UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLD第2课时DISCOVERINGUSEFULSTRUCTURES（备作业）2021-2022学年高一英语系列（人教版2019必修第一册）

必修第一册练习Unit5LanguagesaroundtheworldDiscoveringUsefulStructures一、语法填空（一）1.Helivesinahouse,infrontof________standsatalltree.2.Sports,________whichyoumaybeweak,meanalotinlife.3.Thisisthepilotwith________mybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.4.Thelittlegirlwroteathank-youlettertothefirefighterby________shewasrescued.5.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveralcultures,eachof________seesitdifferently.6.Ishouldsaythankstomydearfriends,without________helpIwouldn'thaveachievedsuchgreatsuccess.7.Histheoryisthebasison________manytheoriesabouteducationarebuilt.8.Hehastwosons,bothof________arestayingabroad.9.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesepainting,thepriceof________wasveryreasonable.10.Wefinallyreachedthetopofthemountain,________abeautifulrainbowappeared.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)11.Thisisthereason________

heleftuswithouttellinganyone.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)12.Wecametoaplace________wehadneverpaidavisitbefore.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)13.Thearticlemayshocksomesensitivereaders,________Ioffermyapologiesinadvance.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)14.Thetower________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)15.Self-drivingisanarea________

Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)16.Hemadegreatprogress________thebosswasverysatisfied.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)17.Behindmyyardthereisatalltree________manysparrowsstayatnight.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)18.Nextmonth,________

wewillspendourwinterholidaysinourhometown,isapproaching.(填关系词或“介词+关系代词”)19.Hehandedmeapenwith________Iwrotedownhisphonenumber.（二）用正确的关系副词填空1.Nobodycantakecommandofthesituation________everythingisinamass.(用适当的词填空)2.ThehumanhasenteredtheAIera,________

robotsareusedinordinarylife,bringinggreatconveniencetopeople.3.Pleasetellmethereason________youmissedtheplane.4.I'llneverforgettheday________wemeteachotherlastweek.5.Doyoustillremembertheplace________wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?6.Therewasatime________therewereslavesintheUSA.7.Thisisthehour________

theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.8.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace________

youmayspendyourweekend.9.Idon'tknowthereason________helooksunhappytoday.10.Istillrememberthenight________Ifirstcametothehouse.11.InEnglishclass,ourteacheroftencreatesanenvironment________

wearegiventheopportunitytosolveproblemsourselves.（用适当的的单词填空）12.Ourpacewasslowbecausetheriverfrequentlyhadmanysharpbendsthroughdeepvalleys,________

thewaterseemedtoboil.(用适当的词填空)13.Thereason________heisalwaysmakingthesamemistakeisthatheneverfollowsothers'advice.14.Hewrotealetter________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.15.Therearetworeasons________I'vedecidedtoreadoneofhisletterstotheaudiencenationwide.16.Wehavereachedastage________

wemusttakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.17.I'llneverforgettheday________

Iwonthefirstprizeinthe100-metreraceinschool.二、翻译句子1.它在温暖潮湿的地方长得很好。Itgrowswell____________________________.(where)2.大学时期，曾经有一段时间我每周去看一次电影。________________________________________________________3.我喜欢生活在惠州这样一个空气清新的城市。I'dliketoliveinHuizhou________________theairisfreshandclean.4.比尔在公司处于这样的境遇：要么承认低人一等，要么马上卷铺盖离开。Billwasputintoaposition________________hehadto________accepthewaslessimportant,________packupandleaverightaway.三、阅读理解A阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

TheEnglishlanguagehasalotofwordswhichcanbeusedinmanydifferentwaysandinmanydifferentexpressions.

Onesuchexampleisthewordmatter.Infact,mattercanmeanjustaboutanything.ItcouldbeoneofthemostusefulwordsintheEnglishlanguage.

Let'sgettotheheartofthematter—amatterofprinciple(原则).

Ifsomeonesaysthatyouowe(欠)him$50,butyoudon't,afriendmightsay,"Well,youcouldpayhimthe$50.It'snotthatmuchmoney.Thenyouwon'thavetohearhimsayitanymore."Butifyoudonotowehimthemoney,donotpayhimthemoney.It'samatterofprinciple.

