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Unit1TextAPre-readingActivitiesFirstListening1. You're about to hear aconversation about Winston Churchill.

Before

youlisten,takealookatthewordsbelow.Whichdoyouthinkyou'relikelytohearwhenpeoplediscussChurchill?Then,asyoulistentothetapethefirsttime,circlethewordsyouhear .primeministerauthorpainterpoliticianWorldWarIromanticfearlessseriouspassionateWorldWarIISecondListeningReadthefollowingquestionsfirsttoprepareyourselftoanswerthemtothebestofyourability.Whatwastheargumentabout?Whichsidedoyoubelieve?WhatdoyouknowaboutWinstonChurchillasBritishprimeminister?Whatabouthispersonality —doyouhaveanyimpressionsofhimasahumanbeing?WinstonChurchill —HisOtherLifeMarySoamesMyfather,WinstonChurchill,beganhisloveaffairwithpaintinginhis40s,amiddisastrouscircumstances.AsFirstLordoftheAdmiraltyin1915,hehadbeendeeplyinvolvedinacampaignintheDardanellesthatcouldhaveshortenedthecourseofabloodyworldwar.Butwhenthemissionfailed,withgreatlossoflife,Churchillpaidtheprice,bothpubliclyandprivately:HewasremovedfromtheAdmiraltyandlosthispositionofpoliticalinfluence.Overwhelmedbythedisaster—"Ithoughthewoulddieofgrief,"saidhiswife,Clementine—heretiredwithhisfamilytoHoeFarm,acountryretreatinSurrey.There,asChurchilllaterrecalled,"Themuseofpaintingcametomyrescue!"Onedaywhenhewaswanderinginthegarden,hechanceduponhissister-in-lawsketchingwithwatercolours.Hewatchedherforafewminutes,thenborrowedherbrushandtriedhishand—andthemuseworkedhermagic.Fromthatdayforward,Winstonwasinlovewithpainting.DelightedwithanythingthatdistractedWinstonfromthedarkthoughtsthatoverwhelmedhim,Clementinerushedofftobuywhateverpaintsandmaterialsshecouldfind.Watercolours,oilpaints,paper,canvas—HoeFarmwassoonfilledwitheverythingapaintercouldwantorneed.PaintinginoilsturnedouttobeWinston'sgreatlove—butthefirststepswerestrangelydifficult.Hecontemplatedtheblankwhitenessofhisfirstcanvaswithunaccustomednervousness.Helaterrecalled:精选文库"VeryhesitantlyIselectedatubeofbluepaint,andwithinfiniteprecautionmadeamarkaboutasbigasabeanonthesnow-whitefield.AtthatmomentIheardthesoundofamotorcarinthedriveandthrewdownmybrushinapanic.IwasevenmorealarmedwhenIsawwhosteppedfromthecar:thewifeofSirJohnLavery,thecelebratedpainterwholivednearby."'Painting!'shedeclared.'Whatfun.Butwhatareyouwaitingfor?Letmehavethebrush—thebigone.'SheplungedintothepaintsandbeforeIknewit,shehadsweptseveralfiercestrokesandslashesofblueontheabsolutelyterrifiedcanvas.Anyonecouldseeitcouldnothitback.Ihesitatednomore.Iseizedthelargestbrushandfelluponmywretchedvictimwithwildfury.Ihaveneverfeltanyfearofacanvassince."Lavery,wholatertutoredChurchillinhisart,saidofhisunusualpupil'sartisticabilities:"Hadhechosenpaintinginsteadofpolitics,hewouldhavebeenagreatmasterwiththebrush."Inpainting,Churchillhaddiscoveredacompanionwithwhomhewastowalkforthegreaterpartofhislife.Paintingwouldbehiscomfortwhen,in1921,thedeathofhismotherwasfollowedtwomonthslaterbythelossofhisandClementine'sbelovedthree-year