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必修第一册练习Unit5LanguagesaroundtheworldDiscoveringUsefulStructures一、语法填空(一)1.Helivesinahouse,infrontof________standsatalltree.2.Sports,________whichyoumaybeweak,meanalotinlife.3.Thisisthepilotwith________mybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.4.Thelittlegirlwroteathank-youlettertothefirefighterby________shewasrescued.5.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveralcultures,eachof________seesitdifferently.6.Ishouldsaythankstomydearfriends,without________helpIwouldn'thaveachievedsuchgreatsuccess.7.Histheoryisthebasison________manytheoriesabouteducationarebuilt.8.Hehastwosons,bothof________arestayingabroad.9.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesepainting,thepriceof________wasveryreasonable.10.Wefinallyreachedthetopofthemountain,________abeautifulrainbowappeared.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)11.Thisisthereason________
heleftuswithouttellinganyone.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)12.Wecametoaplace________wehadneverpaidavisitbefore.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)13.Thearticlemayshocksomesensitivereaders,________Ioffermyapologiesinadvance.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)14.Thetower________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)15.Self-drivingisanarea________
Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)16.Hemadegreatprogress________thebosswasverysatisfied.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)17.Behindmyyardthereisatalltree________manysparrowsstayatnight.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)18.Nextmonth,________
wewillspendourwinterholidaysinourhometown,isapproaching.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)19.Hehandedmeapenwith________Iwrotedownhisphonenumber.(二)用正确的关系副词填空1.Nobodycantakecommandofthesituation________everythingisinamass.(用适当的词填空)2.ThehumanhasenteredtheAIera,________
robotsareusedinordinarylife,bringinggreatconveniencetopeople.3.Pleasetellmethereason________youmissedtheplane.4.I'llneverforgettheday________wemeteachotherlastweek.5.Doyoustillremembertheplace________wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?6.Therewasatime________therewereslavesintheUSA.7.Thisisthehour________
theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.8.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace________
youmayspendyourweekend.9.Idon'tknowthereason________helooksunhappytoday.10.Istillrememberthenight________Ifirstcametothehouse.11.InEnglishclass,ourteacheroftencreatesanenvironment________
wearegiventheopportunitytosolveproblemsourselves.(用适当的的单词填空)12.Ourpacewasslowbecausetheriverfrequentlyhadmanysharpbendsthroughdeepvalleys,________
thewaterseemedtoboil.(用适当的词填空)13.Thereason________heisalwaysmakingthesamemistakeisthatheneverfollowsothers'advice.14.Hewrotealetter________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.15.Therearetworeasons________I'vedecidedtoreadoneofhisletterstotheaudiencenationwide.16.Wehavereachedastage________
wemusttakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.17.I'llneverforgettheday________
Iwonthefirstprizeinthe100-metreraceinschool.二、翻译句子1.它在温暖潮湿的地方长得很好。Itgrowswell____________________________.(where)2.大学时期,曾经有一段时间我每周去看一次电影。________________________________________________________3.我喜欢生活在惠州这样一个空气清新的城市。I'dliketoliveinHuizhou________________theairisfreshandclean.4.比尔在公司处于这样的境遇:要么承认低人一等,要么马上卷铺盖离开。Billwasputintoaposition________________hehadto________accepthewaslessimportant,________packupandleaverightaway.三、阅读理解A阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
TheEnglishlanguagehasalotofwordswhichcanbeusedinmanydifferentwaysandinmanydifferentexpressions.
Onesuchexampleisthewordmatter.Infact,mattercanmeanjustaboutanything.ItcouldbeoneofthemostusefulwordsintheEnglishlanguage.
Let'sgettotheheartofthematter—amatterofprinciple(原则).
Ifsomeonesaysthatyouowe(欠)him$50,butyoudon't,afriendmightsay,"Well,youcouldpayhimthe$50.It'snotthatmuchmoney.Thenyouwon'thavetohearhimsayitanymore."Butifyoudonotowehimthemoney,donotpayhimthemoney.It'samatterofprinciple.
Thereisanotherwaytousethewordmatter.Butbecarefulwithyourchoiceofwords.