Thereisanotherwaytousethewordmatter.Butbecarefulwithyourchoiceofwords.

Ifyouasksomeone,"What'sthematter?"itshowsyouareworriedabouttheotherperson.Butsaying,"What'sthematterwithyou?"hasacompletelydifferentmeaning.Anditusuallysoundsrude(粗鲁的).Infact,whenyousay,"What'sthematterwithyou?"youaresuggestingthatthepersondidsomethingwrongorstupid.

Anotherexpressionthatcouldsoundrudeistosay,"Itdoesn'tmattertome."Here,itdependsonthecontext,andhowyousayit.

Let'ssayyoutellsomeonethatafriendjustgotabigraiseatwork.Thatpersonanswerswith,"Itdoesn'tmattertome."Here,itmeansheorshedoesnotcare.Anditsoundsrude.

Butsaying,"Oh,youpickwhereweeatdinner.Itdoesn'tmattertome."doesnotsoundrude.Inthissituation,"itdoesn'tmatter"showsyouareeasy-going(随和的).

Nomatterhowyoulookatitandwhatyousay,matterisaveryusefulword.Andit'sonlyamatteroftimebeforeyouwillbecomeanexpertontheuseofmatter.（1）Whatistheauthor'ssuggestioninParagraph4?A.Everypennycounts.B.Sticktowhatisright.C.Followyourfriend'sadvice.D.Becarefulwhenmakingfriends.（2）Theunderlinedword"context"inthetextprobablymeans"________".A.choiceB.personC.situationD.answer（3）Theauthordevelopsthetextmainlyby________.A.usingexamplesB.givinginstructionsC.describinghisexperiencesD.discussingresearchfindingsB阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Todevelopone'stasteinEnglish,themosteffectivewayistoreadEnglishbooksextensively.Yetonemaybeatalosstochoosetheappropriatebooks,especiallyasabeginner.AsanativeSpanish,Iwouldliketosharesomeofmyexperience.

MyfirstEnglishnovelwasJaneAusten'sPrideandPrejudice,recommendedbymanyEnglishteachersandprofessorsasanidealbookforEnglishlearners.Butmyexperiencewassomewhatdisastrous.Ihadgreatdifficultyinunderstandingthenovel,letaloneenjoyingit.It'snotthevocabularythattroubledme,butratherthewayAustenconstructssentences,andherwayofthinking,whichseemedtooremotetomeatthattime.MyfadingenthusiasmwasmuchrecoveredafterreadingHemingway'snovelAFarewelltoArms.Nolongandcomplicatedsentences.AndIparticularlylikedhisbriefandstraightforward(简洁的)style.Somyfirstsuggestionis,asabeginner,you'dbetterchoosecontemporarynovelsinsteadofclassicalones.

However,ifyourestrictyourselftonovelsyouwillmissalotoftreasures.Englishessayscanatonceinformyou,entertainyou,andimproveyourtasteinEnglish.ThebestexampleisBertrandRussell'swork.Itslanguageisplain,yetyoucannothelpfeelingtheeleganceandthepeculiarsenseofhumor.Hissimplelanguageenableshisphilosophywithinthereachofordinarypeople.Herecomesmysecondsuggestion—essaysareindispensable.

