《毕业设计(论文)-灰鸽子的入侵与防御研究》

第一批异形词整理表（Thefirstbatchofoddwordsortingtables）

"Thefirstbatchofirregularwordforms"

PromulgatedbythestatelanguageandLanguageWorkingCommitteeoftheMinistryofeducationofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

(trialonMarch31,2002)

1range

Thisspecificationisarecommendedtrialspecification.Accordingto"activelyandsteadily,stepbystep,distinction,batchfinishing"approach,selected338groupsofMandarinwrittenlanguageisoftenused,thepublicchoicetendencytowards(notincludingthe44groupsintheappendix)shapedwords(includingwordsandphrases),asthefirstbatchofcollation,giveseachtherecommendedformofprofiledwords.

ThisstandardappliestoPutonghua,writtenlanguage,includinglanguageteaching,newspublishing,lexicography,informationprocessing,andsoon.

2normativereferencedocuments

Thefirstlistofvariantforms(publishedbytheMinistryofcultureandChinesecharactersinPeople'sRepublicofChinainDecember22,1955)

SchemefortheChinesephoneticalphabet(approvedbythefifthsessionofthefirstNationalPeople'sCongressofthePeople'sRepublicofChinainFebruary11,1958)

Mandarinpronunciationwordpronunciationtable(releasedinDecember27,1985theStateLanguageWorkCommittee,theStateEducationCommissionandtheMinistryofradioandtelevision)

Simplifiedwordlist(publishedbytheStateLanguageCommissionoftheStateCouncilonOctober1986,10)republished

ThelistofcommonlyusedmodernChinese(releasedinJanuary26,1988theStateLanguageWorkCommittee,theStateEducationCommission)

ModernChinesecommoncharacters(March25,1988StateLanguageWorkCommittee,People'sRepublicofChinapressandPublicationBureaureleased)

ThebasicrulesofGB/T16159-1996ChinesePinyinOrthography

3terms

3.1variantwords

ChineseMandarininwrittenlanguageandthecoexistenceof(thisspecificationreferstothesound,rhymeandtone,synonyms(identical)inthisspecificationreferstotherationalmeaning,colormeaningandgrammaticalmeaningidentical)anddifferentwrittenwords.

3.2variantcharacters

Inaccordancewiththestandardcharactersofhomophone,differentwordsandsynonymsofwriting.Thisstandardreferstothe"firstvariantoftheformofsortingout"outofvariantcharacters.

3.3wordform

Thisspecificationreferstothewrittenformofwords.

3.4corpus

Thisspecificationreferstothelanguagedatausedinthespokenandwrittenlanguagesofthetermstatistics.

3.5wordfrequency

Thefrequencyofoccurrenceofthesamewordinacertainnumberofcorporaisusuallyexpressedbythenumberofoccurrencesorcoverageofwords.Thisspecificationreferstotheoccurrenceofwords.

4,themainprinciplesofsortingoutirregularwords

InmodernChinese,theemergenceofvariantwordshasahistoricaldevelopmentprocess,involvingform,sound,meaningandsoon.Sortingoutspecial-shapedwordsmustbetakenintofullconsiderationandbalanced.Notonlybasedonreality,butalsorespectinghistory,notonlypaysfullattentiontothesystematicnessoflanguage,butalsorecognizesthespecialcircumstancesofdevelopmentandevolution.

4.1,theprincipleofuniversality

Accordingtothestatisticsofwordfrequencyandsocialinvestigation,thewordformcommonlyusedbythepublicischosenastherecommendedform.Theprincipleofuniversalityisthefirstprincipleofsortingouttheirregularword,whichisdeterminedbythesocialattributeofthelanguage.Accordingtomanyinvestigations,morethan90%ofthecommonwordintheuseofwordfrequencygraduallysignificantdifferences,consistentwiththegeneralprinciplesofmorphology,thevastmajorityareconsistentwiththeprincipleofmotivationandsoon.Evenifahighfrequencywordandlanguageormotivationsarenotexactlythesame,butonceestablished,shouldalsorespectthechoiceofthesociety.Suchas"24-0reverentandrespectfulreverentandrespectful"(digitalrepresentationofwordfrequency,thesamebelow),fromthesourcepointofview,"appearedearlier,butthereverentandrespectful"meaningoftheidiomsinthespreadingprocesshaschanged,evolvedfrom"mustrespect"as"veryrespectful",alsohavedifferentmotivations.Fromtheuseofthecurrentfrequency,"universal,reverentandrespectful"soasto"recommendreverentandrespectful.".

