2023届上海市金山区高考二模英语试题（含听力）（ 含答案解析 ）

第1页/共1页2022学年第二学期质量监控高三英语试卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Tohisoffice. B.Toameetingroom.C.Tothefrontdesk. D.Tothebusstop.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme.I’mnewhere.It’smyfirstdayactually.I’mlookingformyoffice,but...M:Oh,hello.LookI’mreallysorry,butIcan’tstop,yousee,I’mlateforameeting.Youcangotothefrontdeskforhelp.Q:Whereisthemanhurryingtogo?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Ataschool B.Inahospital. C.Atarestaurant. D.Inaswimmingpool.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Everything’sdone.Shallweleavethehospitalnowandgetsomelunch?ThenIwilldropyouoffatschool.Isthatokay?W:SoundsgreatIfeellikesomefish.Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Onfoot. B.Bycar. C.Bybus. D.Bybike.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Ifyouwalkthroughtherain,youwillgetverywet.Sotakemycar.W:Don’tbother.IthinkI’llgohomebybus.M:OK,it’suptoyou.Seeyoutomorrow,then.W:Seeyou.Q:Howwillthewomangohome?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Tojoinaclub. B.Toregisterforschool.C.Toorganizeacharityevent. D.Togoonatriptothetheater.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Couldyousignthisformforschool,please,Dad?M:Let’sseeit.Oh,you’regoingonatheatertrip?W:Yes,everybodyfromShakespeareClubisgoing.Weraisedthemoneyforitbydoingacharitybikeride.Q:Whydoesthewomanwantthemantosigntheform?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.It’scleanthere. B.It’srelaxingthere.C.It’sbeautifulthere. D.It’snoiselessthere.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Whatdoyouthinkofthispark?Ithinkitisoneofthemostbeautifulplacesinthecity.Ialsolikehowquietitis.M:Iagree,butwhatIlikebestisthatyoudon’tseeanywastepaperorplasticbagsontheground.Everyoneisdoingtheirparttoprotecttheenvironmenthere.Q:Whatdoesthemanlikemostaboutthepark?6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Law. B.Art. C.History. D.Children’seducation.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:I’vedecidedI’mgoingtostudyartatuniversity.Iwanttodrawthepicturesinchildren’sbooks.W:Youwouldbesogoodatthat.Ican’tdecidewhattodo.Myfatherwantsmetostudylawlikehedid,butIwouldratherstudyhistory.Q:Whichmajorwillthemanchoose?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Tripplans. B.Ticketprices.C.Touristdestinations. D.Holidaycelebrations.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:It’ssocoldhere.Let’sgotothebeachfortheholiday.IfoundcheapticketstoHainaninDecember.M:Iwasthinkingaboutaskitriptooneofthenorthernprovinces,butwecansavethatforFebruary.Q:Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Shewillbebusywithherstudy.B.Shewillgohikingwithherfamily.C.Shewillmeethernewpartnersonline.D.ShewillbrowsethroughtheInternetforfun.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Doyouwanttojoinustogohikingthisweekend?W:No.thanks.IneedtosurftheInternetforinformationandcommunicatewithmyclassmatesabouttheprojectonweekends.Q:Whydoesthewomanrefusetheman’sinvitation?