Neverfollowothers'recommendationsandopinionsblindly,howeverfamousorinfluential(有很大影响的)thepersonmightbe.Weshouldbeopentovariousideas,butalwaysthinkanddetermineforourselves.Asasayinggoes,oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison.Withthatinmind,weareboundtofindoutourfavoritewritersthroughreadinganddevelopourfinetasteinEnglish.（1）WhatmadethefirstEnglishnovelthattheauthorreadhardtounderstand?A.Complicatedconversations.B.SentencesandAusten'sthinkingpattern.C.Theold-fashionedvocabulary.D.Notknowingthesocialbackground.（2）Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"indispensable"?A.NecessaryB.ChallengingC.RelevantD.Inspirational（3）Whatadvicedoestheauthorgiveinthelastparagraph?A.Choosebooksthatchallengeusmost.B.Readbooksthatareinstructive.C.Don'tbeaffectedbyothers'choices.D.Comparebooksbeforebuying.（4）Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Givecommentsonliteratureworks.B.TellbeginnershowtochooseEnglishbooks.C.EncouragepeopletoreadmoreEnglishbooks.D.RecommendfirstclassbookstoEnglishlearners.C（2021高二下·江西月考）Asweallknow,anycountrieshavetheirownlanguages.Evenpeoplespeakingthesamelanguagehavedistinetdialectsthatarerootedintheirhistoryandculture,sowhetheryousay"soda"or"pop"mayrevealwhatcountryandwhatregionyouarefrom.WhatyoucallthenightbeforeHalloweenmaytietoyourreligiousbeliefs.Whatkindofslang(俚语)youusemaycomefromthecustomsofthecommunityyougrewupin.Languagesalsoshowconnectionsbetweenusandournaturalenvironments.Plantsandanimalsthataregivennamesinanylanguagearegenerallythosethatarerelevanttopeoplespeakingthelanguage.Therelevancecomesfromthewaythatthepeoplehaveinteracted(交互)withtheanimalsandplants,insomecasesovercenturies.Whilewemightthinkoflanguagesashavingastereotypedsetofwordsandrulesthatwelearninschool,infactlanguagesarealwaysdeveloping.Newwordsappearwhileothersfalloutofuseandpronunciationchangesovertimeasdoesthemeaningofwords.Peoplealsoborrowwordsfromotherlanguagestocomplement(补充)theirownvocabulary.Ourabilitytolearnlanguagesdevelopswhenweareyoung.Soundsheardasbabies,oreveninthewomb(子宫),setthestageforlanguagelearninglater.Babycooing(喔啊声)istheresultofbabiesanalysisofthelanguagesspokentothem.Babiesarepracticingthepronunciationandrecognitionofsoundsthattheyneedforcommunication.Childrenexposedtodifferentlanguagesearlyinlifeandgrowingupwithvariouskindsoflanguagesaroundthemalwaysdevelopbettercognitive(认知的)functions,suchastheabilitytofocusandignoredistractions(使人分心的事).Languagesareasdiverseasthecommunitiesthatspeakthemandeachoftheabout7,000worldlanguagesisapieceofevidenceofacommunity'suniquehumanexperience.Yet,manylanguagesaroundtheworldareendangeredandasmanyashalfoftheworld'slanguagescouldgosilentbytheendofthiscentury.Thereasonsarethatthespeakersalwaysreceivesocialinequalitiesanddisrespectfromothersandthussodotheirlanguage.（1）WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A.Languagesareinfluencedbyourhabits.B.Religionplaysakeyroleinlanguages.C.Languagesrevealwhoweareashumans.D.Languagesvaryfromcountrytocountry.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stereotyped"probablymean?A.New.B.Fixed.C.Changing.D.Complete.（3）Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Babiesenjoythemselvesbycooing.B.Webegintolearnlanguagesbeforewewereborn.C.Babieslearnthepronunciationandsoundsquickly.D.Childrenbenefitalotfromearlyexposuretolanguages.