-olddaughter,Marigold.Overcomebygrief,WinstontookrefugeatthehomeoffriendsinScotland—andinhispainting.HewrotetoClementine:"Iwentoutandpaintedabeautifulriverintheafternoonlightwithredandgoldenhillsinthebackground.Manylovingthoughts....Alas,IkeepfeelingthehurtofMarigold."Lifeandloveandhopeslowlyrevived.InSeptember1922anotherchildwasborntoClementineandWinston:myself.Inthesameyear,WinstonboughtChartwell,thebelovedhomehewastopaintinallitsdifferentaspectsforthenext40years.Myfathermusthavefeltaglowofsatisfactionwheninthemid-1920shewonfirstprizeinaprestigiousamateurartexhibitionheldinLondon.Entrieswereanonymous,andsomeofthejudgesinsistedthatWinston'spicture—oneofhisfirstofChartwell—wastheworkofaprofessional,notanamateur,andshouldbedisqualified.Butintheend,theyagreedtorelyontheartist'shonestyandweredelightedwhentheylearnedthatthepicturehadbeenpaintedbyChurchill.Historianshavecalledthedecadeafter1929,whenWinstonagainfellfromoffice,hisbarrenyears.Politicallybarrentheymayhavebeen,ashislonelyvoicestruggledtoawakenBritaintothemenaceofHitler,butartisticallythoseyearsboreabundantfruit:ofthe500-oddChurchillcanvasesinexistence,roughlyhalfdatefrom1930to1939.PaintingremainedajoytoChurchilltotheendofhislife."Happyarethepainters,"hehadwritteninhisbookPaintingasaPastime,"fortheyshallnotbelonely.Lightandcolour,peaceandhope,willkeepthemcompanytotheendoftheday."Andsoitwasformyfather.(776words)— 2精选文库NewWhemiddleof,among 在之中*disastrousa.extremelybad;terrible 灾难性的，糟透的lordn.(inBritain)titleofsomeofficialsofveryhighrank （英）大臣；大人，阁下admiraltyn.(theA ～)(inBritain)governmentdepartmentinchargeofthenavy （英）海军部campaignn.1.aseriesofplannedmilitaryactions 战役2.aplannedseriesofactivities,esp.inpoliticsandbusiness 运动bloodya.1.veryviolent,withalotofwoundingandkilling 血腥的2.coveredwithblood 血污的missionn.1.(itary)dutyorpurposeforwhichpeoplearesentsomewhere ［常指军事］任务2. 天职，使命privatelyad.1.notpublicly 非公开地2.personally;secretly 在涉及私（个）人方面；秘密地privatea.1.personal;secret 私（个）人的；秘密的2.notpublic 非公开的disastern.(a)suddengreatmisfortune 灾难，天灾；祸患*griefn.afeelingofextremesadness 悲哀*grievev.sufferfromgrieforgreatsadness （为而）悲伤；伤心— 3精选文库retreatn.1.aplaceintowhichonecangoforpeaceandsafety 隐居处2. 撤退；避难vi.movebackorleaveacenteroffightingorotheractivity 撤退；退避muse,Musen.1.(inGreekmythology)oneoftheninegoddessesofpoetry,music,etc. 缪斯（希腊神话中司文艺的九位女神之一）2.aforceorpersonthatinspiressb.towrite,paint,etc. 创作灵感rescuen.helpwhichgetssb.outofadangerousorunpleasantsituation 救助；救援vt. 救助；救援sister-in-lawn.sisterofone'shusbandorwife 姑子；姨子；嫂子；弟媳sketchv.makeaquick,roughdrawing(ofsth.) 素描，速写n. 素描，速写watercolo(u)r水彩（颜料）；水彩画magic魔法，法术有魔力的*distractvt.(from)take(one'smind,sb.)offsth. 转移（注意力） ; 使转移注意力*canvasn.1.apieceofstrongheavyclothusedforanoilpainting 帆布画布2.acompletedoilpainting 油画*contemplatevt.lookatinaseriousorquietway,oftenforsometime （默默地）注视，凝视blanka.1.withoutwriting,printorothermarks 空白的2.expressionless ；withoutunderstanding 无表情的；茫然的unaccustomed— 4精选文库a.notused(tosth.);notusual （对某物）不习惯的；不寻常的accustomeda.regular;usual 惯常的，通常的hesitantlyad.notdoingsth.quicklyorimmediatelyforone'suncertaintyorworryaboutit犹豫不决地infinitea.extremelygreatindegreeoramount;withoutlimitsorend 无限的；极大的precautionn.1.carefulness防备，预防2.anactiontakentoavoidsth.dangerousorunpleasant预防措施beann.