2023高考英语新题型短文改错

高考新题型短文改错一、题型分析.做题原则四不改：单词拼写错误不改；大小写不改；词序错误不改（应从错词或少词方面考虑）；标点符号不改。五原则：忠实原文原则（不改变原文的意愿）；错误的以改动最少为原则；虚词以添加或删除为原则；实词以改变形式为原则；以多改少添加或删除为原则。.短文改错的命题特征（1）试题的立意特征短文改错中的错误虽然大部分都是所谓“语法”错误，但是，这种试题并不是单纯检测写作的成效需要良好的写作程序的支持，而在写作程序中，校验能力是不可缺少的要素。把短文改错当作语法练习是对高考中短文改错的误解。（2）试题的情景特征语言材料通常取自学生自己的作品，或类似学生的作品；内容来自学生身边的常见话题；篇章结构的难易程度符合学生的实际水平；语言明白易懂；基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁难的语句结构。（3）试题的设问特征设问的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻辑。从这三个角度考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性错词情况中，涉及动词的情况最多多词错误中，多余的主要是介词；少词错误中，主要涉及介词或冠词.全国卷I卷近六年考点分布动词名词形容词或副词代词冠词连词介词词形变换数词.习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：Itwasverykindforthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationand...(of)Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminsteadaourselves.(of).句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：TheyaeagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaand...(were)IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.(which)第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。.逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.(their)除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but,and,or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.（and）二.语法填空怎么做？语法填空再细分的话，可以分为两类：（一）已给单词提示题型；（二）未给单词提示题型。具体做法如下：.已给单词提示题型的技巧技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noone/none、other/another等。技巧!1!:技巧!1!:形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和.est,或在词前Imore/less和most/least,且形容词的最高级还要冠以theo技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/tw。的特殊变化形式once/twice技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例:Liouslosthiswalletyesterday,sohewasvery (happiness).在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un,就成了unhappyo.未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧七：定短语结构。技巧七：定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语。例1:Thechildrenwereplayingontheground,enjoying ,dirtybuthappy.从句中的h叩py可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjOyoneself短语,故其答案为themselveso例2:Hisbosswasangryastofirehim.如果"跳过"横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so…asto...,所以，s。是正解。技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例1:Hedidnotdonehisfatherhadaskedhimtodo.审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是whate例2:Thosewanttogotothevillagemustsignhere.经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those,且指人，所以只能填入who,在定语从句中做主语。技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例1:Theusconsistsfiftystates.根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示"由……组成"，所以答案是of。技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：exceptfor,dueto等。例1:MrSmithtookaplanetoLondon oftakingatrain.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有"坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead,以构成介词短语insteadofo例2:Justthen,hesawablackboardinofhim.细心观察,可以看出填人frOnt即可构成infrontof,此题得解。技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and,or,but,so,for,while等，常用的关联短语有both...and...,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等。例1:LittleWangJuncouldnotgotoschool,hisfamilywastoopoor.此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。例2: MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre.横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and,故答案为Botho技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a,an,the之间判断;常用的介词有in,at,on,before,during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的考查还是比较多，如：however,never,yet,much等。例1:Jackielikestodriveat highspeed.这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a,构成atahighspeed,"以高速"开车。例2:OldTom'sgranddaughterusedtovisithimSaturdayafternoon.Saturdayafternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in,而用on才是正解。例3:Itwasonlyonedayleft, ,hisfatherhadnoideatoanswerhim.观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but,所以答案是howevero技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。例:TonytravellingabroadzbutdislikesstayinghomewatchingTV.