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Sheenjoystravelingthissummervacation.B.Sheisconsideringwhethertotravelabroad.C.Shespeakshighlyofherexperiencelastyear.D.ShehadanunpleasantexperienceinChicago.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Iknowyouarekeenontravelling.Whatdoyouplantodothissummervacation?W:ConsideringtheexperienceIhadinChicagolastyear,Iprefertostayathome.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Howcustomerscouldbebestserved.B.Whatkindofstorescanofferlowerprices.C.Whetheronlinestoreswillreplacehigh-streetstores.D.Whysomepeopleprefertobuyproductsinphysicalstores.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Ithinkonlineshoppingwillreplacegoingouttoshops.Onlinestorescanoffermuchlowerpricesthanthehigh-streetstores.W:Idoubtit.Ithinkwe’llalwayswanttotouchsomethingsphysicallyandseethembeforewebuythem.Q:Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?SectionBDirections:

InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答一下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.A.Ahost. B.Apatient. C.Adoctor. D.Avolunteer.12.A.Lawyer. B.Driver. C.Researcher. D.Governmentofficer.13.A.Byreadingbooksregularly.B.Bychangingyourdemandingjob.C.Bydevelopingsomechallenginghobbies.D.Byexercisingregularlyandeatinghealthily.【答案】11.A12.B13.D【解析】【原文】Welcome,everyone.ThisisAllanfromDoctors’Research.Asweallknow,yourjobnotonlyaffectsyourincome,qualityoflife,andhappiness,butitalsoaffectsyourhealth.AnewstudyhassuggestedthathavinganinterestingjobinyourfortiesmayreduceyourriskofgettingAlzheimer’sdiseaseinoldage.Afterexaminingover100,000volunteers,theresearchersfoundthatpeoplelikegovernmentofficersandlawyersareathirdlesslikelytosufferfromAlzheimer’sdiseasethanvehicledriversandmachineoperators.AlthoughlotsofstudieshavesuggestedthatkeepingthebrainactivebychallengingyourselfregularlylikelyreducestheriskofAlzheimer’sdisease,noneofthestudieshasfoundthatmentallydemandinghobbies,likedoingpuzzles,havethesameeffect.Nordoesreading.Onthecontrary,regularexerciseandahealthydietarerecommendedinhelpinglowertherisktosomedegree.Questions:1.Whatisthespeaker?2.WhichofthefollowingjobsismorelikelytoleadtoAlzheimer’sdisease?3.HowcanpeopleprobablyreducetheriskofgettingAlzheimer’sdisease?听下面一段独白，回答一下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.A.About150. B.About12. C.About15. D.About5.15.A.Theyhavelimitedaccesstofriends’updates.B.Theygetpressurefromtheirfriendsinreallife.C.Theymakevirtualfriendswiththeiremployers.D.Whattheypostonlinemayoffendtheirfriends.16.A.Onlinefriendshipisofsignificanceforteenagers.B.Teenagersinteractwiththeirfriendsmostlyonline.C.Teenagers’onlinefriendshipissuperiortothatinreallife.D.Amajorityofteenagersprefertomakenewfriendsonline.