豆；蚕豆motorcarn.acar汽车alarmvt.excitewithsuddenfearoranxiety使惊恐；使忧虑n.1.asuddenfeelingoffearoranxiety惊恐；忧虑2.awarningofdanger警报plungevi.(into,in)1.rushsuddenlyanddeeplyintosth.投身于2.suddenlyfallinaparticulardirection纵身投入；一头扎入fiercea.1.angry,violentandcruel暴怒的；凶猛的；残酷的2.(ofheat,strongfeelings)verygreat强烈的*slashn.alongsweepingcutorblow砍；挥击vt.cutwithlongsweepingforcefulstrokes；moveorforcewiththiskindofcuttingmovement砍，砍击；猛挥pletely；withoutconditions完全地；绝对地*terrify— 5精选文库vt.fillwithterrororfear 恐吓，使惊吓*wretcheda.veryunhappyorunfortunate 不幸的；可怜的victimn.sb.orsth.hurtorkilledasaresultofotherpeople'sactions,orofillness,badluck,etc.牺牲者，受害者；牺牲品*furyn.1.awildlyexcitedstate(offeelingoractivity)狂热；激烈2.(astateof)verygreatanger狂怒artistica.1.of.concerningartorartists艺术的；艺术家的2.madewithinventiveskillorimagination富有艺术性的companionn.mate;onewhoassociateswithoraccompaniesanother同伴；伴侣beloveda.muchloved;darling深爱的；亲爱的overcomevt.1.(oftenpass.)(by,with)(offeelings)takecontrolandinfluenceone'sbehavior［常被动］（感情等）压倒，使受不了2.winavictoryover;defeat克服；战胜*refugen.(aplacethatprovides)protectionorshelterfromharm,dangerorunhappiness避难（所）；庇护（所）alasint.acryexpressinggrief,sorroworfear唉（表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等）*revivev. 1. regain strength, consciousness, life, etc.；bring (sb. or sth.) back tostrength,consciousness,life,etc. （使）复苏；（使）重振活力2.becomeactive,popular ,orsuccessfulagain 恢复生机；复兴；重新流行glown.afeelingofwarmthorpleasure 热烈vi.emitasoftlight 发光— 6精选文库amateura.&n.(apersonwhois)notprofessional 业余（水平）的（运动员、艺术家等）entryn.1.apersonorthingtakingpartinacompetition,race,etc.参赛一员2.entrance;theactofenteringortherighttoenter进入；进入权*anonymousa.(ofaperson)withnameunknown；(ofaletter,painting,etc.)writtenorcreatedbyanunidentifiedperson名字不详的；匿名的disqualifyvt.makeordeclareunfit,unsuitable,orunabletodosth.取消的资格；使不适合；使不能relyvi.(on,upon)1.havetrustorconfidence(in)信任；信赖2.dependwithfulltrustorconfidence依赖*historiann.apersonwhostudieshistoryand/orwritesaboutit历史学家*barrena.(ofland)unproductive（土地等）贫瘠的，荒芜的awakenvt.1.(to)causetobecomeconsciousof使意识到2.causetowakeup唤醒*menacen.athreatordanger威胁abundanta.plentiful;morethanenough丰富的；充足的abundancen.agreatquantity;plenty丰富；充裕；大量odda.1.(infml.)(afternumbers)alittlemorethanthestatednumber［常用以构成复合词］以上的；出头的2.strangeorunusual奇特的；古怪的3.奇数的，单数的— 7精选文库existencen.thestateofexisting 存在；实有*pastimen.hobby ；sth.donetopasstimeinapleasantway 消遣，娱乐PhrasesandExpressionspaythepriceexperiencesth.unpleasantbecauseonehasdonesth.wrong,madeamistake,etc.