2021-2022学年新教材高中英语UNIT3CONSERVATIONSECTIONⅠTOPICTALKLESSON1课时分层作业含解析北师大版选择性必修第一册

课时分层作业(七)Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Theyhavedriventherhinototheedgeofextinction(灭绝)．2．Plastic(塑料制的)flowershavealwaysbeenaparticularhateofmine.3．PackicearoundIcelandwasbecomingathreat(威胁)tonavigation.4．Thelawwouldencouragecompaniestoswitch(转换)fromcoaltocleanerfuels.5．Peopleareadvisedtosorttheirrubbishtomakeiteasierforthewastetoberecycled(再利用)．6．Troopsweresenttotheislandstorestore(恢复)orderlastNovember.7．Changesinfarmingmethodshavebadlyaffected(影响)employmentinthearea.8．Thetalkwasbothinformative(知识性强的)andentertaining.9．Themoneycouldbebetterspentonmoreurgent(紧迫的)cases.10．Weshouldn'tblame(责怪)ourselvesforwhathappened.Ⅱ.阅读理解AMostpeoplecan'twaitforspringtoarrive.Itmeansflowersandwarmerweather，allwelcomechangesfromthedarkwinterdays.NowweknowthatspringisarrivingsoonerintheNorthernHemisphere(北半球)thanitwasinthepast，thankstoastudypublishedinScientificReports.Forexample，LosAngelesmayexperiencespringonlyadayearlierthanitdid10yearsago，butfurthernorth，inSeattleorChicago，springwillarrivefourdaysearlier.IfyoulivedintheArctic，springcouldarrive16daysearlierthanitusedto.Todeterminehowspringtimeisstartingearlier，researcherslookedattemperaturerecordsand743earlierstudiesover86years.Thesestudieswereaboutvariousbiologicalindicatorsofspring，includingbirdsmigrating，plantsfloweringandamphibians(两栖动物)soundingtheirmatingcalls.Researchersthenstudiedthesedatatoseeiftheywereoccurringearlier.Theresultshowedthatnotonlyisspringmakingitselfknownsoonerbutit'swarmer，too.Beforeyougooutinahappyspringtimehike，springarrivingsoonerisn'tsogood.Thelivelihoodofmigratorybirds，forinstance，maybeconcerned.“Thefoodthatbirdsrelyonwhentheymovetothenorthmightnotbereliableifthebeginningofspringatthesehigherlatitudes(纬度)isexpandedbyfuturewarming.”saidEricPost.HeisafellowoftheJohnMuirInstituteandapolarecologist.AnimalsrelyingonArcticseaice，likepolarbears，probablyaren'tcrazyaboutthingswarmingupsooner，either，becauseitimpactsontheirabilitytohunt.Spring'searlyarrivalcouldcausedisorderinthedelicatebalanceofvariousecosystems—nottomentionhowsoonyou'llneedtobuyallergymedicine.【语篇解读】文章作者就科学新发现——春天比过去来的早，进行阐述。说明了这个气候新发现对人类和动物的影响。1．WelearnfromthestudypublishedinScientificReportsthat．A．springcomesearliestinLosAngelesB．LosAngelesisfurthernorththanSeattleC．springcomes12daysearlierinArcticthaninChicagoD．thefurthernorthaplacelies，thesoonerspringcomesthanbeforeD[推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“NowweknowthatspringisarrivingsoonerintheNorthernHemisphere(北半球)thanitwasinthepast，thankstoastudypublishedinScientificReports.”和第二段“Forexample，LosAngelesmayexperiencespringonlyadayearlierthanitdid10yearsago，butfurthernorth，inSeattleorChicago，springwillarrivefourdaysearlier.IfyoulivedintheArctic，springcouldarrive16daysearlierthanitusedto.”可知，住着越往北的地方，春天来得越早。故选D项。]2．Researchersmadethediscoverymainlyby．A．comparingrelateddataavailableB．conductingresearchandtestC．calculatingtheexactlengthofeachspringD．