【答案】14.A15.D16.A【解析】【原文】Whenitcomestofriendship,DunbarNumberisworthourattention.Thetheorybehindthisnumberisthattheaveragepersoncanonlyhaveamaximumofabout150friends.Thesearemorecasualfriendswhoyoudon’tthinkoforseeverymuch,butyou’dstillfeelcomfortableinvitingthemtoalargeeventlikeawedding.Itfurtherstatesthereareonlyabout5closefriendsthatyouhavemuchcontactwithonaweeklybasisandthen12to15peoplethatyouarestillveryclosetoandtrust.Soisitalwaysgoodtohavemanyfriends?Well,itlookslikehavingtoomanyfriendsonlineandthroughsocialmediamightnotbethegreatest.Astudyshowedthatthemoreonlinefriendspeoplehave,themorestresstheyhave.Theresearchersfoundthatthemorefriendsapersonhasonsocialmedia,thegreaterchancetheyhaveatoffendingpeoplewhentheypostthingsonline.Andthiscanleadtostressandanxiety,especiallywhenpeoplearevirtualfriendswiththeiremployersandparents.Butonlinefriendsarestillgreatthingstohave.Whiletherehaven’treallybeenanystudiescomparingonlinefriendstothoseinreallife,meetingfriendsonlineisstillimportant.About47%ofteenagershavemetagoodfriendonlineandaroundhalfofthoseteenagersmademorethan5newfriendsonline.Butremember:onlinefriendscanbewonderful,yetitmightnotbethebestideatohavetoomanyfriends.Questions:14.HowmanyfriendscantheaveragepersonhaveatmostaccordingtotheDunbarNumbertheory?15.Whydoesthespeakersay“themoreonlinefriendspeoplehave,themorestresstheyhave”?16.Whatcanwelearnaboutteenagers’onlinefriendship?听下面一段较长对话，回答一下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.A.Repaintingthewalls. B.Furnishingthekitchen.C.Rentinganapartment. D.Discussingthepipesystem.18.A.Itisinaruralarea. B.Thefridgeworkswell.C.Itisnexttotheoffice. D.Laundryisincludedintherent.19.A.Foraweek. B.Foramonth.C.Foraboutthreeyears. D.Foratleastayear.20.A.$200. B.$180. C.$720. D.$800.【答案】17.C18.B19.C20.B【解析】【原文】W:MayIcomein?M:Yeah,pleasedo.Nowletmeshowyoutheapartment.W:Thisseemsaprettyniceroom,Ishouldsay.M:Youbet.Thisisthenicestroominthedistrict.Youknowwhat,Ijusthadallthewallsrepaintedlastmonth.W:Whataboutthekitchen?M:It’sawell-furnishedeat-inkitchen.Thestoveandtheice-boxareingoodorder,andthesystemofpipesisOK,too.W:Isee.Howmuchistherent?M:200dollarsaweek,excludinglaundry.W:200dollarsaweek?No,I’mnotreallyinterestedinthisplace.Itisn’tbigenough.What’smore,itisn’tcloseenoughtomyoffice.M:Rentsareveryhighindowntownareas,youknow.Thisisanicerent.Howlongwillyoulivehere?W:I’dliketolivehereforaboutthreeyears.M:Wonderful!ThenIcangiveyouadiscountof10%.W:Really?Youaresonice.M:Whenareyoumovingin?W:NextSaturdayattheearliest.Questions:1.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?2.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheapartment?3.Howlongdoesthewomanplantoliveintheapartment?4.Howmuchwillthewomanpayfortheapartmentweekly?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherent.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.Fortheotherblanks,fillineachblankwithoneproperword.Makesurethatyouranswersaregrammaticallycorrect.OpenAIAnnouncesChatGPTSuccessorGPT-4OpenAIhasreleasedGPT-4,thelatestversionofitshugelypopularartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPT.Thenewmodelcanrespondtoimagesbyprovidingrecipesuggestionsfromphotosofingredientsaswellaswritingcaptionsanddescriptions.Itcanalsoprocessupto25,000words,abouteighttimesasmanyasChatGPT.MillionsofpeoplehaveusedChatGPTsinceit_____21_____(launch)inNovember2022.Popularrequestsforitincludewritingsongs,poems,marketingcopy,computercode,andhelpingwithhomework,_____22_____teacherssaystudentsshouldn’tuseit.ChatGPTanswersquestions_____23_____(employ)naturalhuman-likelanguage,anditcanalsoimitateotherwritingstylessuchassongwritersandauthors,usingtheInternetasitsknowledgedatabase.Thereareconcernsthatitcouldonedaytakeovermanyjobscurrently_____24_____(do)byhumans.OpenAIsaidit_____25_____(spend)sixmonthsonsafetyfeaturesforGPT-4,andonhumanfeedback.However,itwarnedthatit_____26_____stillbesubjecttosharingdisinformation.GPT-4willinitiallybeavailabletoChatGPTPlussubscribers,_____27_____pay$20permonthforeasyaccesstotheservice.It’salreadypoweringMicrosoft’sBingsearchengineplatform.Thetechgianthasinvested$10b_____28_____OpenAI.GPT-4has“_____29_____(advanced)reasoningskills”thanChatGPT,OpenAIsaid.Themodelcan,forexample,findavailablemeetingtimesforthreeschedules.OpenAIalsoannouncednewpartnershipswithlanguagelearningappDuolingoandBeMyEyes,anapplicationforthevisuallyimpaired,_____30_____(create)AIChatbotswhichcanassisttheirusersusingnaturallanguage.However,likeitspredecessors(被替代的事物),OpenAIhaswarnedthatGPT-4isstillnotfullyreliableanditmayinventfactsormakereasoningerrors.【答案】21.waslaunched22.although23.employing24.beingdone##done25.hadspent26.may##might27.who28.in##on29.moreadvanced30.tocreate【解析】【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。OpenAI开发除了GPT-4，这是其非常受欢迎的人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT的最新版本，文章介绍了其功能，以及人们对该产品的态度。【21题详解】考查动词时态、语态。句意：自2022年11月ChatGPT推出以来，已有数百万人使用它。设空处在since引导的时间状语从句中，其中的时间状语为inNovember2022，应用一般过去时，launch与逻辑主语it之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，助动词为was。故填waslaunched。【22题详解】考查状语从句的连词。句意：最受欢迎的要求包括写歌、写诗、写营销文案、写计算机代码和辅导家庭作业，尽管老师们说学生不应该使用它。逗号前后转折关系，应用连词although，引导让步状语从句。故填although。【23题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：ChatGPT使用自然的类人语言回答问题，它还可以模仿其他写作风格，如词曲作者和作家，使用互联网作为其知识库。句子谓语为answers，设空处为非谓语动词，employ与逻辑主语ChatGPT之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填employing。【24题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有人担心，有一天它可能会取代目前由人类完成的许多工作。此处考查manyjobs的后置定语，do与逻辑主语manyjobs之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，设空处应用过去分词done，根据时间状语currently，也可用现在分词的被动语态，表示正在被进行，故填done/beingdone。【25题详解】考查动词时态。句意：OpenAI表示，他们花了6个月的时间来研究GPT-4的安全功能，以及人类的反馈。句子谓语动词为said，宾语从句的动作发生在said前，从句应用过去完成时。故填hadspent。【26题详解】考查情态动词。句意：然而，该公司警告称，它仍可能受到分享虚假信息的影响。设空处应用情态动词may或might，表示可能性。故填may/might。【27题详解】考查定语从句。句意：T-4最初将提供给ChatGPTPlus用户，他们每月支付20美元即可轻松使用该服务。此处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为ChatGPTPlussubscribers，为人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填who。【28题详解】考查介词。句意：这家科技巨头已向OpenAI投资100亿美元。此处考查动词短语invest...on/in...，意为“（把资金）投入……”，设空处应用介词in或on，后接宾语OpenAI。故填in/on。【29题详解】考查形容词比较等级。句意：OpenAI表示，GPT-4拥有比ChatGPT“更高级推理技能”。根据语境，设空处在名词短语reasoningskills之前，句中有than，设空处应用形容词比较级，作前置定语。需填moreadvanced。【30题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：OpenAI还宣布与语言学习应用多邻国(Duolingo)和面向视障人士的应用BeMyEyes建立新的合作伙伴关系，以创建可以使用自然语言帮助用户的人工智能聊天机器人。句子的谓语为announced，设空处为非谓语动词，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填tocreate。