付出代价cometosb.'srescuehelpsb.whenhe/sheisindangerordifficulty 解救某人，救助某人chanceuponmeetbychance;findbychance 偶然碰见；偶然发现tryone'shandattempt(todosth.),esp.forthefirsttime 尝试plungeintobegintodosth.suddenly;enterwithouthesitation 突然或仓促地开始某事；突然冲入beforeoneknowsitbeforeonehastimetoconsiderthecourseofevents 转眼之间，瞬息之间falluponattackfiercely 猛攻，猛扑takerefugeseekprotectionfromdangerorunhappiness 避难relyontrust,orconfidentlydependon 依赖，依靠fallfromofficeloseapositionofauthoritytowhichsb.waselectedorappointed 离位，下台awakentocausetobecomeconsciousof 使意识到bearfruit— 8精选文库producesuccessfulresults 结果实；有成果datefromhaveexistedsince 始自panystaywithsb.sothathe/sheisnotalone 陪伴某人ProperNamesWinstonChurchill温斯顿·丘吉尔（1874—1965，英国保守党政治家、首相［1940—1945，1951—1955］、作家）MarySoames玛丽·索姆斯FirstLordoftheAdmiralty（英国）海军大臣Dardanelles达达尼尔海峡（位于亚洲小亚细亚半岛同欧洲巴尔干半岛之间）Clementine克莱门泰因（女子名）Surrey萨里郡（英国英格兰郡名）JohnLavery约翰·莱佛利Marigold玛丽戈尔德（女子名）Chartwell查特威尔（宅名）Adolf.Hitler希特勒（1889—1945，纳粹德国元首）UNIT1TEXTA温斯顿?丘吉尔——他的另一种生活玛丽?索姆斯我的父亲温斯顿·丘吉尔是在 40几岁开始迷恋上绘画的，当时他正身处逆境。 1915— 9精选文库年，作为海军大臣，他深深地卷入了达达尼尔海峡的一场战役。 原本那次战役是能够缩短一场血腥的世界大战的， 但它却失败了，人员伤亡惨重，为此丘吉尔作为公务员和个人都付出了代价：他被免去了海军部的职务，失去了显赫的政治地位。“我本以为他会因忧伤而死的。 ”他的妻子克莱门泰因说。被这一不幸压垮的他同家人一起退隐到萨里郡的一个乡间居处 ---耘锄农场。在那儿，正如丘吉尔日后所回忆的， “绘画女神拯救了我!”一天他正在花园里漫步， 正巧碰上他的弟妹在用水彩画素描。 他观看了她几分钟， 然后借过她的画笔，试了一下身手 ----于是缪斯女神施展了她的魔法。自那天以后，温斯顿便爱上了绘画。任何能让沉浸在忧思中的温斯顿分心的事情都让克莱门泰因高兴。 于是，她赶紧去买来她所能找到的各种颜料和画具。水彩颜料、油画颜料、纸张、帆布画布 ---很快耘锄农场里便堆满了一个绘画者可能想要或需要的各样东西。画油画最终成了温斯顿的一大爱好 ---但是最初几步却出奇地艰难。他凝视着他的第一块空白画布，异乎寻常地紧张。他日后回忆道： “我迟疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料，然后小心翼翼地在雪白的底子上的画上蚕豆般大小的一笔。 就在这时，我听到车道上传来一辆汽车的声音，于是惊恐地丢下我的画笔。 当我看清是谁从汽车里走出来时， 更是惊慌失措。来者正是住在附近的著名画家约翰·莱佛利爵士的妻子。“‘在画画呢!’她大声说道。‘多么有趣。可你还在等什么呢 ?把画笔给我---大的那支。’她猛地用笔蘸起颜料， 还没等我缓过神来， 她已经挥笔泼墨在惊恐不已的画布上画下了有力的几道蓝色。谁都看得出画布无法回击。 我不再迟疑。我抓起那支最大的画笔，迅猛异常地向我可怜的牺牲品扑了过去。自那以后，我再也不曾害怕过画布。 ”后来教丘吉尔画画的莱佛利曾经说起过他这位不同寻常的学生的艺术才能： “如果他当初选择的是绘画而不是政治，他定会成为一位驾驭画笔的大师。 ”在绘画中，丘吉尔发现了一个将陪他走过大半人生的伴侣。 1921 年，他的母亲去世，两个月后，他又失去了他和克莱门泰因的 3 岁爱女玛丽戈尔德。那时，绘画是他的慰藉。悲痛欲绝的温斯顿住到了苏格兰朋友们的家中 ---并在他的绘画中寻得安慰。他写信给克莱门泰因：“我外出画了一条在午后阳光下的美丽的河流，背景是红色和金黄色的山峦。爱怜的思绪油然而生啊，我一直感受到失去玛丽戈尔德的痛楚。 ”生命、爱和希望慢慢地复苏了。 1922 年9月，克莱门泰因和温斯顿的另一个孩子出生了：那就是我。同年，温斯顿买下了查特威尔，这是他将在以后 40年里画出其所有不同风貌的他所钟爱的家。20世纪20年代中期，我父亲在伦敦举行的一次享有盛名的业余画展中赢得了一等奖，当时他一定颇为得意。参赛作品不署名，所以一些评委坚持认为温斯顿的画 ---有关查特威尔的第一批画作中的一幅 ---是一位专业画家而不是一位业余画家的作品，所以应该取消其参赛资格。但最后，他们同意信赖那位艺术家的诚实， 而在得知那幅画为丘吉尔所作时他们都很高兴。史学家们一直把 1929 年温斯顿再次被免职后的 10年称为他无所作为的十年。 也许政治上那些年(他)的确毫无作为，因为他一个人大声疾呼， 想要唤醒英国人认识到来自希特勒的威胁，然而响应者寥寥无几。但在艺术上，那些年却硕果累累：现存的 500 多幅丘吉尔的油画中，约有一半作于 1930 年至1939 年之间。绘画始终是丘吉尔的一种乐趣， 直到他生命的结束。“画家是幸福的，”他在他的《作为一种消遣的绘画》一书中写道，“因为他们不会孤独。光线与色彩，宁静与希望，将终日伴随着他们。”对我的父亲来说也是这样。UNIT2— 10精选文库TextAPre-readingActivitiesFirstListeningBeforelisteningtothetape,haveaquicklookatthefollowingblankstoprepareyourselftolistenforthefigures.Asyoulistentothepassagethefirsttime,filltheseblankswiththewordsyouhear:AsiansandAsianAmericansmakeuponly_____oftheUSpopulation,buttheycomeupto____oftheundergraduatesatHarvard,_____atMIT ,______atYaleand_____atBerkeley.SecondListeningReadthefollowingwordsfirsttoprepareyourselftoanswerthemtothebestofyourability.Talent effort money concentration ambition intelligence pressure