由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likeso三、七选五怎么做？做七选五时应注意两点：一是答题顺序，即先看选项再看文章；二是解题过程中应注意的关键词，如指示代词、人称代词、连词、和特殊疑问词等。完成句子.如果你能找到一些方法来经常表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften,andyou'IIfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou..直到跟两个学生交谈之后我才发现，有强烈的动机是达到目标的最重要的因素之一。OnlyaftertalkingtotwostudentsdidIdiscoverthathavingstrongmotivationisoneofthebiggestfactorsinreachinggoals..生长在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区，他成为一名足球明星的道路漫长而艰难。RaisedinthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar..发现这门课程很难，她决定转向难度更低的课程。Findingthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel..在高峰时刻开车很累。Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring..试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。众所周知I,他是如此的固执。Itisawasteoftimetryingtopersuadehimtochangehismind.Asisknowntousall,heissostubborn..我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。Themoment/instant/minuteIheardthevoiceOn/Uponhearingthevoice,IknewFatherwascoming..当我递给他礼物卡，告诉他可以用这张卡为家人购买任何生活必需品时，他突然大哭起来。WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitforwhateverhisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears..听到这个消息，他立即就哭了起来。On/Uponhearingthisnews,hebegantocry..然而，长期秘密保存密码本也是很难的。However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong..为了了解更多的中国文化，杰克决定选择中国民族音乐作为选修课。Tolearnmorn0bolitChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse..在这样热的天气喝一杯冷饮是一个好主意。Itisagoodideatohaveacooldrinkonsuchhotday..大部分人住在城市里，不需要干农活养家糊口。Themajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving..你不把这事做完就不准出去。Youaren'tgoingoutuntilyou'vefinishedthis..你能让我和我的同学搭你的车去上学吗？Wouldyoumindgivingmeandmyclassmatealifttoschool?写作能力提升——［句式升级］(3)Thisopportunitywillnotonlymakeyouhappy,butalsosatisfyyourinterestinChineseoperas.(用倒装句式改写)Notonlywillthisopportunitymakeyouhappy,butalsoitwillsatisfyyourinterestinChineseoperas.写作能力提升——［同义句改写］(3)0neofhishobbiesiscollectingstamps.Collectingstampsisoneofhishobbies」用动名词短语作主语改写)(4)Histeacherwasveryangrybecausehecamelate,(用动名词的复合结构作主语改写)HiscomingIrtemadehisteacherveryangry.完成句子.我真的想采访他是因为他不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人，而且是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。IwouldreallyliketointerviewhimbecauseheisnotonlythefirstChinesetogotospacebutalsooneofthegreatestastronautsintheworld..一方面来说，汽车当然很有用，但从另一方面来说，它们也造成了大量污染。Ontheonehand,ofcourse,carsareuseful.Butontheother(hand),theycauseahugeamountofpollution..谢谢你。你给了我能追随我心的希望。Thankyou.You7vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart.2019年212112012018年2121121002017年2130111012016年2011131102015年3121111002014年1140111102013年212112100例题精讲:1.OneofthebiggestculturaldifferenceInoticedwhileIwasinLondonwaswhythepeopleofLondonconductedthemselves.Itseemedthattheytookmanyprideintheircountry.Ialsonoticethattheyalwaysseemedtodresswell,andalwayshadtheirhairandmakeupdo.Idon'tthinkIsawonepersoninsweatpantsduringtheirwholetrip!AttimesIfoundithardertomakethechangebeingintheUStobeinginLondon.PvefoundoutthatAmericansareloud!EvenatthepubsandclubsinLondon,Ifeltlikethatwewerealoudestones!答案：OneofthebiggestculturalqigerenceInoticedwhileIwasinLondonwasJJ differencesItseemedthattheytookItseemedthattheytookmany.muchItseemedthattheytookmany.much”hythepeopleofLondonconductedthemselves,howprideintheircountry.IalsoItseemedthattheytookmany.muchalwayshadtheirhairandmakeupdo.Idon'tthinkIsawonepersoninsweatdonepantsduringtheirwholetrip!AttimesIfounditgrdgrtomakethechangeAmy hard frombeingintheUStobeinginLondon.TvefoundoutthatAmericansareloud!EvenatthepubsandclubsinLondon,Ifeltthatwewerealoudestones!tHe.组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿〃甲壳虫〃乐队。Themusiciansweretoplayjokesoneachotheraswellasplaymusic,mostofwhichwasbasedlooselyontheBeatles..更一般地说，互联网起的作用就好像它是我的记忆一般。（2016•江苏）Moregenerally,theInternetfunctionsasifitweremymemory.完成句子.毫无疑问他喝多了。Itgoeswithoutsayingthathehasdrunktoomuch..当交流变得更有效的时候，无论在哪儿，无论想在什么时间，人们都能够相互联系。Whencommunicationbecomesmoreefficient,peopleareabletocontactoneanothernomatterwheretheyareandatwhatevertimetheywishto..