4.2principlesofmotivation

Somevariantscurrentlyusedless,nosignificantdifferenceoffrequency,difficulttrade-offsaredeterminedbasedonthegeneralprinciple,fromthedevelopmentofthewordmotivationperspectivetorecommendamorereasonableform,inordertounderstandthemeaningandeasytouse.Suchas"1precepts:2precepts","ring""commandment"cognatewordsinancienttimes,alltwo"warning"and"warning"meaning,sothetwowordhad.ButinmodernChinese"commandments"multitable"warning"meaning,"or"multitable"warning","deterrence"istopersuade,"morphemeandmeaningcommandment"ismoreconsistent,sothepreceptsforrecommendationform.

4.3systematicprinciple

Theinternalvocabularyismoresystematic,andthecoherenceofwordsinthesamemorphemeseriesshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenarrangingvariantwords.Suchas"0-0,luxuriousextravagance,wastewaste33,accordingtotheusefrequency,itisdifficulttodeterminethechoiceof.Butthesameseriesofspecial-shapedwords"luxury87-Luxury17",theformerhasobviousadvantages,sothewholeseriesaredeterminedtocontain"loose"wordformastherecommendedform.

Theabovethreeprinciplesareonlythethreemainpointsofthewordselection,andeachwordshouldbeconsideredanddecided.

Inaddition,thereareanumberofirregularwordswhichcontainnonstandardwords(thatis,"alreadyeliminated"or"simplified"traditionalcharacters)whichhavealreadybeenabolishedinthesociety,whichcauseconfusionintheuseofwrittenlanguage.Thistime,weselectedsomeofthemoreinfluentialonesasappendicesandexplicitlyabolishedthemasnoncanonicalforms.

5,"thefirstbatchofwordform"instructions

5.1thisforminthedevelopmentprocess,withthe"people'sDaily"1995-2000allworksinthecorpusforwordfrequencystatisticsandAnalysisontheword,andonebyonetheartificialintervention,theerrorasmuchaspossibletoexcludecomputerstatistics,someshapedwordswiththe"people'sDaily"corpusandcorpus1987--199566socialsciencejournal,19961997and158kindsofNaturalSciencemagazineconductedasamplereview.Alsorefertothe"modernChineseDictionary","ChineseDictionary"and"word""XinhuaDictionary""modernChineseStandardDictionary"andotherbooksandarticlesaboutdiscussionofprofiledwords.

5.2selecttherecommendedwordformbeforeeachgroupofdashesisdashes.Theindividualquestionsthatneedtobeexplainedinthetableareattachedtothetablebyannotations.

5.3thetableentriesreceivedbythefirstwordoftheChinesePinyinpronunciationofthesequencer,accordingtothestrokenumberfromlesstomorearrangement.

5.4thenonstandardformslistedintheappendixareinparentheses,theobsoletevariantwordsandsimplifiedtraditionalcharactersaremarkedatthetopleftcornerwiththe"*"number.

A

Buttoaccept

Note:Note

B

-allneglectedtasksarebeingundertakentofull-scalereconstructionisunderway.

Louverwindow

Grey:Banbai,Banbai

-mottledmottled

Spore-spore

Bodyguard:bodyguard

Nannynanny,nanny-

Seniorityseniority:

Right-duty

Strokestroke

Reverentandrespectfulandreverentandrespectful

Editor'snote-editor'snote

Lentils:lentils,beans,hyacinthbean

Logoidentification

Sideburns-sideburns

Adheringto-Taking

-repairpatch,patchpatch

C

Participationin

Pale-pale

Notbadlate

Mix-mixed1.

Adulteration-adulteration

Dopantadulteration

Inadditiontoeradicate-Chan

Garden-Garden

Carriagecar

Completely-strictly

MeditationShenSi

Begratified

Compositioncomponent

Clearandtransparent

-herextravagantluxury

Planning&Planning

Chips-horseraising

Shehesitated-Chun

Giveadviceandsuggestionsandgiveadviceandsuggestions

Panting-Pant

Porcelain-porcelain

Bestow

Crudecoarsebrine

D

Whenapartner,partner-

Takeahit,Dodge-.

Reply-reply

Mourning,mourning

Worry:worry

Worry:worry

Delay:delay

Indifferenttoworldly-

Cool:Cool

Bad-bad

Low-dihuai3

Hard-destitude,carvingthedisadvantages

Withered-carvedzero

Fallandfall

Witherandfade

Ups-ups

Fall-fall.