observinganimal'sbehaviorallyearroundA[细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Todeterminehowspringtimeisstartingearlier，researcherslookedattemperaturerecordsand743earlierstudiesover86years.Thesestudieswereaboutvariousbiologicalindicatorsofspring，includingbirdsmigrating，plantsfloweringandamphibians(两栖动物)soundingtheirmatingcalls.Researchersthenstudiedthesedatatoseeiftheywereoccurringearlier.Theresultshowedthatnotonlyisspringmakingitselfknownsoonerbutit'swarmer，too.”可知，通过查阅气温记录和86年来的743项早期研究后，研究者做出了相应的发现。故选A项。]3．Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsfocuson?A．Concernsoverspring'searlyarrival.B．Springtimeemergenceofcreatures.C．Earlyspringtime'simpactsonhumans.D．Disorderinthebalanceofecosystems.A[主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段提到“Thefoodthatbirdsrelyonwhentheymovetothenorthmightnotbereliableifthebeginningofspringatthesehigherlatitudes(纬度)isexpandedbyfuturewarming.”和最后一段提到“AnimalsrelyingonArcticseaice，likepolarbears，probablyaren'tcrazyaboutthingswarmingupsooner，either，becauseitimpactsontheirabilitytohunt.Spring'searlyarrivalcouldcausedisorderinthedelicatebalanceofvariousecosystems—nottomentionhowsoonyou'llneedtobuyallergymedicine”可知，最后两段提到了春天提前到来对动物和人类的不良影响。由此可知，最后两段的重点是对春天提前到来的担忧。故选A项。]4．Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanwereadthistext?A．MedicalReport.B．SurvivalStories.C．ScientificDiscoveries. D．NaturalEnvironment.C[推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“NowweknowthatspringisarrivingsoonerintheNorthernHemisphere(北半球)thanitwasinthepast，thankstoastudypublishedinScientificReports.”可知，本篇文章主要是研究气候变化的新发现。因此本篇文章应来自杂志的“科学发现”专栏。故选C项。]BThroughouthistory，humanityhasexistedside­by­sidewithvirusesandbacteria.Fromthebubonicplaguetosmallpox，humanityhasevolvedtoresistthesebacteriaandviruses.However，therearenownewwaysforthemtoinfectus.Climatechangeismeltingpermafrost(冻土)areasthathavebeenfrozenforthousandsofyears.Asthepermafrostmelts，sotootheancientbacteriaandvirusesthathavebeenfrozen.Theseancientbacteriaandviruses，whichpreviouslylayinactiveintheice，mayspringbacktolifeastheearth'sclimatewarms.InAugust2016，a12­year­oldboyintheArcticCirclediedandatleasttwentypeopletherewerehospitalizedafterhavingbeeninfectedbyanthrax(炭疽)．Expertsstudiedandconcludedthatover75yearsago，areindeerinfectedwithanthraxdiedanditsbodywasfrozenandtrappedunderalayerofpermafrost.Itstayedthere，withthediseaseinactive，untilaheatwaveinthesummerof2016.Theheatwavemeltedthepermafrostandexposedthereindeerbody，whichthenreleasedtheinfectiouspathogen(病原体)intothenearbywaterandsoil，andthenintothefoodsupply.Morethan2，000reindeerfeedingnearthebodybecameinfected，whichthenledtoasmallnumberofhumancases.Whileyoumaythinktheincidentisisolatedtothatarea，thefactthatlong­inactivevirusesandbacteriamightwakeupsoonduetoclimatechangewillaffectusall.Pathogenicvirusesmightbepreservedinoldpermafrostlayers，includingsomethathavecausedglobalepidemicsinthepast.Withclimatechange，whoknowswhatdeadlyvirusesandbacteriahiddenbeneathpermafrostareasarethreateningus.Perhapsitistimeforeveryonetodotheirparttostopglobalwarming.【语篇解读】本文讲述了由于全球变暖导致的疫情蔓延，从而呼吁阻止全球变暖。5．Whatdoestheunderlined“newways”referto?A．