大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。Thefirelastedawholenight,causinggreatdamage..我过去曾是个以自我为中心的人，但是在过去的两年里，我真的变了。Iusedtobeaveryselfcenteredperson,butinthepasttwoyearsIhavereallychanged..很明显，学生们应该为他们的将来做好准备。Itisobvioustothestudentsthattheyshouldgetpreparedfortheirfuture.写作能力提升一一［句式升级］(1)1feelhonouredtobeheretosharewithyoumyopinionsonwhattolearninseniorhighschool.(用it作形式主语改写)Itismyhonourtobeheretosharewithyoumyopinionsonwhattolearninseniorhighschool.(2)Shewassurprisinglyunafraidandseemedtobecuriousaboutwhathewasdoing.出人意料的是，她不害怕，而且对他正在做的事感到好奇。写作能力提升一一［句式升级］(3)ThecoupleweresocuriousaboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptoMadagascarforfurtherresearch.(用倒装句改写)SocuriouswerethecoupleaboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptoMadagascarforfurtherresearch.Youareanadultnowandyouneedtotakeresponsibilityforyouractions.你现在是成年人了，要对自己的行为负责。完成句子.不管有多晚我都等儿子放学回来。Iwillwaitformysoncomingbackfromschoolhoweverlateitis/nomatterhowlateitis..尽管警察认为他最有可能是罪犯，但是因为没有确切的证据，他们也不能逮捕他。Although/Thoughthepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnotarresthim.完成句子.有这么多的作业要去做以至于我们没时间休息。Somuchhomeworkdidwehavetodothatwehadnotimetotakearest..一旦我们有共同的兴趣，友谊便开始了。Oncewehaveacommoninterest,afriendshipcanbegin..虽然这份工作要花大量的时间，但大多数学生都同意这次经历是值得的。Although/Thoughthejobtakesasignificantamountoftime,moststudentsagreethattheexperienceisworthit..如果我当时努力学习的话，我一定会成功的。IfIhadworkedhard/HadIworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded..自从我来到这个新学校已经一个月了。IthasbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschool.2.HiSandra,You'llneverguessoverI'mwritingthisemailfromacave!We'reonholidayinSpainnow.WespentafewdaysinBarcelonafirst.ItfsagreatplacebutwehadagoodtimethoughIdidn'tfeelwelloneday.Anyway,afterweleftBarcelona,wecometospendseveraldaysinGranada.Andguesswhat?Wecouldn*tfindahotelbecausetherewerequitealotoftourist.Thensomeonesaid,“Whynottryingthecavedwellings（住宅）here?"Wethoughthewasjoking,butherewewerereallyinacavedwellingandifswonderfully.Tomorrowwe'regoingtovisitapalaceinGranada.WeTeenjoyingitverymuchthatwedon'twanttoleavethisamazedplace.We*renevergoingtohaveenoughtimeexploreeverything!Takecare!Ben答案：HiSandra,You'llneverguessoVerI'mwritingthisemailfromacave!We'reonholidayinSpainnow.WespentafewdaysinBarcelonafirst.It'sagreatplacebutwehadaandgoodtimethoughIdidn'tfeelwelloneday.Anyway,afterweleftBarcelona,wecometospendseveraldaysinGranada.Andguesswhat?Wecouldn*tfindahotelcamebecausetherewerequitealotoftourist.Thensomeonesaid,“Whynottryingtourists trythecavedwellings（住宅）here?”Wethoughthewasjoking,butherewewerearereallyinacavedwellingandit'swonderfully.Tomorrowwe*regoingtovisitapalacewonderfulinGranadaiWe'reenjoyingitverymuchthatwedon*twanttoleavethisamazedso amazingplace.We*renevergoingtohaveenoughtimeAexploreeverything!JtoTakecare!Ben【例题精讲】Itisessentialtotakeanusefulsummervacationaftertheexam.Therearemanykindsofactivityforustotakepart.First,wecanvisitourrelativesandfriendsorspendahappilytimewithourfamily.Second,seeingafilm,listeningtomusicorhangoutwithourfriendswillalsobeexcited.Third,weshouldtakemoreexercisetokeephealthy.What'smore,we*dbettertoreviewwhatwehadlearnedatschool.Finally,itisnecessaryofustodosomehousework,thatcanhelpourparentsalot.Aboveall,Ihopeallofuscanhaveapleasantvacation.套案.i=i•Itisessentialtotakeanusefulsummervacationaftertheexam.TherearemanykindsofacfiY^yforustotakepartA.First,wecanvisitourrelativesandactivities infriendsorspenda"appilytimewithourfamily.Second,seeingafilm,listeningtohappymusicorhangoutwithourfriendswillalsobeexcited.Third,weshouldtakehanging excitingmoreexercisetokeephealthy.What'smore,we'dbetterreviewwhatwehadhavelearnedatschool.Finally,itisnecessaryofustodosomehousework,thatcanfor whichhelpourparentsalot.Aboveall,Ihopeallofuscanhaveapleasantvacation.Inmysparetime,Ioftenreadsomebookswrittenbyfamouswritersinorabroad.IeverreadChina'sFourGreatClassicalnovelsuchasJourneytotheWest.Beside,IenjoyreadingTangpoetry.IhavebeenwritingfromIwasnineyearsold.IamrememberthefirsttimemyparentsandItalkedaboutmydreamofbecomingwriter.Theylaughedouthappy