（4）Whywillmanylanguagesintheworldgosilent?A.Theyarenotworthspeakingfromnowon.B.Theofficiallanguagesarealwaysrespected.C.Thespeakerschoosetospeakpopularlanguages.D.Thespeakers'socialpositionschangefortheworse.D（2020高一上·上海期中）Thedeathoflanguagesisnotanewphenomenon.Languagesusuallyhavearelativelyshortlifespanaswellasaveryhighdeathrate.Onlyafew,includingEgyptian,Chinese,Greek,Latin,havelastedmorethan2,000years.Whatisnew,however,isthespeedatwhichtheyaredyingout.Europe'scolonialconquestscausedasharpdeclineinlinguisticdiversity,eliminatingatleast15percentofalllanguagesspokenatthetime.Overthelast300years,Europehaslostadozen,andAustraliahasonly20leftofthe250spokenattheendofthe18thcentury.Theriseofnation-stateshasalsobeendecisiveinselectingandconsolidatingnationallanguagesandsideliningothers.Bymakinggreateffortstoestablishanofficiallanguageineducation,themediaandthecivilservice,nationalgovernmentshavedeliberatelytriedtoeliminateminoritylanguages.Thisprocessoflinguisticstandardizationhasbeenboostedbyindustrializationandscientificprogress,whichhaveimposednewmethodsofcommunicationthatareswift,straightforwardandpractical.Languagediversitycametobeseenasanobstacletotradeandthespreadofknowledge.Monolingualismbecameanideal.Morerecently,theinternationalizationoffinancialmarkets,thespreadofinformationbyelectronicmediaandotheraspectsofglobalizationhaveintensifiedthethreatto"small"languages.AlanguagenotontheInternetisalanguagethat"nolongerexists''inthemodernworld.Itisoutofthegame.Theseriouseffectsofthedeathoflanguagesareevident.Firstofall,itispossiblethatifweallendedupspeakingthesamelanguage,ourbrainswouldlosesomeoftheirnaturalcapacityforlinguisticinventiveness.Wewouldneverbeabletofigureouttheoriginsofhumanlanguageorresolvethemysteryof"thefirstlanguage".Aseachlanguagedies,achapterofhumanhistorycloses.Multilingualismisthemostaccuratereflectionofmulticulturalism.Thedestructionofthefirstwillinevitablyleadtothelossofthesecond.Imposingalanguagewithoutanylinkstoapeople'scultureandwayoflifestiflestheexpressionoftheircollectivegenius.Alanguageisnotonlyusedforthemaininstrumentofhumancommunication.Italsoexpressestheworldvisionofthosewhospeakit,theirwaysofusingknowledge.Tosafeguardlanguagesisanurgentmatter.（1）Whichofthefollowingdoesnotcontributetothedeathoflanguages?A.ColonialconquestsofEuropeB.TheboomofhumanpopulationC.AdvancesinscienceandindustrializationD.Theriseofnation-states（2）Theunderlinedword"stifles"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans"".A.boostsB.fuelsC.imposesD.kills（3）Theseriouseffectsofthedeathoflanguagesincludeallexceptthat.A.PeoplewouldfailtounderstandhowlanguagesoriginatedB.LanguagediversitywouldbecomeanobstacletoglobalizationC.MonolingualismwouldleadtothelossofmulticulturalismD.Humanbrainswouldbecomelesscreativelinguistically（4）Whatistheauthorspurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainthereasonswhylanguagesaredyingout.B.Towarnpeopleofthenegativeaspectsofglobalization.C.Tocallpeople'sattentiontotheurgencyoflanguagepreservation.D.Toarguehowimportantitisforpeopletospeakmorelanguages.四、（2021高三下·黄冈月考）任务型阅读LanguageLearningLearninganewlanguagecanbetrickyatanyage.Butinarecentstudy,scientistshavepinpointedtheexactageatwhichyourchancesofreachingfluencyinanewlanguageseemtoquicklydropoff:10.DoesthismeanyoushouldquityourFrenchclassifyou'reolderthan10?Non!17.