Ifyouasksomeone,"What'sthematter?"itshowsyouareworriedabouttheotherperson.Butsaying,"What'sthematterwithyou?"hasacompletelydifferentmeaning.Anditusuallysoundsrude(粗鲁的).Infact,whenyousay,"What'sthematterwithyou?"youaresuggestingthatthepersondidsomethingwrongorstupid.
Anotherexpressionthatcouldsoundrudeistosay,"Itdoesn'tmattertome."Here,itdependsonthecontext,andhowyousayit.
Let'ssayyoutellsomeonethatafriendjustgotabigraiseatwork.Thatpersonanswerswith,"Itdoesn'tmattertome."Here,itmeansheorshedoesnotcare.Anditsoundsrude.
Butsaying,"Oh,youpickwhereweeatdinner.Itdoesn'tmattertome."doesnotsoundrude.Inthissituation,"itdoesn'tmatter"showsyouareeasy-going(随和的).
Nomatterhowyoulookatitandwhatyousay,matterisaveryusefulword.Andit'sonlyamatteroftimebeforeyouwillbecomeanexpertontheuseofmatter.(1)Whatistheauthor'ssuggestioninParagraph4?A.Everypennycounts.B.Sticktowhatisright.C.Followyourfriend'sadvice.D.Becarefulwhenmakingfriends.(2)Theunderlinedword"context"inthetextprobablymeans"________".A.choiceB.personC.situationD.answer(3)Theauthordevelopsthetextmainlyby________.A.usingexamplesB.givinginstructionsC.describinghisexperiencesD.discussingresearchfindingsB阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Todevelopone'stasteinEnglish,themosteffectivewayistoreadEnglishbooksextensively.Yetonemaybeatalosstochoosetheappropriatebooks,especiallyasabeginner.AsanativeSpanish,Iwouldliketosharesomeofmyexperience.
MyfirstEnglishnovelwasJaneAusten'sPrideandPrejudice,recommendedbymanyEnglishteachersandprofessorsasanidealbookforEnglishlearners.Butmyexperiencewassomewhatdisastrous.Ihadgreatdifficultyinunderstandingthenovel,letaloneenjoyingit.It'snotthevocabularythattroubledme,butratherthewayAustenconstructssentences,andherwayofthinking,whichseemedtooremotetomeatthattime.MyfadingenthusiasmwasmuchrecoveredafterreadingHemingway'snovelAFarewelltoArms.Nolongandcomplicatedsentences.AndIparticularlylikedhisbriefandstraightforward(简洁的)style.Somyfirstsuggestionis,asabeginner,you'dbetterchoosecontemporarynovelsinsteadofclassicalones.
However,ifyourestrictyourselftonovelsyouwillmissalotoftreasures.Englishessayscanatonceinformyou,entertainyou,andimproveyourtasteinEnglish.ThebestexampleisBertrandRussell'swork.Itslanguageisplain,yetyoucannothelpfeelingtheeleganceandthepeculiarsenseofhumor.Hissimplelanguageenableshisphilosophywithinthereachofordinarypeople.Herecomesmysecondsuggestion—essaysareindispensable.