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.breakthroughsB.coreC.driverD.empowerE.fullyF.increasinglyG.mountingH.potentialI.promotingJ.seeksK.servesCompaniesHelpIntegrate(整合)DigitalRealEconomiesChineseplatformcompaniesaredoublingdownonthemostadvanceddigitaltechnologiestoseeknewdriversinrevenue(财政收入)growth,asthecountryputsgreateremphasison____31____thein-depthintegrationofthedigitalandrealeconomies,expertsandcompanyexecutivessaid.Despitethedepressingglobaloutlookand_____32_____uncertainties,China’splatformeconomyisplayinga(n)____33____vitalroleinboostingtechnologicalinnovationandhigh-qualitydevelopment.DuringanearningsconferencewithinvestorsonThursday,ZhangYong,chairmanandCEOofAlibabaGroup,saidthatcloudcomputingisoneofthecompany’s____34____strategiesforthefuture,andAlibabaCloudisalsothefoundationthroughwhichthecompany____35____therealeconomyanddrivestheintegrationofthedigitalandrealeconomies.Notingthatthisisacriticalperiodfortechnological____36____anddevelopmentincloudcomputingandAI,Zhangsaidhebelievedinthevast_____37_____ofindustrialdigitalizationandtheroleofcloudcomputingasthefocusofthedigitaleconomy.Revenueinthecloudbusiness,Alibaba’smaingrowth_____38_____besidese-commerce,reached20.18billionyuanduringtheOctober-Decemberperiod,anincreaseof3%year-on-year,mainlydrivenbypubliccloudgrowth.Thecompanyismakingeffortstomakeuseofdigitaltechnologiestohelpsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesandspeedupindustrialtransformation(工业转型)inaneffortto_____39_____therealeconomy.Thetone-settingCentralEconomicWorkConferenceinmid-Decembersaidthatplatformcompanieswillbesupportedto“____40____displaytheircapabilities”inencouragingeconomicgrowth,jobcreationandinternationalcompetition.Theconferencealsoemphasizedtheneedtoenergeticallydevelopthedigitaleconomy.【答案】31.I32.G33.F34.B35.K36.A37.H38.C39.D40.E

【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的数字实体经济发展情况。【31题详解】考查动名词。句意：专家和公司高管表示，随着中国更加重视促进数字经济和实体经济的深度融合，中国平台公司正在加倍投入最先进的数字技术，以寻求收入增长的新动力。设空处应填promoting，意为“促进；提升”，为动名词，作介词on的宾语。故选I项。【32题详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管全球经济前景黯淡，不确定性增加，但中国的平台经济在推动科技创新和高质量发展方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。设空处应用形容词mounting，意为“增长的，上升的”，作前置定语，修饰名词uncertainties，故选G项。【33题详解】考查副词。句意：尽管全球经济前景黯淡，不确定性增加，但中国的平台经济在推动科技创新和高质量发展方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。设空处应用副词increasingly，意为“越来越多地，不断增加地”，修饰形容词vital，作状语。故选F项。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：在周四与投资者举行的财报发布会上，阿里巴巴集团董事长兼首席执行官张勇表示，云计算是公司未来的核心战略之一，阿里云也是公司服务实体经济、推动数字经济和实体经济融合的基础。设空处应用名词core，意为“核心”，修饰名词strategies，作前置定语。故选B项。【35题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在周四与投资者举行的财报发布会上，阿里巴巴集团董事长兼首席执行官张勇表示，云计算是公司未来的核心战略之一，阿里云也是公司服务实体经济、推动数字经济和实体经济融合的基础。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，从句中foundation为先行词，后接throughwhich引导的限制性定语从句，主语为thecompany，为第三人称单数，设空处应用serves，意为“服务”，作谓语动词。故选K项。【36题详解】考查名词复数。句意：张勇指出，这是云计算和人工智能技术突破和发展的关键时期，他相信工业数字化的巨大潜力，以及云计算作为数字经济焦点的作用。设空处应用名词复数breakthroughs，意为“突破”，与名词development并列，作for的宾语。故选A项。