Itfoundthatit's"nearlyimpossible"toreachfluencyifyoustartlearningalanguageafterage10.That'snotbecauselanguageskillsstarttogodownhill."You'restilllearningfast,"saysJoshuaHartshorne,oneofthestudy'scoauthors."It'sjustthatyourunoutoftime,becauseyourabilitytolearnstartsdroppingataround17or18yearsold."Peoplewhostartlearninganewlanguageafterage10maystillbecomequitegood,theauthorssay.18.Kidsmaybebetterthanadultsatlearningnewlanguagesformanyreasons.Children'sbrainsaremoreadaptablethanthoseofadults.19."Alllearninginvolvesthebrainchanging,"Hartshornesays."Children'sbrainsseemtobealotmoregoodatchanging."Kidsmayalsobemorewillingthanadultstotrynewthings.Andwhileadultstendtofallbackontherulesandpatternsoftheirfirstlanguage,kidsareabletoapproachanewonewithablankslate.20.

Itpromisedtoguesspeople'snativelanguage,dialect,andhomecountry,basedontheirresponsestoEnglishgrammarquestions.Attheendofthequiz,peopleenteredtheiractualnativelanguage.Theyalsoreportedifandwhentheyhadlearnedanyotherlanguagesandwheretheyhadlived.Nearly670,000peopletookthequiz.Analyzingpeople'sresponsesandgrammarmistakesallowedthemtodrawconclusionsaboutlanguagelearning.Thefindingsalsoofferideasforadultshopingtopickupanewlanguage.21.Movingtoaplacewhereyourchosenlanguageisspokenallthetimeisthebestwayforadultstolearn.Learnersofallagescansearchoutnativespeakersintheircommunitytotalkwith.Bycreatinganimmersiveenvironment,it'spossibletobecomegoodatspeakinganewlanguage.A.Nowthat'sworthtalkingabout!B.Buttheyareunlikelytobecomefluent.C.ThestudyappearedinthejournalCognition.D.Forthestudy,theresearcherscreatedanonlinequiz.E.Thismeansthey'rebetterabletorespondtonewinformation.F.ThisgaveresearchershugeamountsofdatafromEnglishspeakersofmanyagesandbackgrounds.G.Researchersfoundthatpeopledidbetterwhentheylearnedbyimmersionratherthanonlyinaclassroom.五、（2018高一下·江苏月考）完形填空

Masteryofalanguageisoneofthegreatest

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thatonecaneverhave.Manypeoplehaveapassion(激情)forlearninglanguages.Humanlanguageevolve(进化)fromhandgesturesandothersignsthatpeopleusedto

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witheachother.Ancientpeoplestartedwithdrawing

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aboutwhattheywantedtosay,whichlateronevolvedintosomelanguages,afterwhichmanyotherdialects(方言)havecomeinto

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.Withover2,700differentlanguagesand7,000dialects

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allovertheworld,theworldhasmanydifferentculturesthat

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speaktheirnativedialects.

Onesuch

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thatisevenolderthantheholybookQuran(thefinestworkinclassicalArabic

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isArabic.Itisknowntobeoneofthemost

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spokenlanguages,asover300millionpeoplespeakinthistongue.Incaseyouwanttolearnit,thentherearemanyArabictranslationservicesthat

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peoplehowtoactuallyspeakthelanguage.Thislanguagealonehashundredsofdifferentdialectsthatareusedbypeopledependingonwhat

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theyareat.Itis

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thatpeoplewhospeak

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languagesfinditdifficulttocommunicatewitheachotherbecauseofthedifferenceindialect

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justlikeeveryotherlanguage,thislanguagealsohasastandardlanguagewhichisusedinbroadcasts,newspapers,magazinesandevenin

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thatteachArabicastheirsecondlanguage.

Soifyouwantto

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whatapersonwhohasadifferentArabicdialectistryingtosay,youwouldneedthe

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ofArabictranslationservices.Asmentionedearlier,theyteachthislanguage;however,youneedtohaveenoughtimetolearnit

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itisalsoknowntobeoneofthemost

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languagesthatonecanlearn.Infact,manyuniversitystudentswhomajorinthislanguagegethelpfromtheseagencies,makingit

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forthemtolearnit.1.A.waysB.skillsC.expressionsD.means2.A.communicateB.fightC.competeD.exchange3.A.numbersB.circlesC.mapsD.pictures4.A.sightB.effectC.fashionD.action5.A.concernedB.usefulC.presentD.familiar6.A.meanwhileB.stillC.seldomD.never7.A.bookB.gameC.customD.language8.A.literatureB.styleC.theoryD.influence9.A.probablyB.necessarilyC.widelyD.loudly10.A.adviseB.teachC.explainD.remind11.A.levelB.lengthC.ageD.location12.A.surprisingB.comfortingC.disappointingD.challenging13.A.foreignB.nativeC.similarD.various14.A.thereforeB.howeverC.besidesD.or15.A.schoolsB.restaurantsC.hospitalsD.supermarkets16.A.repeatB.forecastC.researchD.understand17.A.listB.helpC.sharingD.review18.A.becauseB.thoughC.unlessD.until19.A.importantB.formalC.difficultD.lively20.A.saferB.cheaperC.freerD.easier六、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

PeopleallovertheworldknowthatChinais________

(wide)well-knownforitsancientcivilisation.Inthispassage,wewillintroducetheChinesewritingsystem.

Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstolonggu.Duringthattime,symbols________

(carve)onanimalbonesandshells.BytheShangDynasty,thesesymbols________

(become)awell-developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,itdevelopedintodifferentformsbecausetheChinesepeopleweredividedgeographically,________

(lead)tomanyvarietiesofdialectsand________

(character).However,EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry________

theChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.ThatwritingsystemwasveryimportantinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.

WrittenChinesehasalsobecome________

importantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworks________

(write)byChineseinancienttimes.NowtheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseen________

anartform—Chinesecalligraphy.

AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina'scultureandhistorythroughthis________

(amaze)language.七、改错（2019高一下·岳阳月考）假设英语课上老师要求你的同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除、修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/\),并在其下写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改:在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下写出修改后的词。

MostpeopleintheUnitedStatesdon'tlearntospeakthesecondlanguage.Highschoolsteachlanguages.Andveryfewstudentslearntospeakgood.Whydon'tAmericansspeakotherlanguages?TheUnitedStatesareaverylargecountry.AmericanscantravelalongdistanceandnotleavetheUnitedStates.Theydonotneedlearnasecondlanguage.AndmanypeopleinotherpartoftheworldspokeEnglish.IfAmericanstraveltoothercountries,theycanspeakEnglishinhere,too.ButsomeAmericansthinkthatisamistaketospeakEnglishonly.Theybelieveitisveryimportantlytolearnasecondlanguage.参考答案一、（一）1【答案】which【解析】句意：他住在一所房子里，房子前面有一棵很高的树。根据句意和结构可知，此句为定语从句，关系词前有介词of，且先行词是“house”，修饰的是物，故用关系代词which。故填which。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。2【答案】without【解析】句意：没有运动，你可能会很虚弱，但运动对你的生活意义重大。此处是witiout+which引导的非限制性定语从句，故答案为without。【点评】考查介词，本题涉及“witioutwhich”引导的非限制性定语从句。3【答案】whom【解析】句意：这就是我兄弟和他一起工作十年的飞行员。在本句中thepilot为先行词，空中的词在定语从句中作介词with的宾语，指代人，故填whom。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及“withwhom”引导的限制性定语从句。4【答案】whom【解析】句意：小女孩给救出她的消防队员写了一封感谢信。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句的关系词，先行词是firefighter指人，它在从句中作宾语，应使用关系代词who或that，但who和that的前面不能有介词，在介词后须用whom指代先行词。故填whom。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及“by+whom”引导的限制性定语从句。5【答案】which【解析】句意：英语是多个文化共同使用的语言，每个文化看待这门语言都是不同的。结合句意，分析句子结构可知此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词severalcultures，且空前有复合介词eachof，故填which。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句。6【答案】whose【解析】句意：我应该感谢我亲爱的朋友们，没有他们的帮助，我就不会取得如此巨大的成功。非限制性定语从句的先行词friends，指人，在非限制性定语从句中关系代词作名词help的定语，所以要用关系代词whose，故填whose。【点评】考查非限制性定语从句，本题涉及关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句。7【答案】which【解析】句意：他的理论是许多教育理论的基础。on

manytheoriesabouteducationarebuilt是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thebasis，在从句中作介词on的宾语，故填which。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及“onwhich”引导的限制性定语从句。8【答案】whom【解析】句意：他有两个儿子，都在国外。分析句子可知，本句为复合句，含有非限制性定语从句。先行词为twosons，在从句中，做介词of的宾语，结合关系代词的用法，先行词指人，作宾语时用whom。故填whom。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词whom引导的非限制性定从句。9【答案】which【解析】句意：最近我买了一幅古老的中国画，价格非常合理。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是ancientChinesepainting，price与painting是所属关系，即那副画的价格，whoseprice=thepriceofwhich，故填which。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及“ofwhich”引导的非限制性定语从句。10【答案】where/abovewhich【解析】句意：我们终于到达了山顶，在那里/上面一道美丽的彩虹出现了。