Bloody-bloodshed

ExhortDingNing

Order

Subscribers-subscribers

Engagement-engagement

Ordertoorder

Subscribesubscription

-bucketarch,Dougongbrackets

Stay,stay

Amusingandinterestingbucket

Monologue:1880

DragonBoatFestival-endfive

E

Yellow-spring

Double-halfheartedness

F

Fermentation-fermentation

Setpeoplethinking-sensitive

Multiply-separated

-commandedthem

Componentweight

Share-A

Extraextra

Partofthemolecule

Hehad:

Richandcolorful,richandvaried

Paralysis-paralysis

Madness-Madness

Edge-FengMang

Serveandserveyou-

Defeat-power

Guilty-guilty

Yurecalcitrantnegativeresistance

Attached:straininterpretation

Letter-letter

Road-Road

G

Interventionintervention

Caution-caution

Upright,honestandFrank-Gengzhi

Withflattery

Outline:Outline

Hookandhook

Lonelyandhelpless,lonelyandhelpless

Toliveupto:

Antique,antiques

Sharesshares

Asthinasathreadpaper-amereskeleton

Relevancerelation

Brilliancelightextraction

Afterall,afterall

Long-gagering

Waillikeghostsandhowllikewolvesandmournfulhowling

Excessive

H

Toadandfrog

Vagueandambiguous

Implicit-retention

Shabby-shabby

Cheers-cheers

Boo-boo

Stir-at

Carryforward:carryforward

Red-red

Address:informedopinion

Grand-Hongtu,ambitious

Ambition:Ambition

Aim:themaintheme

HongFuRedford

Bodyodor

ButterflyHuDie

Confused-HuTu

Amber,amber

Sleightofhand

A:Hua,toplayafingerguessinggame.

Trance-Trance

Shine-shine

Fester-(badsidewithyourpus)

Fishintroubledwaters,fishintroubledwater

Partnerpartner

J

Smartandclever

Anger-anger.

Projectplan

Memorialmemory

Sendto...

Jacketjacket

Guest:Guest

Command-control

Posturestyle

Thedowry-trousseaux

Concise-refining

Sybariticsybariticlifestyle:

Gate-foot

Cunning-cunning

Heel-heel

Beggarsandbeggars

Wonderful-wonderful!

Strike-assembly

Gathered-gathering

Sitdown-sitdown

Rolerole

K

Periodoftime

Today-moment

Characterizationandcharacterization

Rich-richman

L

Ragged-shabby

Brilliant-rotten,unadornedblackman

Stand-up

Hammer,wolf(alongsideJinLang)head

Drag-redundant

Dark-Dark

Coherencecoherence:

Connectionjoin

Rolling-binome7

Run-lacing

Joinlink

Co-Co

Train-well

-(fromgianttostagger,willadd)

Loud-LiaoLiang

Liaoluan-sick

Lonely-lonely

Prison-Lingyu

Walk:walking

Linger:linger

Minions-minions,Lou(onesideGaro)

Reckless,reckless

Video:video,video

Beard-mustaches

Lonely,lonely,lonely

M

Paralysisparalysis

Leprosyleprosy

Measlesmeasles

Wasp-wasp

Careless:careless

Threshold-threshold

Waste-Waste

Continuous-continuous

Shy-(face,right,see)

Imitationimitation

Fuzzyarticle

Analogsimulation

Copy:copy

Frictionfriction

Eagerforafight-eagertogetintoaction

Suffering:suffering

Tenderness-affectionately

Planforpainting

N

Wellthen

Infighting

Concise:concise

Jeans,jeans

Buttonbutton

P

Thepickpocket-handhand

Pan-rootcomplicatedanddifficulttodealwithalternative

Entrenched-dissension,occupying,Panju

Coiled-coil

PanTuodischillock

Rock-rock,PanShi

A-Panshan

Aloss-aloss

Thedayoftravelortoilnightandday

Pita-beat

Drift-drifting

Driftdrift

Wanderingandwondering

Shake-gowaving

Abstract:pingkong

Q

Implicatedtraction

Haggard-Bananaextract

Crystalclear

Lovefeeling

Sincere,sincere

Admonishexhortation:

R

Warm-Hot

Hothotcall

Keenenthusiasm

Talent

Eclipsesolareclipse

Beseated-sitdown

S

Colorcolorextraction

Anexample:punishsb

Sharkandshark

Hawthorn:Hawthorn

-sampansampan

Theboatman,crew

Luxuryextravagance

ShenXueShenxue

ImageofGod

Wetandmoist

Assorted-tenjin

Rein-Shoufu

Firstsitting

Letters,letters

Adouble(alongsideHuangJin)

Thinkingthinking

Hell-bent-up

T

Practicalanddependable

Beet-(plus,****head)food

Ofcourse,rushintodanger

Thorough

Imageimage

-excuseprevarication

W

Stuff:stuff

Monsters-demonsandmonsters(bugrightplustwo

Blame-herself

Inahorriblemess-inafilthymess

Completelyindifferent-indifferent

Rather,rather

No-no

Colorful-fivepickfun

Generaldebilityandinfirmitiesanddiseases

X

Polypsandpolyposis

Rareandrare

Strange-strange

Rareandrare

Real-World

Rareandrare

Move-moveXi

Polish-Polish

Good:good

Mellow,fragrantandpure

Letinousedodes:fragrantmushroom

Appearance-appearance

Chic

Bigdeal-makingafuss

UnloadingunloadingZai

Talk-wagone'stonguetoofreely

-Xingsongsleepy

Prettyandintelligent,prettyandbright

Prefacetothebook

Thepreface:thepreface

Sermon-speaking

Y

PressureV

Rhyme-rhyme

Theopiumandopium

Dulcimer-dulcimer

Either-orattheend

Midnightsnack

Thefinalword-sound

Altogether-all

Theskirt-lappet

Clothing:clothing

Back-.