sacrificediscriminationtraditionWhyarethesestatistics"amazing"?Andwhatdoyouthinktheexplanationis?WhyTheyExcelFoxButterfieldKim-ChiTrinhwasjustninewhenherfatherusedhissavingstobuyapassageforheronafishingboatthatwouldcarryherfromVietnam.Itwasaheartbreakingandcostlysacrificeforthefamily,placingKim-Chionthesmallboat,amongstrangers,inhopesthatshewouldeventuallyreachtheUnitedStates,whereshewouldgetagoodeducationandenjoyabetterlife.Itwasahardjourneyforthelittlegirl,andfullofrisks.Longbeforetheboatreachedsafety,thesuppliesoffoodandwaterranout.WhenKim-ChifinallymadeittotheUS,shehadtocopewithasuccessionofthreefosterfamilies.ButwhenshegraduatedfromSanDiego'sPatrickHenryHighSchoolin1988,shehadstraightA'sandscholarshipoffersfromsomeofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinthecountry."Ihavetodowell,"saysthe19-year-old,nowasecond-yearstudentatCornellUniversity."IoweittomyparentsinVietnam."Kim-Chiispartofawaveofbright,highly-motivatedAsian-Americanswhoaresuddenlysurgingintoourbestcolleges.AlthoughAsian-Americansmakeuponly2.4percentofthenation'spopulation,theyconstitute17.1percentoftheundergraduatesatHarvard,18percentattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyand27.3percentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.WhyareAsian-Americansdoingsowell?Aretheygrinds,assomestereotypessuggest?DotheyhavehigherIQs?Orcanwelearnalessonfromthemabout— 11精选文库valueswehavelongtreasuredbutmayhavemisplaced—likehardwork,thefamilyandeducation?NotallAsiansaredoingequallywell;poorly-educatedCambodianrefugeechildren,forinstance,oftenneedspecialhelp.AndmanyAsian-Americansresentbeinglabeleda"modelminority,"feelingthatthisisreversediscriminationbywhiteAmericans—acontrasttothelawsthatexcludedmostAsianimmigrantsfromtheUSuntil1965,butprejudicenevertheless.TheyoungAsians'achievementshaveledtoaseriesoffascinatingstudies.PerhapsthemostdisturbingresultscomefromtheresearchcarriedoutbyaUniversityofMichiganpsychologist,HaroldW.Stevenson,whohascomparedmorethan7,000studentsinkindergarten,firstgrade,thirdgradeandfifthgradeinChicagoandMinneapoliswithcounterpartsinBeijing,TaipeiandSendai.Onabatteryofmathtests,theAmericansdidworstatallgradelevels.StevensonfoundnodifferencesinIQ.Butifthedifferencesinperformanceareshowingupinkindergarten,itsuggestssomethingishappeninginthefamily,evenbeforethechildrengettoschool.Itisherethatvariousresearchers'differentstudiesconverge:Asianparentsaremotivatingtheirchildrenbetter."Thebottomlineis,Asiankidsworkhard,"Stevensonsays.Therealquestion,then,ishowAsianparentsimbuetheiroffspringwiththiskindofmotivation.Stevenson'sstudysuggestsacriticalanswer.Whenaskedwhytheythinktheirchildrendowell,mostAsianparentssaid"hardwork."Bycontrast,Americanparentssaid"talent.""FromwhatIcansee,"criticizesStevenson,"we'velostourfaithintheideathatwecanallgetaheadinlifethroughhardwork.Instead,Americansnowbelievethatsomekidshavewhatittakesandsomedon't.Sowestartdividingupclassesinto‘fastlearners’and‘slowlearners’,whereastheChineseaneseandJapfeelallchildrencansucceedinthesamecurriculum."ThisbeliefinhardworkisthefirstofthreemainfactorscontributingtoAsianstudents'outstandingperformance.ItspringsfromAsians'commonheritageofConfucianism,thephilosophyofthe5th-century-BCChinesesagewhoseteachingshavehadaprofoundinfluenceonChinesesociety.OneofConfucius'sprimaryteachingsisthatthrougheffort,peoplecanperfectthemselves.ConfucianismprovidesanotherimportantingredientintheAsians'successaswell.InConfucianphilosophy,thefamilyplaysacentralrole—anorientationthatleadspeopletoworkforthehonorofthefamily,notjustforthemselves.Onecanneverrepayone'sparents,andthere'sasenseofobligationorevenguiltthatisasstrongaforceamongAsiansasProtestantphilosophyisintheWest.There'syetanothermajorfactorinthisbondbetweenAsianparentsandtheirchildren.Duringthe15yearsIlivedinChina,Japan,andVietnam,InoticedthatAsianparentsestablishacloserphysicaltietotheirinfantsthanmostparentsintheUnitedStates.WhenIletmybabydaughtercrawlonthefloor,forexample,myChinesefriendswerehorrifiedandrushedtopickherup.Wethinkthis— 12精选文库constantattentionisold-fashionedorevenunhealthy,butforAsians,it'shighlyeffective.CanwelearnanythingfromtheAsians?"I'mnotnaiveenoughtothinkeverythinginAsiacanbetransplanted,"saysStevenson.Butheofferedthreerecommendations."Tostartwith,"hesays,"weneedtosethigherstandardsforourkids.Wewouldn'texpectthemtobecomeprofessionalathleteswithoutpracticinghard."Second,Americanparentsneedtobecomemorecommittedtotheirchildren'seducation,hedeclares."Beingunderstandingwhenachilddoesn'tdowellisn'tenough."StevensonfoundthatAsianparentsspendmoretimehelpingtheirchildrenwithhomeworkorwritingtotheirteachersthanAmericanparentsdo.And,third,ourschoolscouldbereorganizedinsimplebuteffectiveways,saysStevenson.Nearly90percentofChineseyoungsterssaytheyactuallyenjoyschool,and60percentcan'twaitforschoolvacationstoend.ThisisavastlymorepositiveattitudethanyoungstersinTheUSexpress.OnereasonmaybethatstudentsinChinaandJapantypicallyhaveabreakaftereachclass,helpingthemtorelaxandtoincreasetheirattentionspans."Idon'tthinkAsiansareanysmarter,"saysDonLee,anAsian-AmericanstudentatBerkeley."TherearebrilliantAmericansinmychemistryclass.ButtheAsianstudentsworkharder.IseealotofwastedpotentialamongtheAmericans."(975words)NewWordsexcelv.(at)bethebeatorbetterothers(atsth.)胜过他人savingsn.moneysaved,esp.inabank积蓄；存款heartbreakinga.whichcausesgreatsorrow令人悲痛的，令人心碎的costlya.expensive,costingalotofmoney代价高昂的；昂贵的sacrificen.lossorgivingupofsth.ofvalue,esp.forwhatisbelievedtobeagoodpurpose牺牲vt.牺牲riskn.(of)adanger；sth.thatmighthaveundesirableresults危险；风险vt.placeinadangeroussituation使遭受危险；冒的风险— 13精选文库copevi.(with)dealsuccessfully(withadifficultsituation) （妥善地）应付或处理successionn.aseriesortheactoffollowingoneaftertheother （前后相接的）一系列，一连串；连续successivea.followingeachotherclosely 接连的，连续的，相继的*foster收养孩子的；寄养的vt. 收养；照料scholarshipn.1. 奖学金学识；学术成就owevt.(to)1.havesth.(usuallysth.good)becauseof 把归功于2.havetopay,forsth.alreadydoneorgiven 欠owinga.(to)stilltobepaid 未付的，欠着的motivatevt.(oftenpass.)1.provide(sb.)witha(strong)need,purposeorreasonfordoingsth.