abeautifulrainbowappeared.是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thetopofthemountain，在从句中作地点状语，因此可用关系副词where，或者介词above+which。因此答案为：where/abovewhich。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句，或者above+which引导的非限制性定语从句。11【答案】why/forwhich【解析】句意：就是为什么他没告诉任何人就离开了我们。

heleftuswithouttellinganyone.是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thereason，在从句中作原因状语，故填关系副词why，相当于forwhich。因此答案为：why/forwhich。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及why/forwhich引导的限制性定语从句。12【答案】where/towhich【解析】句意：我们来到一个从未来过的地方。

wehadneverpaidavisitbefore.是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词aplace,在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where；同时payavisittoaplace是固定短语“参观某处”，因此也可用towhich引导，所以答案为：where/towhich。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及where/towhich引导的限制性定语从句。13【答案】towhom【解析】句意：towhom这篇文章可能会让一些敏感的读者感到震惊，我提前向他们道歉。

Ioffermyapologiesinadvance是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词somesensitivereaders，定语从句中运用了offerapologiestosb固定短语，因此答案为towhom。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及towhom引导的非限制性定语从句。14【答案】where/fromwhich【解析】句意：人们能看到好风景的塔在山上。

peoplecanhaveagoodview是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thetower，在从句中作地点状语，故填where，在此相当于fromwhich。因此答案为where/fromwhich。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及where/fromwhich引导的限制性定语从句。15【答案】where/inwhich【解析】句意：句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。

Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于inwhich，因此答案为where/inwhich。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及where/inwhich引导的限制性定语从句。16【答案】withwhich【解析】句意：他取得了很大的进步，老板对此很满意。

thebosswasverysatisfied.是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词progress，同时

besatisfiedwith固定短语，“对......感到满意”，先行词作介词with的宾语，因此答案为withwhich。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及withwhich引导的限制性定语从句。17【答案】where/inwhich【解析】句意：在我的院子后面有一棵高大的树，许多麻雀在那里过夜。

manysparrowsstayatnight是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atalltree，在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where,，在从句中相当于inwhich。因此答案为：where/inwhich。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及where/inwhich引导的限制性定语从句。18【答案】when/duringwhich【解析】句意：下个月，那时我们将在家乡过寒假，就要到了。

wewillspendourwinterholidaysinourhometown是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词nextmonth，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when，或者介词during+关系代词which，因此答案为：when/duringwhich。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词when引导的非限制性定语从句，或者duringwhich引导的非限制性定语从句。19【答案】which【解析】句意：他递给我一支笔，我用这支笔记下了他的电话号码。with

Iwrotedownhisphonenumber.是限制性定语从句，先行词是apen，在从句中作介词with的宾语，用关系代词which，故填which。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句。（二）1【答案】where【解析】句意：没有人能控制一切都是一团糟的局面。句中先行词为situation，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。2【答案】when【解析】句意：人类已经进入AI时代，在这个时代，机器人被应用于日常生活中，给人们带来很大的便利。

robotsareusedinordinarylife是非限制性定语从句，先行词是theAIera，且空处在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when，因此填when。【点评】考查定语从句,本题涉及关系副词when引导的非限制性定语从句。3【答案】why【解析】句意：请告诉我你错过飞机的原因。

youmissedtheplane是限制性定语从句，先行词是thereason，在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why，故填why。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词why引导的限制性定语从句。4【答案】when【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记我们上星期见面的那一天。

wemeteachotherlastweek是限制性定语从句，先行词是theday，在此句中作时间状语，故填when。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词when引导的限制性定语从句。5【答案】where【解析】句意：你还记得我们参观画展的那个地方吗？

wevisitedthepaintingexhibition是限制性定语从句，先行词是theplace，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。6【答案】when【解析】句意：从前美国有奴隶。

therewereslavesintheUSA是限制性定语从句，先行词是atime，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when，故填when。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词when引导的限制性定语从句。7【答案】when【解析】句意：这个时候这个地方总是挤满了妇女和儿童。

theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren是限制性定语从句，先行词是thehour，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when