whentheyreadtheshortstoryIwriteaboutrobots.TheythinkthatmystoryiswellworthreadandthatIamgoodatwriting.IbelieveIwillachievetheirdream.答案：Inmysparetime,Ioftenreadsomebookswrittenbyfamouswritersinorandabroad.IeverreadChina'sFourGreatClassicalaovqlsuchasJourneytotheWest.novels期两出,IenjoyreadingTangpoetry.Besides -IhavebeenwritingfromIwasnineyearsold.I诂豆rememberthefirsttimesincemyparentsandItalkedaboutmydreamofbecomingAwriter.TheylaughedoutJahappywhentheyreadtheshortstoryIwriteaboutrobots.Theythinkthatmyhappily -wrotestoryiswellworthreadandthatIamgoodatwriting.IbelieveIwillachievereadingtheirdream,my.Therewasafarmerwhosellapoundofbuttertoabaker.Onedaythebakerdecidedtoweighthebuttertoseethathewasgettingapoundandhewasfoundthathewasnot.Thisangeredhimandhetookthefarmerfromcourt.Thejudgeaskedfarmerifhewasusinganymeasure.Thefarmerreplied,“YourHonor,Iaminnocently.Idon*thaveapropermeasure,andIdohaveascale（秤）.“Thejudgeasked,“Thenhowdoyouweighthebutter?”Thefarmerreplied,"YourHonor,longbeforethebakerstartedbuyingbutterfromme,Ihavebeenbuyingapoundofbreadsfromhim.Everydaywhenthebakerbringsthebread,Iputitonthescaleandgiveherthesameweightofbutter.Ifanyonewastoblame,itisthebaker.”答案：Therewasafarmerwhosellapoundofbuttertoabaker.Onedaythebakersolddecidedtoweighthebuttertoseedecidedtoweighthebuttertoseedecidedtoweighthebuttertosee中at hewasgettingapoundandheifVwhetherdecidedtoweighthebuttertoseefoundthathewasnot.Thisangeredhimandhetookthefarmerfromcourt.ThetojudgeaskedAfarmerifhewasusinganymeasure.Thefarmerreplied,“YourtheHonor,Iamipcocently.Idon*thaveapropermeasure,?ndIdohaveascale（秤）.“innocent butThejudgeasked,“Thenhowdoyouweighthebutter?”Thefarmerreplied,“YourHonor,longbeforethebakerstartedbuyingbutterfromme,Ihavebeenbuyingapoundoffromhim.Everydaywhenthebakerbringsthebread,Ibreadputitonthescaleandgiveherthesameweightofbutter.Ifanyonewastoblame,Him —isitisthebaker.”.Myfather,whohadbeenawayonabusinesstrip,willcomeback.ImissedhimtoomuchthatIcouldn'twaittoseeinghimatonce.Myfather'strainwouldarriveat5：30.Tomesurprise,Fathergavemethecallat5：00.Hetoldmenottomeethimatthetrainstationbecausetheheavyrain.Therefore,Ididn*tlistentohim.Thoughitwasrainedcatsanddogs,butIwenttothetrainstation.Themomentwecaughtsightofeachother,allofusweresoexcitedthatwehuggedeachotherwarmlyandtightly.答案：Myfather,whohadbeenawayonabusinesstrip,wil]comeback.Imissed“ " wouldhimtoomuchthatIcouldn'twaittoseeinghimatonce.Myfather'strainwould~so seearriveat5：30.Tomesurprise,Fathergavemethecallat5：00.Hetoldmenotmy atomeethimatthetrainstationbecauseAtheheavyrain.Therefore>Ididnftlistenof Howevertohim.Thoughitwasrainedcatsanddogs,徐文或还Iwenttothetrainstation,raining 河Themomentwecaughtsightofeachother,allofusweresoexcitedthatwebothhuggedeachotherwarmlyandtightly.Myfatherisgoodatanythingpracticallikerepairingawashingmachine.Whensomethingfailtowork,herepairsithimself.Severaldaysbefore,therewassomethingwrongwithourwatermeter（水表）.Myfatherfindstheproblemwasthedeadbattery.Thesuggestingwaywastofixanewwatermeter,thatwouldcost400yuan.Aftertakethewatermeterapart,myfatherthoughttheproblemwaseasilytosolve.Soheboughtabatteryfromonlinestoreanditcostonly14yuan.Withthenewbattery,thewatermeterfinallyworked!WhenIaskedDadwhyhedidn'tcallonarepairman,hesaidhefoundpleasuresinrepairingthings."Inaddition,itisasurvivalskill,“headded.答案:Myfatherisgoodatanythingpracticallikerepairingawashingmachine.Whensomethingfailtowork,herepairsithimself.Severaldaysbefore,therewasfails agofoundsomethingwrongwithourwatermeter（水表）.Myfatherfindstheproblemwasthedeadbattery.Thesuggestingwaywastofixanewwatermeter,tpytwouldcostsuggested whichfoundtaking400yuan.Aftertygethewatermeterapart,myfatherthoughttheproblemwaseasilytosolve.SoheboughtabatteryfromAonlinestoreanditcostonly14yuan.easy antakingWiththenewbattery,thewatermeterfinallyworked!WhenIaskedDadwhyhepleasurepleasurepleasuredidn*tcallbruarepairman,hesaidhefoundpleasuresinrepairingthings."Inaddition,itisasurvivalskill,“headded.pl