Neverfollowothers'recommendationsandopinionsblindly,howeverfamousorinfluential(有很大影响的)thepersonmightbe.Weshouldbeopentovariousideas,butalwaysthinkanddetermineforourselves.Asasayinggoes,oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison.Withthatinmind,weareboundtofindoutourfavoritewritersthroughreadinganddevelopourfinetasteinEnglish.(1)WhatmadethefirstEnglishnovelthattheauthorreadhardtounderstand?A.Complicatedconversations.B.SentencesandAusten'sthinkingpattern.C.Theold-fashionedvocabulary.D.Notknowingthesocialbackground.(2)Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"indispensable"?A.NecessaryB.ChallengingC.RelevantD.Inspirational(3)Whatadvicedoestheauthorgiveinthelastparagraph?A.Choosebooksthatchallengeusmost.B.Readbooksthatareinstructive.C.Don'tbeaffectedbyothers'choices.D.Comparebooksbeforebuying.(4)Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Givecommentsonliteratureworks.B.TellbeginnershowtochooseEnglishbooks.C.EncouragepeopletoreadmoreEnglishbooks.D.RecommendfirstclassbookstoEnglishlearners.C(2021高二下·江西月考)Asweallknow,anycountrieshavetheirownlanguages.Evenpeoplespeakingthesamelanguagehavedistinetdialectsthatarerootedintheirhistoryandculture,sowhetheryousay"soda"or"pop"mayrevealwhatcountryandwhatregionyouarefrom.WhatyoucallthenightbeforeHalloweenmaytietoyourreligiousbeliefs.Whatkindofslang(俚语)youusemaycomefromthecustomsofthecommunityyougrewupin.Languagesalsoshowconnectionsbetweenusandournaturalenvironments.Plantsandanimalsthataregivennamesinanylanguagearegenerallythosethatarerelevanttopeoplespeakingthelanguage.Therelevancecomesfromthewaythatthepeoplehaveinteracted(交互)withtheanimalsandplants,insomecasesovercenturies.Whilewemightthinkoflanguagesashavingastereotypedsetofwordsandrulesthatwelearninschool,infactlanguagesarealwaysdeveloping.Newwordsappearwhileothersfalloutofuseandpronunciationchangesovertimeasdoesthemeaningofwords.Peoplealsoborrowwordsfromotherlanguagestocomplement(补充)theirownvocabulary.Ourabilitytolearnlanguagesdevelopswhenweareyoung.Soundsheardasbabies,oreveninthewomb(子宫),setthestageforlanguagelearninglater.Babycooing(喔啊声)istheresultofbabiesanalysisofthelanguagesspokentothem.Babiesarepracticingthepronunciationandrecognitionofsoundsthattheyneedforcommunication.Childrenexposedtodifferentlanguagesearlyinlifeandgrowingupwithvariouskindsoflanguagesaroundthemalwaysdevelopbettercognitive(认知的)functions,suchastheabilitytofocusandignoredistractions(使人分心的事).Languagesareasdiverseasthecommunitiesthatspeakthemandeachoftheabout7,000worldlanguagesisapieceofevidenceofacommunity'suniquehumanexperience.Yet,manylanguagesaroundtheworldareendangeredandasmanyashalfoftheworld'slanguagescouldgosilentbytheendofthiscentury.Thereasonsarethatthespeakersalwaysreceivesocialinequalitiesanddisrespectfromothersandthussodotheirlanguage.(1)WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A.Languagesareinfluencedbyourhabits.B.Religionplaysakeyroleinlanguages.C.Languagesrevealwhoweareashumans.D.Languagesvaryfromcountrytocountry.(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stereotyped"probablymean?A.New.B.Fixed.C.Changing.D.Complete.(3)Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Babiesenjoythemselvesbycooing.B.Webegintolearnlanguagesbeforewewereborn.C.Babieslearnthepronunciationandsoundsquickly.D.Childrenbenefitalotfromearlyexposuretolanguages.