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：张勇指出，这是云计算和人工智能技术突破和发展的关键时期，他相信工业数字化的巨大潜力，以及云计算作为数字经济焦点的作用。设空处应用名词potential，意为“潜力”，作believedin的宾语。故选H项。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：云业务是阿里巴巴除电子商务之外的主要增长动力，在10月至12月期间，其收入达到了201.8亿元，同比增长3%，主要是受公共云增长的推动。设空处应用名词driver，意为“推动力”，作主语。故选C项。【39题详解】考查动词。句意：该公司正在努力利用数字技术帮助中小企业，并加快工业转型，努力为实体经济赋能。设空处应选动词empower，意为“给予（某人）权力，使自主”，后接宾语therealeconomy，故选D项。【40题详解】考查副词。句意：12月中旬召开的中央经济工作会议表示，将支持平台公司在鼓励经济增长、创造就业和国际竞争方面“充分发挥能力”。设空处应用副词fully，意为“充分地，完全地”，修饰动词短语displaytheircapabilitie，作状语。故选E项。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ItisNobelPrizeweek,theoneweekeveryyearwhenpeoplefromallcornersoftheglobecelebratescience,readaboutribosomes(核糖体),andgivetheirbestshotattryingtounderstandparticlephysics.Itisalsotheoneweekwhenscienceisguaranteedsomeprimeheadlinespaceonmainstreamnewsoutlets.AndyetthescienceNobels(inmedicine,physics,andchemistry)presenta(n)___41___viewofscience.Theproblemstartswiththe___42___ofprize-winnersselectedeveryyear.TherulesgoverningtheNobelPrize___43___ittojustthreewinnersineachcategory.ThismeansthatforeverydiscoverythatisawardedaNobel,themajorityofcontributingscientistsendupbeing___44___.Asamatteroffact,sciencehasneverbeena(n)___45___effort.IsaacNewtonstoodonthe“shouldersofgiants”;NeilArmstrong’s“onesmallstep”wasadreamrealizedbyhundredsofthousandsofengineersandscientists.Scienceis,andalwayshasbeen,andrepetitiveprocesswhereindividualsdrawondiscoveriesmadebyothersto___46___advancetheboundariesofhumanknowledge.Yes,AlbertEinsteinfamouslywontheNobelPrizeallbyhimselfforapaperhealoneauthored,buthecouldnothavemadehisdiscoverieswithout___47___workbyMaxPlanck,JamesMaxwell,andseveralothers.Tomakemattersworse,typicaloftheNobelPrizes,noneofthe___48___wasafirstauthoronanyofthepublicationscitedbytheprizeannouncements.Thefirstauthorofascientificpaperistypicallythepersonwhodidthehands-onlaboratorywork,usuallyagraduatestudentoryoungpost-doctoralresearcher.Itispreciselythese___49___researcherswhoareingreaterneedoftheNobelPrizemoneythantheirgenerallytenured(终身的)supervisors.Morebasically,awardingtheprizestoonlythreescientistsspreadsavisionofscienceasanindividualenterprise.Byensuringthatgraduatestudentsarenotgiven____50____recognition,theprizesreinforce(加强)themistakenimageofascientistasanoldwhitemaninalabcoat.Thiscanonly____51____genderandracialinequalitiesinscience,especiallyfurtheralonginanacademiccareer.Anyoneofthesereasonsissufficientto____52____theNobelPrizes.Hereisoneidea:AwardtheNobelPrizesnotto____53____butfordiscoveries;donatetheprizemoneytoaninternationalsciencefundtopromotefurtherexplorationineachyear’sprize-winningfieldofresearch.Ascience-orientedNobel,ratherthanascientist-orientedone,wouldeducatethepublicinthemostimportantscientificdevelopmentsand,____54____,stimulatenewscientificprogressbyusingtheprizemoneytofundthenextgenerationofresearchers.Scienceworksbestwhenthe____55____ofonegenerationofscientistsarepaidforwardtodrivethenexttoevengreaterheights.Thatistosay,scientistsofdifferentgenerationsworkwithjointeffortstosupportfuturescientificadvancementsforthebettermentofsocietyasawhole.41.A.strange