必修三Unit1知识点

页眉内容页眉内容Unit1mean的用法e.g.Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.e.g.Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.e.g.Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.meandoing意味着bemeantfor适合做e.g.Heisnotmeantforateacherandwillalwaysbeunhappyintheschool.means方式，方法，途径byallmeans当然可以，没问题 bynomeans绝不bymeansof借助 手段；依靠 方法练习：他说他不适合读书因为懒。Hesaysheastudentforhislaziness.这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。Failingthisexamanotherone.我并不是故意迟到的。Ididn’t belateforschool.celebratevt.&vi.庆祝；祝贺celebrateChristmas/one’sbirthday/avictory(成功)赞扬；称颂e.g.Thenamesofmanyheroesarecelebratedbythepoets.词语辨析：celebrate,congratulatecelebrate表示“庆祝”后常接日期，事情或场合，表示“赞扬”时，宾语可以是人，也可是物。congratulate后常接人，表示向某人祝贺congratulatesb.on/upon(doing)sth.congratulations(tosb)onsth/doingsth.英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态，主语为所发生的事。 词语辨析：takeplace,happen,occur,comeabout,breakout的比较takeplace“发生,举行”侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非偶然”的意思e.g.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepast10years.happen“发生”常指具体客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生。happen还可以表示“碰巧发生了什么事”常构成sb/sth.happenstodo或Ithappensthat...e.g.Ithappenedtorainthatday.ThetrafficaccidentoccurredonWednesday.3)occur“发生，出现”,较正式用词，指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。occurto有“想起”的意思。e.g.Agoodideaoccurredtome.4)breakout(火灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发e.g.TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutin1939.5)comeabout“发生”，往往注重事情发生的原因。且很多时候与how连用。与happen用法较接近e.g.Howdoesitcomeaboutthatyouwerecaughtbythepolice?练习：用takeplace,happen和comeabout的正确形式填空TheMay4thMovement in1919.Ifanything tothemachine,letmeknowatonce.Theopeningdayoftheplay tomorrownight.Canyoutellmehowit ?starve:vt,使饿死 vi・饿得要死starvetodeathbestarvedof/starvefor:渴望 n.starvation饿死：dieofstarvatione.g.Themotherlesschildrenwerestarvedof/werestarvingforaffection.练习：他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。Theygotlostinthedesertand.他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。Theyareasumofmoneytofinishtheirwork.honor1）n.光荣，荣誉；光荣的人或事情e.g.Theyfightforthehonorofthecountry.LiuXiangisanhonortoourcountry.2）尊敬，给以荣誉（v）e.g.Childrenshouldhonortheirparents.inhonorof为了纪念dosb.honor/dohonortosb.向某人致敬onone’shonor以人格担保havethehonorofdoing/todosth.有幸做…satisfyvt./vi.使满意，使满足e.g.Nothingcansatisfyhimexceptthebest.Somepeoplearereallyhardtosatisfy.sb.besatisfiedwith对…满意 e.g.She’snotsatisfiedwithhernewhouse.令人满意的：satisfying,satisfactory 满意：satisfactionharmn./v.损害；伤害dosbharm=doharmtosb=harmsb反：dosbgoode.g.Hemeantnoharmtoyou.Theeventshasharmedtherelationsbetweenthetwocountries.inmemoryof为纪念e.g.Themuseumwasbuiltinmemoryofthefamousscientist.inpraiseof歌颂inchargeof负责；掌管insearchof寻找infavorof支持incelebrationof庆祝 insupportof支持inplaceof代替incaseof如果；万一Theyofferfood,flowersandgift....词语辨析：offer,provide,supplyoffer主动提供。offersthtosb/offersbsthprovide供给（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。providesth（forsb）/providesbwithsth.supply:供应（所需要或所要求之物）。supplysthtosb;supplysbwithsth练习：WhenImeetdifficulty,myroommateswillmehelp.They arewardforthereturnofthelostjewels.Thegovernmentneedto theseoldpeoplewithfoodandclothes.Electricityshouldbe enougheverymonth.dressup盛装打扮；装扮，装饰e.g.Youdon’thavetodressup.Comeasyouare.ChildrenlovedressingupinHalloween.dressvt.给.穿衣dressoneself/sb.给自己/某人穿衣表示动作bedressedin.表示状态playatrickonsb.=playtricksonsb.捉弄某人；开某人的玩笑相近短语：makefunof取笑，捉弄 laughat嘲笑 makeafoolof愚弄playajokewith=jokewith和某人开玩笑trickvt.tricksbintosth./doingsth.