(4)Whywillmanylanguagesintheworldgosilent?A.Theyarenotworthspeakingfromnowon.B.Theofficiallanguagesarealwaysrespected.C.Thespeakerschoosetospeakpopularlanguages.D.Thespeakers'socialpositionschangefortheworse.D(2020高一上·上海期中)Thedeathoflanguagesisnotanewphenomenon.Languagesusuallyhavearelativelyshortlifespanaswellasaveryhighdeathrate.Onlyafew,includingEgyptian,Chinese,Greek,Latin,havelastedmorethan2,000years.Whatisnew,however,isthespeedatwhichtheyaredyingout.Europe'scolonialconquestscausedasharpdeclineinlinguisticdiversity,eliminatingatleast15percentofalllanguagesspokenatthetime.Overthelast300years,Europehaslostadozen,andAustraliahasonly20leftofthe250spokenattheendofthe18thcentury.Theriseofnation-stateshasalsobeendecisiveinselectingandconsolidatingnationallanguagesandsideliningothers.Bymakinggreateffortstoestablishanofficiallanguageineducation,themediaandthecivilservice,nationalgovernmentshavedeliberatelytriedtoeliminateminoritylanguages.Thisprocessoflinguisticstandardizationhasbeenboostedbyindustrializationandscientificprogress,whichhaveimposednewmethodsofcommunicationthatareswift,straightforwardandpractical.Languagediversitycametobeseenasanobstacletotradeandthespreadofknowledge.Monolingualismbecameanideal.Morerecently,theinternationalizationoffinancialmarkets,thespreadofinformationbyelectronicmediaandotheraspectsofglobalizationhaveintensifiedthethreatto"small"languages.AlanguagenotontheInternetisalanguagethat"nolongerexists''inthemodernworld.Itisoutofthegame.Theseriouseffectsofthedeathoflanguagesareevident.Firstofall,itispossiblethatifweallendedupspeakingthesamelanguage,ourbrainswouldlosesomeoftheirnaturalcapacityforlinguisticinventiveness.Wewouldneverbeabletofigureouttheoriginsofhumanlanguageorresolvethemysteryof"thefirstlanguage".Aseachlanguagedies,achapterofhumanhistorycloses.Multilingualismisthemostaccuratereflectionofmulticulturalism.Thedestructionofthefirstwillinevitablyleadtothelossofthesecond.Imposingalanguagewithoutanylinkstoapeople'scultureandwayoflifestiflestheexpressionoftheircollectivegenius.Alanguageisnotonlyusedforthemaininstrumentofhumancommunication.Italsoexpressestheworldvisionofthosewhospeakit,theirwaysofusingknowledge.Tosafeguardlanguagesisanurgentmatter.(1)Whichofthefollowingdoesnotcontributetothedeathoflanguages?A.ColonialconquestsofEuropeB.TheboomofhumanpopulationC.AdvancesinscienceandindustrializationD.Theriseofnation-states(2)Theunderlinedword"stifles"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans"".A.boostsB.fuelsC.imposesD.kills(3)Theseriouseffectsofthedeathoflanguagesincludeallexceptthat.A.PeoplewouldfailtounderstandhowlanguagesoriginatedB.LanguagediversitywouldbecomeanobstacletoglobalizationC.MonolingualismwouldleadtothelossofmulticulturalismD.Humanbrainswouldbecomelesscreativelinguistically(4)Whatistheauthorspurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainthereasonswhylanguagesaredyingout.B.Towarnpeopleofthenegativeaspectsofglobalization.C.Tocallpeople'sattentiontotheurgencyoflanguagepreservation.D.Toarguehowimportantitisforpeopletospeakmorelanguages.四、(2021高三下·黄冈月考)任务型阅读LanguageLearningLearninganewlanguagecanbetrickyatanyage.Butinarecentstudy,scientistshavepinpointedtheexactageatwhichyourchancesofreachingfluencyinanewlanguageseemtoquicklydropoff:10.DoesthismeanyoushouldquityourFrenchclassifyou'reolderthan10?Non!17.
Itfoundthatit's"nearlyimpossible"toreachfluencyifyoustartlearningalanguageafterage10.That'snotbecauselanguageskillsstarttogodownhill."You'restilllearningfast,"saysJoshuaHartshorne,oneofthestudy'scoauthors."It'sjustthatyourunoutoftime,becauseyourabilitytolearnstartsdroppingataround17or18yearsold."Peoplewhostartlearninganewlanguageafterage10maystillbecomequitegood,theauthorssay.18.Kidsmaybebetterthanadultsatlearningnewlanguagesformanyreasons.Children'sbrainsaremoreadaptablethanthoseofadults.19."Alllearninginvolvesthebrainchanging,"Hartshornesays."Children'sbrainsseemtobealotmoregoodatchanging."Kidsmayalsobemorewillingthanadultstotrynewthings.Andwhileadultstendtofallbackontherulesandpatternsoftheirfirstlanguage,kidsareabletoapproachanewonewithablankslate.20.
