralyearsofstudy,theboysbegantowritecompositionsinimitationoftheLatinwriterstheyread.AndastheybegantoreadLatinpoems,theybegantowritepoemsinLatin.BecauseMiltonwasalreadyapoetatten,hispoemsweremuchbetterthanthosepainfullyputtogetherbyotherboys.DuringthesevenyearsMiltonspentattheuniversity,hemadeconstantuseofhiscommandofLatin.HewrotesomeexcellentLatinpoemswhichhepublishedamonghisworksin1645.

(27)

A.HowJohnMiltonWroteParadiseLost.

B.HowJohnMiltonBecameaPoet.

C.HowJohnMiltonStudiedLatin.

D.HowJohnMiltonBecameFamous.

35.

【B11】

36.听力原文：W:Iwonderifyouhavetimetogotothefoodstoretoday.Wehavealmostrunoutofbread.

M:You'dbetterdothat.Ihaven'tgotmyreportreadyyet,butmybossneedsittomorrow.

Q:Whyisn'tthemangoingtodotheshopping?

(17)

A.Hehassomeworktodo.

B.Thewomanisgoingtodothat.

C.Hisbossiscomingtoseehim.

D.Hedoesn'tfeellikeeatinganybreadtoday.

37.(29)

A.Hewasthemostinfluentialfigureinbadminton.

B.Hehadwon21All-Englandchampionshipinbadminton.

C.HehadwonthegoldmedalofbadmintonintheBarcelonaOlympicGamesin1992.

D.Hehadwonovereightyinternationaltitlesallhislife.

38.(26)

A.Theyknowwhattheywanttobuy.

B.Theyhavelittlemoneytospend.

C.Theytalkthemselvesoutofpurchases.

D.Theyshopatthecheapeststores.

39.

【B3】

40.听力原文：M:Ihaven'ttakenitwithme.Thinkitovercarefully,youmusthaveleftitsomewhere.

W:Iamnotsure,butnow,theproblemisthatIhavetouseit.Ineedtodriveback,andwhenIgethome,toopenthedoor.

Q:Whathappenedtothewoman?

(13)

A.Shelosthercar.

B.Shelostherbag.

C.Shelostherkeys.

D.Shelostherway.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.SomeoftheconcernssurroundingTurkey'sapplicationtojointheEuropeanUnion,tobevotedonbytheEU'sCouncilofMinistersonDecember17th,areeconomic—inparticular,thecountry'srelativepoverty.ItsGDPperheadislessthanathirdoftheaverageforthe15pre-2004membersoftheEU.ButitisnotfaroffthatofoneofthetennewmemberswhichjoinedonMay1st2004(Latvia),anditismuchthesameasthoseoftwocountries,BulgariaandRomania,whichthisweekconcludedaccessiontalkswiththeEUthatcouldmakethemfullmembersonJanuary1st2007.

Furthermore,thecountry'srecenteconomicprogresshasbeen,accordingtoDonaldJohnston,thesecretary-generaloftheOECD,"stunning".GDPinthesecondquarteroftheyearwas13.4%higherthanayearearlier,arateofgrowththatnoEUcountrycomesclosetomatching.Turkey'sinflationratehasjustfallenintosinglefiguresforthefirsttimesince1972,andthisweekthecountryreachedagreementwiththeIMFonanewthree-year,$10billioneconomicprogramthatwill,accordingtotheIMF'smanagingdirector,RodrigoRato,"helpTurkey...reduceinflationtowardsEuropeanlevels,andenhancetheeconomy'sresilience(弹性)".

Resiliencehasnothistoricallybeenthecountry'seconomicstrongpoint.Asrecentlyas2001,GDPfellbyover7%.Itfellbymorethan5%in1994,andbyjustunder5%in1999.Indeed,throughoutthe1990sgrowthoscillatedlikeanelectrocardiogramrecordingaviolentheartattack.Thisirregularityhasbeenoneofthemainreasons(alongwithredtapeandcorruption)whythecountryhasfaileddismallytoattractmuch-neededforeigndirectinvestment.Itsstockofsuchinvestment(asapercentageofGDP)islowernowthanitwasinthe1980s,andannualinflowshavescarcelyeverreached$1billion(whereasIrelandattractedover$25billionin2003,asdidBrazilineveryyearfrom1998to2000).

OnedeterrenttoforeigninvestorsisduetodisappearonJanuary1st2005.Onthatday,Turkeywilltakeawaytherightofvirtuallyeveryoneofitscitizenstocallthemselvesamillionaire.Sixnaughtswillberemovedfromthefacevalueofthelira;oneunitofthelocalcurrencywillhenceforthbeworthwhatlmisnow--i.e.,aboutC0.53($0.70).

Goodswillhavetobepricedinboththenewandoldliraforthewholeoftheyear,butforeignbankersandinvestorscanbegintolookforwardtoatimeinTurkeywhentheywillnolongerhavetojugglementallywithindeterminatestringsofzeros.

Themoodoftheworkerswaspessimisticinthat______.

A.theirplantwouldgotobankruptcy

B.theywouldbeunemployedtemporarily

C.newmodelsandinvestmentwouldbringaboutjobscut

D.theyareconfrontingthethreatoflosingjobs

42.

Howdouniversitiesandcompaniesunderstandthenatureofbusinessnow?

43.WhichstatementisTRUEaboutpopulationincrease?

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfrom1975totheyear2000.

B.About50,000babiesarebornannuallyatpresent.

C.Between8000B.C.andthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000B.C.and1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

44.Leadershipishardlyanewareaofresearch,ofcourse.Foryears,academicshavedebatedwhetherleadersarebornormade,whetherapersonwholackscharisma(capacitytoinspiredevotionandenthusiasm)canbecomealeader,andwhatmakesleadersfail.WarrenG.Bennis,possiblytheworld'sforemostexpertonleading,has,togetherwithhisco-author,writtentwobestsellersonthetopic.Generally,researchershavefoundthatyoucan'texplainleadershipbywayofintelligence,birthorder,familywealthorstability,levelofeducation,race,orsex.Fromoneleadertothenext,there'senormousvarianceineveryoneofthosefactors.

Theauthors'researchledtoanewandtellingdiscovery:thateveryleader,regardlessofage,hadundergoneatleastoneintense,transformationalexperience--whattheauthorscalla"crucible"(severetest).Theseeventscaneithermakeyouorbreakyou.Foremergingleaders,theydomoremakingthanbreaking,providingkeylessonstohelpapersonmoveaheadconfidently.

Ifacruciblehelpsapersontobecomeleader,therearefouressentialqualitiesthatallowsomeonetoremainone,accordingtotheauthors.Theyare:an"adaptivecapacity"thatletspeoplenotonlysurviveinevitablesetbacks,heartbreaks,anddifficultiesbutalsolearnfromthem;anabilitytoengageothersthroughsharedmeaningoracommonvision;adistinctiveandcompellingvoicethatcommunicatesone'sconvictionanddesiretodotherightthing;andasenseofintegritythatallowsaleadertodistinguishbetweengoodandevil.

Thatsoundsobviousenoughtobecommonplace,untilyoulookatsomerecentfailuresthatshowhowvalidthesedictums(formalstatementsofopinion)are.TheauthorsbelievethatformerCocaColaCo.ChairmanM.DouglasIvesterlastedjust28monthsbecause"hi