诱使某人干某事tricksb.outofsth.从某人处骗走某物awardn.奖品，奖项，奖金e.g.Sheshowedustheawardsshehadwon.vt.授予;判定awardsbsth=awardsthtosbe.g.Thejudgesawardedbothteamsequalpoints.award“奖，奖品，奖金”,侧重经过正式裁定而得到的prize“奖， 奖金”,指在比赛中获胜或有特殊贡献时所得的奖励reward回报,报酬admirevt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕admiresb/sth（for…）为某事钦佩某人e.g.Iadmirehimforhissuccessinbusiness.admirationn. admirableadj.lookforwardto（介词）+n/v-ing盼望，期待e.g.I’mlookingforwardtohiscoming.以下短语中的to也为介词，后面加doing,而不是dopayattentionto注意 devote...to致力于preferto更加喜欢getdownto开始做 beusedto习惯于asthough=asif好像，仿佛（其引导的从句中的谓语动词即可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气）1）虚拟语气（其谓语若与现在事实相反，用一般过去时，be动词用were；若与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时）e.g.Hebehavedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hetalksasif/thoughhekneweverything..陈述语气（表示很可能的事实就用陈述语气）e.g.Itlooksasif/thoughitisgoingtorain.Hewavedtomeasiftotellmesomething.custom指传统风俗、习俗，也可指个人生活习惯。customs关税practice习俗，惯例；与custom近义，但含贬义。makeapracticeof…惯常做某事。habit个人生活习惯，后接ofdoing,不可接不定式。breakacustom打破习俗follow/keepupacustom遵从、遵守习俗mannersandcustoms风俗习惯customs付关税 pass/gothroughthecustoms通关用custom,practice和habit填空1）Ihavethe ofgettingupearly.2）Itisthe fortheJapanesetotakeofftheirshoeswhentheygetintoahall.3）Social differfromcountrytocountry.4）Hemakesa ofcheatingatexaminations.5）Weshouldpay whenweimportfromabroad.permissionn.准许；许可；批准givepermission（forsth./sb.todosth.）准许（某事/某人干某事）withoutpermission未经许可 withone’spermission经某人的许可asksb.forpermission请求某人准许givesb.permissiontodosth准许某人做某事permitvt.&vi・允许；准许n.许可证；特许证permitsb.sth/permitsbtodosth./permitdoingsthturnup1）appear出现；到场他到目前还没有出现。 He sofar.2）调大声音，把...开大点儿请把火调大一点。Please thefire.相关短语：turndown拒绝turnoff关掉turnon打开turnout结果是turnin上交turnto转向；翻到；求助于keepone’sword守信用,遵守诺言breakone’sword违背诺言'keepapromise遵守诺言makeapromise做出承诺.carryoutapromise履行诺言 breakapromise违背诺言)inaword简言之 inotherwords 换句话说haveawordwithsb.与某人交谈havewordswithsb.(aboutsth.) 关于某事与某人争吵holdone’sbreath屏息e.g.Thegirlheldherbreathatthesightofthesnake.takebreath呼吸loseone'sbreath=beoutofbreath喘不过气来breathev.breathn.apologize道歉apologizetosbfor(doing)sth=saysorrytosbfordoingsthe.g.Youmustapologizetotheteacherforbeingsorude.apologyn.makeanapologytosbfor(doing)sth.wipe(wiped,wiped)vt擦，擦去wipeoff抹掉，擦掉wipeout消灭；扫除wipeup擦干净wipethewordsofftheblackboardremindsb.ofsth提醒某人某事remindsb.todosth/remindsb.that...1)他提醒我那个承诺。Heremindedmeofmypromise.2)他提醒我要早起。Heremindedmetogetupearly.3)他提醒我本应该小心点。HeremindedthatIshouldhavebeenmorecareful.AsLiFangsetoffforhome,hethought...setoff：动身,出发;(侧重去某一个地方)； 使(地雷、炸弹)爆炸;e.g.TomandhisfathersetoffforAmericayesterday.Thebombsetoffamongthecrowd.相关短语：setaboutdoingsth.=setouttodosth着手(做某事)语法：情态动词may,might;can,could;will,would;shall,should;must,need,dare,usedto,oughtto.一、can,could和beableto的用法.can,beableto都可表示“能力”Can的主语是人或物,beableto的主语是人Shecan/beabletosingthesonginEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable..can只用于现在式和过去式(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。We'llbeabletofinishtheworksoon./Ihaven'tbeenabletoseethefilm.could用于表示泛指过去的能力。如：IcouldreadwhenIwasfour.Althoughthesoldierwasbadlywounded,hewasabletotellwhathadhappened.Sheranfastbutshecouldn't/wasn'tabletocatchthebus.只能用.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，