Itpromisedtoguesspeople'snativelanguage,dialect,andhomecountry,basedontheirresponsestoEnglishgrammarquestions.Attheendofthequiz,peopleenteredtheiractualnativelanguage.Theyalsoreportedifandwhentheyhadlearnedanyotherlanguagesandwheretheyhadlived.Nearly670,000peopletookthequiz.Analyzingpeople'sresponsesandgrammarmistakesallowedthemtodrawconclusionsaboutlanguagelearning.Thefindingsalsoofferideasforadultshopingtopickupanewlanguage.21.Movingtoaplacewhereyourchosenlanguageisspokenallthetimeisthebestwayforadultstolearn.Learnersofallagescansearchoutnativespeakersintheircommunitytotalkwith.Bycreatinganimmersiveenvironment,it'spossibletobecomegoodatspeakinganewlanguage.A.Nowthat'sworthtalkingabout!B.Buttheyareunlikelytobecomefluent.C.ThestudyappearedinthejournalCognition.D.Forthestudy,theresearcherscreatedanonlinequiz.E.Thismeansthey'rebetterabletorespondtonewinformation.F.ThisgaveresearchershugeamountsofdatafromEnglishspeakersofmanyagesandbackgrounds.G.Researchersfoundthatpeopledidbetterwhentheylearnedbyimmersionratherthanonlyinaclassroom.五、(2018高一下·江苏月考)完形填空
Masteryofalanguageisoneofthegreatest
1
thatonecaneverhave.Manypeoplehaveapassion(激情)forlearninglanguages.Humanlanguageevolve(进化)fromhandgesturesandothersignsthatpeopleusedto
2
witheachother.Ancientpeoplestartedwithdrawing
3
aboutwhattheywantedtosay,whichlateronevolvedintosomelanguages,afterwhichmanyotherdialects(方言)havecomeinto
4
.Withover2,700differentlanguagesand7,000dialects
5
allovertheworld,theworldhasmanydifferentculturesthat
6
speaktheirnativedialects.
Onesuch
7
thatisevenolderthantheholybookQuran(thefinestworkinclassicalArabic
8
isArabic.Itisknowntobeoneofthemost
9
spokenlanguages,asover300millionpeoplespeakinthistongue.Incaseyouwanttolearnit,thentherearemanyArabictranslationservicesthat
10
peoplehowtoactuallyspeakthelanguage.Thislanguagealonehashundredsofdifferentdialectsthatareusedbypeopledependingonwhat
11
theyareat.Itis
12
thatpeoplewhospeak
13
languagesfinditdifficulttocommunicatewitheachotherbecauseofthedifferenceindialect
14
justlikeeveryotherlanguage,thislanguagealsohasastandardlanguagewhichisusedinbroadcasts,newspapers,magazinesandevenin
15
thatteachArabicastheirsecondlanguage.
Soifyouwantto
16
whatapersonwhohasadifferentArabicdialectistryingtosay,youwouldneedthe
17
ofArabictranslationservices.Asmentionedearlier,theyteachthislanguage;however,youneedtohaveenoughtimetolearnit
18
itisalsoknowntobeoneofthemost
19
languagesthatonecanlearn.Infact,manyuniversitystudentswhomajorinthislanguagegethelpfromtheseagencies,makingit
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forthemtolearnit.1.A.waysB.skillsC.expressionsD.means2.A.communicateB.fightC.competeD.exchange3.A.numbersB.circlesC.mapsD.pictures4.A.sightB.effectC.fashionD.action5.A.concernedB.usefulC.presentD.familiar6.A.meanwhileB.stillC.seldomD.never7.A.bookB.gameC.customD.language8.A.literatureB.styleC.theoryD.influence9.A.probablyB.necessarilyC.widelyD.loudly10.A.adviseB.teachC.explainD.remind11.A.levelB.lengthC.ageD.location12.A.surprisingB.comfortingC.disappointingD.challenging13.A.foreignB.nativeC.similarD.various14.A.thereforeB.howeverC.besidesD.or15.A.schoolsB.restaurantsC.hospitalsD.supermarkets16.A.repeatB.forecastC.researchD.understand17.A.listB.helpC.sharingD.review18.A.becauseB.thoughC.unlessD.until19.A.importantB.formalC.difficultD.lively20.A.saferB.cheaperC.freerD.easier六、语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
PeopleallovertheworldknowthatChinais________
(wide)well-knownforitsancientcivilisation.Inthispassage,wewillintroducetheChinesewritingsystem.
Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstolonggu.Duringthattime,symbols________
(carve)onanimalbonesandshells.BytheShangDynasty,thesesymbols________
(become)awell-developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,itdevelopedintodifferentformsbecausetheChinesepeopleweredividedgeographically,________
(lead)tomanyvarietiesofdialectsand________
(character).However,EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry________
theChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.ThatwritingsystemwasveryimportantinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.
WrittenChinesehasalsobecome________
importantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworks________
(write)byChineseinancienttimes.NowtheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseen________
anartform—Chinesecalligraphy.
AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina'scultureandhistorythroughthis________
(amaze)language.七、改错(2019高一下·岳阳月考)假设英语课上老师要求你的同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同学的以下作文。文中共有10处错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除、修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/\),并在其下写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下面划一横线,并在该词下写出修改后的词。
MostpeopleintheUnitedStatesdon'tlearntospeakthesecondlanguage.Highschoolsteachlanguages.Andveryfewstudentslearntospeakgood.Whydon'tAmericansspeakotherlanguages?TheUnitedStatesareaverylargecountry.AmericanscantravelalongdistanceandnotleavetheUnitedStates.Theydonotneedlearnasecondlanguage.AndmanypeopleinotherpartoftheworldspokeEnglish.IfAmericanstraveltoothercountries,theycanspeakEnglishinhere,too.ButsomeAmericansthinkthatisamistaketospeakEnglishonly.Theybelieveitisveryimportantlytolearnasecondlanguage.参考答案一、(一)1【答案】which【解析】句意:他住在一所房子里,房子前面有一棵很高的树。根据句意和结构可知,此句为定语从句,关系词前有介词of,且先行词是“house”,修饰的是物,故用关系代词which。故填which。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。2【答案】without【解析】句意:没有运动,你可能会很虚弱,但运动对你的生活意义重大。此处是witiout+which引导的非限制性定语从句,故答案为without。【点评】考查介词,本题涉及“witioutwhich”引导的非限制性定语从句。3【答案】whom【解析】句意:这就是我兄弟和他一起工作十年的飞行员。在本句中thepilot为先行词,空中的词在定语从句中作介词with的宾语,指代人,故填whom。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及“withwhom”引导的限制性定语从句。4【答案】whom【解析】句意:小女孩给救出她的消防队员写了一封感谢信。分析句子可知,此处为定语从句的关系词,先行词是firefighter指人,它在从句中作宾语,应使用关系代词who或that,但who和that的前面不能有介词,在介词后须用whom指代先行词。故填whom。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及“by+whom”引导的限制性定语从句。5【答案】which【解析】句意:英语是多个文化共同使用的语言,每个文化看待这门语言都是不同的。结合句意,分析句子结构可知此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词severalcultures,且空前有复合介词eachof,故填which。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句。6【答案】whose【解析】句意:我应该感谢我亲爱的朋友们,没有他们的帮助,我就不会取得如此巨大的成功。非限制性定语从句的先行词friends,指人,在非限制性定语从句中关系代词作名词help的定语,所以要用关系代词whose,故填whose。【点评】考查非限制性定语从句,本题涉及关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句。7【答案】which【解析】句意:他的理论是许多教育理论的基础。on
manytheoriesabouteducationarebuilt是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词thebasis,在从句中作介词on的宾语,故填which。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及“onwhich”引导的限制性定语从句。8【答案】whom【解析】句意:他有两个儿子,都在国外。分析句子可知,本句为复合句,含有非限制性定语从句。先行词为twosons,在从句中,做介词of的宾语,结合关系代词的用法,先行词指人,作宾语时用whom。故填whom。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及关系代词whom引导的非限制性定从句。9【答案】which【解析】句意:最近我买了一幅古老的中国画,价格非常合理。这是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是ancientChinesepainting,price与painting是所属关系,即那副画的价格,whoseprice=thepriceofwhich,故填which。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及“ofwhich”引导的非限制性定语从句。10【答案】where/abovewhich【解析】句意:我们终于到达了山顶,在那里/上面一道美丽的彩虹出现了。
abeautifulrainbowappeared.是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词thetopofthemountain,在从句中作地点状语,因此可用关系副词where,或者介词above+which。因此答案为:where/abovewhich。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句,或者above+which引导的非限制性定语从句。11【答案】why/forwhich【解析】句意:就是为什么他没告诉任何人就离开了我们。