B.outdated C.all-round D.advanced42.A.quality B.diversity C.discipline D.figure43.A.restrict B.extend C.relate D.apply44.A.employed B.ignored C.respected D.nominated45.A.terrific B.constant C.intellectual D.individual46.A.naturally B.rapidly C.gradually D.personally47.A.previous B.subsequent C.physical D.commercial48.A.employees B.addressees C.awardees D.refugees49.A.chief-position B.early-career C.senior-management D.academic-world50.A.due B.immediate C.literary D.governmental51.A.turndown B.leveloff C.takeaway D.stepup52.A.claim B.reform C.present D.announce53.A.organizers B.researchers C.sponsors D.supervisors54.A.infact B.incomparison C.intheory D.inturn55.A.legends B.spirits C.achievements D.mysteries【答案】41.B42.D43.A44.B45.D46.C47.A48.C49.B50.A51.D52.B53.B54.D55.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章分析了诺贝科学奖存在的问题，并给出了解决办法。作者认为当一代科学家的成就被发扬光大，推动下一代科学家更上一层楼时，科学才能发挥最好的作用。【41题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，诺贝尔科学奖(医学奖、物理学奖和化学奖)却呈现出一种过时的科学观。A.strange奇怪的；B.outdated陈旧的；过时的；C.all-round多才多艺的；D.advanced高级的。根据下文“Theproblemstartswiththe___2___ofprize-winnersselectedeveryyear.”可知，此处说明是一个问题，因此推断诺贝尔和平奖呈现出一种过时的科学观点。故选B。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个问题始于每年选出的获奖者的数量。A.quality质量；B.diversity多样性；多样化；C.discipline纪律；训练；D.figure数字。根据下文“justthreewinnersineachcategory”可知，此处说的是获奖者的数量。故选D。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：管理诺贝尔奖的法规限制在每个类别中只有三名获奖者。A.restrict限制；B.extend延长；C.relate联系；D.apply申请。根据下文“ThismeansthatforeverydiscoverythatisawardedaNobel,themajorityofcontributingscientistsendupbeing___4___.”可知，管理规定限制每个类别只有三名获奖者。故选A。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着，对于每一个被授予诺贝尔奖的发现，大多数有贡献的科学家最终都被忽视。A.employed雇佣；B.ignored忽视；C.respected尊重；D.nominated提名；任命。根据前文“justthreewinnersineachcategory”可知，每个类别仅有三名获奖者，因此大部分有贡献的科学家被忽视。故选B。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，科学从来不是个人努力。A.terrific极好的；B.constant不断的；C.intellectual智力的；D.individual个人的。根据下文“IsaacNewtonstoodonthe“shouldersofgiants”;NeilArmstrong’s“onesmallstep”wasadreamrealizedbyhundredsofthousandsofengineersandscientists.(艾萨克·牛顿站在“巨人的肩膀上”;尼尔·阿姆斯特朗的“一小步”是成千上万工程师和科学家实现的梦想。)”可知，科学不是个人的努力。故选D。【46题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：科学一直以来都是一个重复的过程，在这个过程中，个人利用他人的发现，逐步推进人类知识的边界。A.naturally自然地；B.rapidly快速地；C.gradually逐渐地；D.personally亲自地。根据上文“Scienceis,andalwayshasbeen,andrepetitiveprocesswhereindividualsdrawondiscoveriesmadebyothers”可知，科学是个人利用他人的发现逐渐提高的。故选C。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦凭借他独自撰写的一篇论文获得了诺贝尔奖，但如果没有马克斯·普朗克、詹姆斯·麦克斯韦和其他几个人以前的工作，他就不可能有这些发现。A.previous以前的；B.subsequent随后的；C.physical身体的；D.commercial商业的。根据前文“AlbertEinsteinfamouslywontheNobelPrizeallbyhimselfforapaperhealoneauthored,buthecouldnothavemadehisdiscoveries”可知，爱因斯坦利用了其他科学家以前的所做的工作。故选A。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，诺贝尔奖的典型特点是，没有一个获奖者是获奖公告中引用的任何出版物的第一作者。A.employees雇员；B.addressees地址；C.awardees受奖者；D.refugees难民。根据下文“Thefirstauthorofascientificpaperistypicallythepersonwhodidthehands-onlaboratorywork,usuallyagraduatestudentoryoungpost-doctoralresearcher.