Therain-rains

Earnings-surplus

Imageimage

-sunsetafterglow

Fishing-Fishing

Fishingnet

Attendance-preliminarymeeting

Accessto-and

Hewas:

-preparethepreparation

YuanYuanLai

Coal-yuan

All-thewholestory,frombeginningtoend

Thereasonwhy:

Reason

Lunareclipse

Crescent-Moon

-Yundoubeans

Z

Zada-miscellaneous1999

Continuetomakepersistentefforts:

New-New

After-Zhanzhuan

Ishudder-Thriller

Thebooks-books.

Compromisetradeoff

So-attheend

Aseriouseightset

Sesameandsesame

Dismember-dismemberment,dismemberment

Straight-directlyandcandidlyandstraightforward

Backseatdriver-command

ZhouJi-alms

Aroundandaround

Decorationdecoration

(wegotothediligently-****headunderthe(sub)wewenttotheupperheadwithLVplus)

Posepose

Carefully,carefully

Myself,myself

Evidence-Evidence

[notes]

(1)"mixing"and"mixing"isthedivisionoflabor:"mixing","table","mixedrighteousness","mixing"table,"helpingrighteousness".

The"sink"ofthe"Shen"custom,"Shen"laterbecamecommonwords,and"Shen"andthecoexistence,andtheformationofmanyvariants,suchas"sinking-sinking,meditation,meditation,deep-deep".Nowthe"Shen"read-onlyshn,usedasasurname.The"Shen"oftheplacename"Shenyang"isthesimplifiedwordofshen.Said"sink"anditsextendedmeaning,nowgeneralwriting"Shen",readchn.

The"variantsinPutonghuapronunciationtable"approved","readtheHuIsystem."Low"isawordHu,notonlyD,DHu,Iread

The"withered"and"carved"ancientuniversal,in1955"thefirstbatchofvariantwordsortingtable","wither"as"carved"variantofthewordtobeeliminated.1988"modernChinesecommoncharacters"confirm"."asthestandardword,said"fade"anditsmeaning.

Inthetwowordsof"Ding"and"Ding",differentpronunciationsofancienttimeshaveevolvedintohomophones,andtheyhavebecomecommoninthesenseof"beforehand"and"agreed",formingagroupofspecial-shapedwords.Butinrecentdecadesthetwowordstogetherinthissensehasundergonesubtledifferentiation:"order"priortoaftermutualnegotiation,butagreed,thesameisnot"set"on;sure,noteasilychange.Therefore,somespecialwordshavebeendividedintosynonyms,buttheordersandordersinthistablearestillcongruentwords,andtheyshouldbestandardizedaccordingtotheprincipleofuniversality.

Thisisthewordreferstoacertainclass,class,grouporhassomefeatures,suchas"landlord,knowledge,advanced~~~".Thedenominatorandrelative"elements"atoms"molecules"(readfromNZf),allchippedgifts"elements"(readfnzi),soundandmeaningaredifferent,notbeconfused.

The"Chinesecharacters"and"Lianmianwords"ofthe"alliance"cannotberewrittenas"".

The"pre"and"Yu"twowords,"ingeneral,ancientpreagreed"meaning,thusforminga"ready-prepared,prevention,anti-HenanHenansenseofexpectation,arelaxationperiod"groupofmorethan20heterograph.Themeaningisnowfullypre-assumed.ButconsideringthehabitsofLuXunandotherfamousartists,"Yu",theirworkshavefar-reachinginfluence,soagroupofspecialinstructionsarelisted.

"IhavereadtwoAF,readZh,N,saidthepeopletremble,and"war"withCH,N;read,themainobjectsurfaceslightvibration,canalsobesaidpeopletremble,suchas"shake"canbeused,alsocanbeusedforpeople.Whattimetoread,Zhn,chn,whattimetoread,itisdifficulttograspthesenseofunity,writing"fibrillation"willbringsomedifficultiestothereader,itisappropriatetoregulatetheformaccordingtomostpeople'shabitofpronunciation,inordertoavoidmixingstablepronunciation,reading.Suchas"trembling,trembling,trembling,trembling,trill,with"chn",reading,writing;"trembling,trembling"tofightthecoldwar,war,coldwar,chills,tremblewithfear"andotherw