Ancientbacteriaandvirusescamebacktolife.B．Bacteriaandviruseshaveevolvedintonewtypes.C．Bacteriaandvirusesbecomemoreresistanttomedicine.D．Ancientbacteriaandvirusesremainactiveinfrozenpermafrost.A[词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Theseancientbacteriaandviruses，whichpreviouslylayinactiveintheice，mayspringbacktolifeastheearth'sclimatewarms.”可知，现在之前被冰封的古细菌和病菌，随着地球气候的变暖会再度活过来，所以newways是指古细菌和病菌复活，故选A。]6．Whichistherightorderofthecaseofanthraxin2016?①A12­year­oldboydiedandmanyotherswereinfected.②Over2，000reindeerfeedingnearthebodybecameinfected.③Thebacteriawentintothenearbywater，soil，andthenfoodsupply.④Thepermafrostmeltedandthebacteriainthedeadreindeerwokeup.A．④③②① B．④②③①C．①②④③ D．①③④②A[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Expertsstudiedandconcludedthatover75yearsago，areindeerinfectedwithanthraxdiedanditsbodywasfrozenandtrappedunderalayerofpermafrost.Itstayedthere，withthediseaseinactive，untilaheatwaveinthesummerof2016.”可知，七十五年前一头鹿感染了炭疽，鹿死了，身体被冰封，病毒休眠，直到2016年的夏季酷热期苏醒。根据“Theheatwavemeltedthepermafrostandexposedthereindeerbody，whichthenreleasedtheinfectiouspathogen(病原体)intothenearbywaterandsoil，andthenintothefoodsupply.Morethan2，000reindeerfeedingnearthebodybecameinfected，whichthenledtoasmallnumberofhumancases.”可知，这些苏醒的病原体进入到附近的水、土地然后进入食物中，感染了超过2000头鹿，然后感染了人类，根据第三段中的“InAugust2016，a12­year­oldboyintheArcticCirclediedandatleasttwentypeopletherewerehospitalizedafterhavingbeeninfectedbyanthrax(炭疽)．”可知，在2016年一个十二岁的男孩感染炭疽并死去，并感染了其他人。所以顺序为④③②①，故选A。]7．Whydoesthewriterwritethistext?A．Tointroduceanancientvirus，anthrax.B．Tocallonpeopletostopglobalwarming.C．Toencouragepeopletostudyancientviruses.D．Towarnofthedangerofmeltingpermafrost.B[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Perhapsitistimeforeveryonetodotheirparttostopglobalwarming.”作者认为是时候大家一起来阻止全球变暖了，可推断，作者写此文的目的是号召人们阻止全球变暖。故选B。]8．Inwhichsectioncanwemostpossiblyreadthistextonawebsite?A．Geography. B．Environment.C．Education. D．Medicine.B[推理判断题。本文主要是讲全球变暖导致疫情的蔓延，所以属于环境类，故选B。]Ⅲ.阅读七选五Youngstersusuallybenefitfromhavingarelationshipwithsomeoneolderandwisertomentor(指导)them.Thementormightbeateacher，familymemberormoreexperiencedpeer.However，noteveryoneissuitabletobeaninfluential，positiverolemodel.1Herearesomecommoncharacteristicsofgoodrolemodels.Theyareconfident.Mostpeopleadmirethosewhohavemuchconfidenceinthemselves.2Sotheyareabletoacknowledgetheirskillsandachievementswithoutbecomingarrogant(自大的)．JustasChildDevelopmentSpecialistDr.RobynSilvermansuggests，healthyself­confidenceshowsasprideinwhoyouareandwhatyou'velearnedthroughoutyourlife.3Rolemodelsshowtheircommitmenttoadesiredgoalbytheiractionsandarewillingtoinvestthenecessarytimeandefforttoachievesuccess.Theydon'tgiveupeasilyandcontinuetryingwhenfacedwithchallenges.Theirdeterminationtosucceedencouragesyoungsterstofollowthroughandreachthegoalstheysetforthemselves.Theyarerespectful.4Youngpeopleappreciatebeingtreatedwithrespectandadmirethosewhotreatthemandothersthatway.Rolemodelswhoshowselflessnessandanequal，non­prejudicedviewofthosedifferentfromthemearntheadmirationofothers.Theyareoptimisticandcreative.Ro