(一篇科学论文的第一作者通常是亲自做实验室工作的人，通常是研究生或年轻的博士后研究员。)”可知，没有一个获奖者是获奖公告中引用的出版物的第一作者。故选C。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这些初入职场研究人员比他们的终身导师更需要诺贝尔奖奖金。A.chief-position首席位置；B.early-career早期职业生涯；C.senior-management高级管理人员；D.academic-world学术界。根据上文“usuallyagraduatestudentoryoungpost-doctoralresearcher”可知，这些都是初入职场的研究人员。故选B。【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过确保研究生没有得到应有的认可，这些奖项强化了科学家作为一个穿着实验室大褂的白人老头的错误形象。A.due预期的、应有的；B.immediate立刻的；C.literary文学的；D.governmental政府的。根据上文“typicaloftheNobelPrizes,noneofthe___8___wasafirstauthoronanyofthepublicationscitedbytheprizeannouncements.Thefirstauthorofascientificpaperistypicallythepersonwhodidthehands-onlaboratorywork,usuallyagraduatestudentoryoungpost-doctoralresearcher.”可知，研究生不能获得应有的认可，获得奖项。故选A。【51题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这只会加剧科学领域的性别和种族不平等，尤其是在以后的学术生涯中。A.turndown拒绝；B.leveloff趋平；C.takeaway剥夺；拿走；D.stepup使加快速度、加剧。根据前文“theprizesreinforce(加强)themistakenimageofascientistasanoldwhitemaninalabcoat”可推断，这也加剧了科学领域的性别和种族不平等。故选D。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些理由中的任何一个都足以改革诺贝尔奖。A.claim声称、索取；B.reform改革；C.present赠送；D.announce宣布。上文讲述了诺贝奖项存在问题，结合下文内容“Hereisoneidea:…”可推断，诺贝尔奖需要改革。故选B。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖不是颁给研究人员，而是颁给发现；将奖金捐赠给一个国际科学基金，以促进每年获奖研究领域的进一步探索。A.organizers组织者；B.researchers研究人员；C.sponsors赞助商；D.supervisors监督者。根据下文“donatetheprizemoneytoaninternationalsciencefundtopromotefurtherexplorationineachyear’sprize-winningfieldofresearch”可知，诺贝尔奖不要颁发给研究者个人。故选B。【54题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：一个以科学为导向的诺贝尔奖，而不是以科学家为导向的诺贝尔奖，将在最重要的科学发展中教育公众，转而，通过使用奖金资助下一代研究人员，刺激新的科学进步。A.infact实际上；B.incomparison比较；C.intheory理论上；D.inturn转而。根据前后文语境可知，以科学为导向的诺贝尔奖可以教育公众，转而奖金可以资助下一代研究人员，刺激科学进步。故选D。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当一代科学家的成就被发扬光大，推动下一代科学家更上一层楼时，科学才能发挥最好的作用。A.legends传说；B.spirits精神；C.achievements成就；D.mysteries神秘。根据下文“todrivethenexttoevengreaterheights”可知，要发扬广大一代科学家的成就，推动下一代科学家，科学才能发挥最好的作用。故选C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Onthetrackforthe400-meterdashatthe1958BritishEmpireandCommonwealthGames,MikhaSinghshotfromthestartasfastaspossible,butthen,inasecond,sensedMalcolmSpenceofSouthAfricaoverhisshoulder.Attheline,withsixinchesbetweenthem,Singhwonthegold.Theaudiencebrokeintoapplause.Tothem,however,hewasjustavillageboywhoranwithhisarmsgracefullywaving.Theydidnotknowthat,forhim,runningwasnotasport.Itwaseverything,hisreligion,hisbeloved,andhislife.Asachild,Singhrantogetaneducationoutsidehishomevillage.Theschoolwastenkilometersaway.Butattheageof18,Singhrantosavehisverylife.In1947,thevillagewasbeingsplitbetweenIndiaandPakistan.CrowdsofMuslimoutsiderssuddenlyarrivedinhisvillage,orderinghisfamilytoconverttoIslamordie.Hisfather,dying,shouted,“Run,Milkha,run!”Heracedfortheforest,crying.TherefollowedatimewhenSinghhoppedtrainsasarefugee,shoelessandstarving.Eventuallythearmytookhimon.Therehediscoveredrunningofanewkind,withcoaching,racesoversetlengths,andprizes.Thefirstraceh