heleftuswithouttellinganyone.是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词thereason,在从句中作原因状语,故填关系副词why,相当于forwhich。因此答案为:why/forwhich。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及why/forwhich引导的限制性定语从句。12【答案】where/towhich【解析】句意:我们来到一个从未来过的地方。
wehadneverpaidavisitbefore.是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词aplace,在从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where;同时payavisittoaplace是固定短语“参观某处”,因此也可用towhich引导,所以答案为:where/towhich。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及where/towhich引导的限制性定语从句。13【答案】towhom【解析】句意:towhom这篇文章可能会让一些敏感的读者感到震惊,我提前向他们道歉。
Ioffermyapologiesinadvance是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词somesensitivereaders,定语从句中运用了offerapologiestosb固定短语,因此答案为towhom。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及towhom引导的非限制性定语从句。14【答案】where/fromwhich【解析】句意:人们能看到好风景的塔在山上。
peoplecanhaveagoodview是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词thetower,在从句中作地点状语,故填where,在此相当于fromwhich。因此答案为where/fromwhich。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及where/fromwhich引导的限制性定语从句。15【答案】where/inwhich【解析】句意:句意:无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。
Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词为area,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,相当于inwhich,因此答案为where/inwhich。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及where/inwhich引导的限制性定语从句。16【答案】withwhich【解析】句意:他取得了很大的进步,老板对此很满意。
thebosswasverysatisfied.是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词progress,同时
besatisfiedwith固定短语,“对......感到满意”,先行词作介词with的宾语,因此答案为withwhich。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及withwhich引导的限制性定语从句。17【答案】where/inwhich【解析】句意:在我的院子后面有一棵高大的树,许多麻雀在那里过夜。
manysparrowsstayatnight是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词atalltree,在从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where,,在从句中相当于inwhich。因此答案为:where/inwhich。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及where/inwhich引导的限制性定语从句。18【答案】when/duringwhich【解析】句意:下个月,那时我们将在家乡过寒假,就要到了。
wewillspendourwinterholidaysinourhometown是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词nextmonth,在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when,或者介词during+关系代词which,因此答案为:when/duringwhich。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及关系副词when引导的非限制性定语从句,或者duringwhich引导的非限制性定语从句。19【答案】which【解析】句意:他递给我一支笔,我用这支笔记下了他的电话号码。with
Iwrotedownhisphonenumber.是限制性定语从句,先行词是apen,在从句中作介词with的宾语,用关系代词which,故填which。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句。(二)1【答案】where【解析】句意:没有人能控制一切都是一团糟的局面。句中先行词为situation,在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。2【答案】when【解析】句意:人类已经进入AI时代,在这个时代,机器人被应用于日常生活中,给人们带来很大的便利。
robotsareusedinordinarylife是非限制性定语从句,先行词是theAIera,且空处在定语从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when,因此填when。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及关系副词when引导的非限制性定语从句。3【答案】why【解析】句意:请告诉我你错过飞机的原因。
youmissedtheplane是限制性定语从句,先行词是thereason,在从句中作原因状语,应用关系副词why,故填why。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及关系副词why引导的限制性定语从句。4【答案】when【解析】句意:我永远不会忘记我们上星期见面的那一天。
wemeteachotherlastweek是限制性定语从句,先行词是theday,在此句中作时间状语,故填when。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及关系副词when引导的限制性定语从句。5【答案】where【解析】句意:你还记得我们参观画展的那个地方吗?
wevisitedthepaintingexhibition是限制性定语从句,先行词是theplace,在从句中作地点状语,故填where。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。6【答案】when【解析】句意:从前美国有奴隶。
therewereslavesintheUSA是限制性定语从句,先行词是atime,在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when,故填when。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及关系副词when引导的限制性定语从句。7【答案】when【解析】句意:这个时候这个地方总是挤满了妇女和儿童。
theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren是限制性定语从句,先行词是thehour,在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when
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