[ 常被动] 激发的积极性2. 使有动机*surgevi.move,esp.forward,inorlikepowerfulwaves （如浪潮般） 汹涌；奔腾n. （感情等的）洋溢或奔放constitutevt.1.formormakeup 形成；构成2.formallyestablishorappoint 组建；选派constitutionn.1.theactofestablishing,making,orsettingup ；constituting 制定；设立；组成2.(oftencap.)[ 常大写]宪法；法规；章程— 14精选文库*constitutionala.allowedorlimitedbyapoliticalconstitution 宪法规定的；合乎宪法的grindn.(AmE,oftenderog.)astudentwhoisalwaysworking （美）［常贬义］用功的学生，书呆子vt. 磨；磨碎*stereotypen.afixedpatternwhichisbelievedtorepresentatypeofpersonorevent 固定形式，老套misplacevt.1.lose(sth.),usu.foronlyalimitedtime （暂时）丢弃2.putinanunsuitableorwrongplace 把放错地方refugeen.sb.whohasbeenforcedtoleavetheircountryforpoliticalreasonorduringawar难民；流亡者*resentvt.feelangeranddislikeaboutsth. 对表示愤恨labelvt.1.describeasbelongingtoaparticularkindorclass 把称为；把列为2. 加标签于；用标签标明n. 标签minorityn.1.asmallpartofapopulationwhichisdifferentfromothersinrace,religion,etc.少数民族；少数派2.thesmallnumberorpart ；lessthanhalf 少数minor较少的，较小的*discriminationn.1.thepracticeofunfairlytreatingsb.orsth. 区别对待；歧视2.theabilitytorecognizethedifferencebetweentwothings 识别力；辨别力reversediscriminationthe making of distinctions in favour of groups considered disadvantaged orunderprivileged 逆向歧视，反其道而行之的歧视— 15精选文库*discriminatev.1.(against,infavorof)unfairlytreatonepersonorgroupworseorbetterthanothers 有差别地对待2.seeormakeadifferencebetweenthingsorpeople 区别，辨别，区分contrastn.(to,with)astrongdifferencebetweentwopeople,objectsorsituations 对比；对照v.examine(twothings)inordertofindorshowdifferences 对比；对照excludevt.keepoutfromaplaceoranactivity 阻止进入；把排斥在外exclusionn.theactofexcludingorfactofbeingexcluded 拒绝；排斥exclusivea.(of)nottakingintoaccount ；without ；excluding 不算；不包括；把 排斥在外exclusivelyad.only ；andnothing/nooneelse 排斥其他地；专有地；单独地immigrantn.apersonwhohascometoliveinacountryfromabroad 移民；侨民prejudicen. unfair and usually unfavorable feeling or opinion about a group —e.g.anationalityorrace 歧视；偏见；成见seriesn.1.(of)asetorgroupofthingsofthesamekindorrelatedinsomeway,comingoneafteranotherorinorder 系列；连接丛书；广播（或电视）系列节目fascinatinga.havinggreatattractionorcharm 吸引人的；迷人的*fascinatevt.(with)charmpowerfully ；beveryinterestingto 强烈地吸引；迷住disturbinga.causingworryorfright 令人不安的；令人烦恼的disturb— 16精选文库vt.1.breakthepeaceororderof 扰乱；打扰2.causetobecomeanxiousorupset 使心神不安；使烦恼*disturbancen.1.anactofdisturbingorthestateofbeingdisturbed 打扰；扰乱2.sth.thatdisturbs 造成干扰的事物kindergartenn.aschoolorclassforyoungchildren,usu.betweentheagesoffourandsix 幼儿园*counterpartn.apersonorthingthathasthesamepurposeordoesthesamejobasanotherinadifferentsystem 对应的人（或物）；对手（方)batteryn.1.(of)asetornumberofthingsofthesamekindoccurringinrapidsuccession一组；一系列电池（组）*convergevi.(oftwoormorethings)cometogethertowardsthesamepoint（在一点上）会合；集中thebottomlinethebasicpoint基本要点imbuev.(with)(usu.pass.)tofillwith(sth.,oftenastrongfeelingoropinion)［常被动］灌输（某种强烈的情感或意见）*offspringn.achildorchildrenfromparticularparents子女；后代vidingacarefuljudgmentofthegoodandbadqualitiesofsth.判断（或评价）审慎的2.批判的3.