was/wereableto,不能用could。只能用HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.Hewasabletoswimhalfwaybeforehegottired..could不表示时态，表示委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。CouldIhavealookatyournotebook?Yes,youcan./No,youcan't..表示“惊异,怀疑,不相信”的态度（主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中）Canthisnewsbetrue?Howcanyoubesofoolish?Itcan'tbeMary.Shehasfallenill..表示推测，译为“可能、或许"，can常用于否定句（意思是”不可能已经”）和疑问句；could除用于否定句及疑问句外，还可用于肯定句（意思是”那时可能;本来可以"）。Lindadidn'tcatchthetrain.Shecouldhavecaughtit.Don'tworry.Theycouldhavejustforgottentophone.二、may和might.may和might用于一般问句中表示委婉的请求，肯定回答用may,否定用mustn't---MayIuseyourpencil?---Yes,youmay./No,youmustn't..may和might表示“可能性”，may/might+v指现在或将来可能发生的动作情况。might暗示的可能性更小ShemayShemaynotbeworkingnow.Johnmightbeathomenow..对过去发生的事情的可能性作出判断用may/mighthavedone,用might比用may的可能性更小Shemay/mighthavegonetothecinema.Theymay/mightnothavereceivedourtelephone..may放在句首祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!MayGodblessyou!三、Will和wouldl.will和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各种人称IfyouwillhelpmewithmyEnglish,Iwillbeveryhappy.IpromisedthatIwoulddomybest.2.在疑问句中,will用于第二人称，表示请求或征求意见,would则语气更委婉Willyoutellhimthenewsassoonashecomesback？Wouldyoupleasespeakagainmoreslowly？四、shall,should和oughttol.shall用于第二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。YoushalldoasIsay.（命令）Tellhimthatheshallhavethebooktomorrow. （允诺）Nothingshallstopmedoingit.（决心）2.在疑问句中,用于第一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。ShallIopenthewindowforyou？（征求意见）Shallhefetchsomewaterforyou？（请求）3.should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与oughtto意义相近，但oughtto多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替oughtto。e.g.Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.Everycitizenoughttoobeylaw.Yououghtnottogo.4.should/oughttohavedone表示责备或批评，意为“本应该做到...但没有做到...”,用于否定则表示“本不该…但"oughtto的语气更强烈.Youshould/oughttohavetoldherthetruthearlier.Sheshouldn'thaveleftwithoutsayingaword.五、must和haveto.Must用于一般问句中，肯定回答用must否定式用needn't或don'thaveto,做“不必”，mustn't表示“禁止，不允许”一MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?一Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.Youmustn'tgetdownwhilethecarisstillmoving..表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。Idon'tlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome..must表示对某人某事的猜测”“准是”，“一定”，一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用musthavedoneYoumustbethenewteacher.Hemustbejoking.Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveallgonehome..mUS?表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情Hemustcomeandworryherwithquestion,justwhenshewasbusycookingthedinner.Ofcourse，afterIgavehermyadvice，shemustgoanddotheopposite。EXERCISES---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It acomfortablejourney.( )A.can'tbe B.mustn'thavebeenC.shouldn'tbeD.couldn'thavebeenThefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone___getout.( )A.hadto B.wouldC.could D.wasabletoPeter___comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysure.A.mustB.canC.mayD.will---CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?---Yes,you .A.willB.couldC.canD.mightSorry,I'mlate.I___haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will--Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.--You havemycomputerifyoudon'ttakecareofit.A.shan'tB.mightnotC.needn'tD.shouldn'tWithsomuchworkonhand,you toseethegamelastnight.A.mustn'tgo B.couldhavegoneC.shouldn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone8.Johnny,you playwiththeknife,you hurtyourself.（ ）A.won't;can't B.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;wouldn'tImissedthebus,soI___gohomeonfoot.A.mustB.mayC.canD.hadto第一单元检测一、选词填空：worldwide/permission/apologize/drown/sadness/wipe/weep/forgive/obvious/turnup/keepone'sword/holdone'sbreath/setoff/remind…of…Youshouldn't