关键的criticize(-cise)v.1.makejudgmentsaboutthegoodorbadpointsof评论2.judgewithdisapproval；pointoutthefaultsof批评；指责— 17精选文库criticismn.unfavorablejudgmentorexpressionofdisapproval 批评；指责curriculumn.theprogramofstudyofferedinaschool,college,etc. 课程，大纲factorn. any of the facts,conditions, influences, etc. thatact with others to bringaboutaresult 因素，要素outstandinga.1.betterthanothers,verygood 杰出的；优秀的2.easilyseen,important 显要的；重要的*heritagen.atradition,custom,orqualitywhichispasseddownovermanyyearswithinafamily,socialgroup,ornationandwhichisthoughtofasbelongingtoallitsmembers继承物，遗产；传统philosophy哲学sagen.sb.,esp.anoldmanorhistoricalperson,knownforhiswisdomandlongexperience圣贤；哲人primarya.1.chief,main 主要的2.earliestintimeororderofdevelopment 最初的ingredientn.1.oneoftheessentialpartsofasituation 因素；要素2. 成分centrala.1.chief,main,ofgreatestimportance 主要的，最重要的2.being(at,in,ornear)thecenter （位居）中心的*orientationn.adirectionorposition 取向；方位；定位*repayvt.reward ；payback 偿还；回报— 18精选文库obligationn.sth.thatonemustdooutofadutyorpromise 义务；责任guiltn.1.thefeelingsproducedbyknowledgeorbeliefthatonehasdonewrong 内疚2.thefactofhavingbrokenamoralruleorofficiallaw 罪（行）bondn.1.sth.thatunitestwoormorepeople,orgroups,suchasasharedfeelingorinterest联结；联系公债，债券合约crawlvi.&n.爬（行）horrifyvt.shockgreatly；fillwithhorror吓；使感惊骇unhealthya.1.likelytocauseillnessorpoorhealth有碍健康的2.notverystrongorwell,oftenill体弱多病的，不结实的，不健康的*naivea.1.toowillingtobelieveortrust轻信的2.withoutexperience(asofsocialrulesorbehaviour),esp.becauseoneisyoung幼稚的；天真的*transplantvt.movesth.fromoneplaceandplant,settleorestablishelsewhere移植；移居recommendationn.1.suggestion,pieceofadvice建议2.推荐信vacationn.(esp.AmE)holiday假期；休假vastlyad.1.verygreatly非常大地2.广阔地vast— 19精选文库a.1.verylargeandwide 广阔的；广大的2.greatinamount 大量的positivea.1.(ofpeople)sure,havingnodoubtaboutsth. 无疑问的；确定的2.certain,beyondanydoubt 肯定的3.(ofastatement)direct 正面的spann.1.thelengthoftimeoverwhichastatedthingcontinuesorworkswell 持续时间2. 跨度；跨距attentionspanalengthoftimeoverwhichonecanconcentrate 注意力的持续时间PhrasesandExpressionsmakeit(to)(aplace)succeedingetting(to)(aplace) 成功抵达某地owetohave(sth.good)becauseof 把归功于imbuewith(use.pass.)fill(sb),with(sth.),esp.astrongfeelingoropinion[ 常被动] 向灌输bycontrastverydifferently(fromsth.previouslymentioned) ；ontheotherhand 对比之下getaheadbesuccessfulinone'scareer 获得成功；出头havewhatittakes(infml.)havethequalificationsnecessaryforsuccess 具备取得成功的必要条件springfrombeaproductorresultof ；originatefrom 发源于；来自can'twait(forsth.)beexcitedaboutandeager(forsth.) 迫不及待，等不及ProperNames— 20精选文库FoxButterfield富克斯·巴特菲尔德TrinhKim-Chi郑金枝（越南人名）Vietnam越南SanDiego圣地亚哥（美国港市，位于加利福尼亚州南部）PatrickHenryHighSchool帕特里克·亨利中学CornellUniversity康奈尔大学（美国纽约州一大学）MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)（美国）马萨诸塞州理工学院（或译麻省理工学院）IQintelligencequotient 智商Cambodian柬埔寨的UniversityofMichigan（美国）密歇根大学HaroldW.Stevenson哈罗德·W·斯蒂文森Minneapolis明尼阿波利斯 （美国明尼苏达州东南部城市）Taipei台北（台湾省）Sendai仙台（日本本州岛东北岸港市）Confucianism— 21精选文库孔子学说，儒学Confucius孔子Confuciann.&a. 孔子（的）；儒学（的）；孔子信徒；儒士Protestantn.&a. 新教徒；新教（教徒）的LeeDon李·唐UNIT2TEXTA他们为何出类拔萃富克斯·巴特菲尔德当郑金枝的父亲用积蓄的钱为她买了一