2022-2023年湖南省张家界市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)

2022-2023年湖南省张家界市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Inancienttimes.athletesWhoshowexcellentskillsinsportscouldbeentitledto______.

2.

Ithastakenapproximately1500yearsfortheCelticlanguagetodevelop.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Theauthorstronglybelievesthatparentsshouldcareasmuchabout______aswith______.

4.

Healthmightbedefinedastheabilitytofunctioneffectivelyinmeetingphysical,emotional,andmentalstressesoflife.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Riceisone.ofthemajorGMcropscontaininggeneswhichhelptoeitherresistinsectortolerateweed-killingherbicides.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Topromoteaproducttoaspecificaudience,acopywritershouldtryhisbestto______.

7.

MusiclyricsofEminemarefullof______,buttheyareverypopular.

8.

Freudbelievedthatinchildhoodsomepeopleexperiencedeepfeelingstheyareashamedofandthesefeelingsoftenfadeawayintotheunconsciousmind,butmayreturnindreamsinlaterlife.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.AccordingtoEkmanwhostudiesmicro-facialexpressionsofliars,awrinklednoseprobablyshowsone's______.

10.

Theauthorcomparesourmemoryfirstto"filecabinets"(Paragraph5)andthentoan"ever-greentree"(thelastparagraph).Thisspecialcomparisonisknownas

11.Comparedwithbeingliars,itis______todetectaliaraccordingtothestudy.

12.

BypretendingtobeaMartian,wemay______.

A.feelrelaxedandinterestedinsolvingtheproblem

B.findawayouttoescapetheproblemtemporarily

C.avoidstereotypesandseetheproblemfromafreshangle

D.findoutthesignificanceofimagination

13.

areappliedinconventionalfarmingforweedcontrol.

14.WorkandPlay

Whatdowemeanbyleisure,andwhyshouldweassumethatitrepresentsaproblemtobesolvedbythearts?Thegreatagesofartwerenotconspicuousfortheirleisure—atleast,artwasnotanactivityassociatedwithleisure.Itwasacraftlikeanyother,concernedwiththemakingofnecessarythings.Leisure,inthepresentmeaningoftheword,didnotexist.Leisure,beforetheIndustrialRevolution,meantnomorethan"time"or"opportunity";"Ifyourleisureserved,Iwouldspeakwithyou",saysoneofShakespeare'scharacters.Phraseswhichwestilluse,suchas"atyourleisure",preservethisoriginalmeaning.

Butwhenwespeakofleisurenowadays,wearenotthinkingofsecuringtimeoropportunitytodosomething;timeisheavyonourhandsandtheproblemishowtofillit.Leisurenolongersignifiesaspacewithsomedifficultysecuredagainstthepressureofevents:ratheritisapervasiveemptinessforwhichwemustinventoccupations.Leisureisavacuum,adesperatestateofvacancyavacancyofmindandbody.Ithasbeencommandeeredbythesociologistsandthepsychologists:itisaproblem.

Ourdiurnalexistenceisdividedintotwophases,asdistinctasdayandnight.Wecallthemworkandplay.Weworksomanyhoursaday,and,whenwehaveallowedthenecessaryminimumforsuchactivitiesaseatingandshopping,therestwespendinvariousactivitieswhichareknownasrecreations,anelegantwordwhichdisguisesthefactthatweusuallydonotevenplayinourhoursofleisure,butspendtheminvariousformsofpassiveenjoymentorentertainment-notfootballbutwatchingfootballmatches;notacting,buttheatre-going;notwalking,butridinginamotorcoach.

Weneedtomake,therefore,ahardandfastdistinctionnotonlybetweenworkandplaybut,equally,betweenactiveplayandpassiveentertainment.Itis,Isuppose,thedeclineofactiveplayofamateursportandtheenormousgrowthofpurelyreceptiveentertainmentwhichhasgivenrisetoasociologicalinterestintheproblem.Ifthegreaterpartofthepopulation,insteadofindulginginsport,spendtheirhoursofleisureviewingtelevisionprogrammes,therewillinevitablybeadeclineinhealthandphysique.And,inaddition,therewillbeapsychologicalproblem,forwehaveyettotracethementalandmoralconsequencesofaprolongeddietofsentimentalorsensationalspectaclesonthescreen.Thereis,ifweareoptimistic,thepossibilitythatthedietistoothinandunnourishingtohavemuchpermanenteffectonanybody.Ninefilmsoutoftenseemtoleaveabsolutelynoimpressiononthemindorimaginationofthosewhoseethem:fewpeoplecangiveacoherentaccountofthefilmtheysawtheweekbeforelast,andatlongerintervalstheymustrelyonthemanagementtoseethattheydonotsitthroughthesamefilmtwice.

Wehavetoliveartifwewouldbeaffectedbyart.Wehavetopaintratherthantookatpaintings,toplayinstrumentsratherthangotoconcerts,todanceandsingandactourselves,engagingalloursensesintheritualanddisciplineofthearts.Thensomethingmaybegintohappentous:toworkuponourbodiesandoursouls.

Itisonlywhenentertainmentisactive,participatedin,practised,thatitcanproperlybecalledplay,andassuchitisanaturaluseofleisure.Inthatsenseplaystandsincontrasttowork,andisusuallyregardedasanactivitythatalternateswithwork.Itistherethatthefinalandmostfundamentalerrorentersintoourconceptionofdailylife.

Workitselfisnotasingleconcept.Wesayquitegenerallythatweworkinordertomakealiving:toearn,thatistosay,sufficienttokenswhichwecanexchangeforfoodandshelterandalltheotherneedsofourexistence.Butsomeofusworkphysically,tillingtheland,mindingthemachines,diggingthecoal;o

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15.

Accordingtothepassage,eighthoursanight______.

A.isunlikeeightglassesofwateraday

B.isonlysoundintheory

C.isapplicabletoeveryone

D.isarulewithpublicobedience

16.WaterWarnings

UrgentTasksforChina

Waterhaslongbeenconsideredaninexhaustibleresource.ButChinaisfacinganunmistakablewatercrisis,andrecently,becauseofincreasinglyhard-to-misssymptomsoftheshortage,peopleinallpartsofsocietyarebeginningtorealizejusthowpreciouscommoditywaterreallyis.

Atfirstglance,itseemslikethereshouldbeenough:China'stotalsupplyoffreshwaterresourcesrankssixthintheworld,afterBrazil,Russia,Canada,theUnitedStatesandIndonesia.Butdespitethisapparentadvantage,China'spercapitawaterresourcesfallfarbelowtheworldaverageof7,600cubicmetersper-capitaduetothecountry'senormouspopulationsize.China'sper-capitaamountof2,200cubicmetersisexpectedtodecreasefurtherasthecountrycontinuesitsrapideconomicgrowthandpopulationexpansion.

"Withoutexcessivelyexploitingundergroundwater,Chinahasawatergapofnearly40billioncubicmeters.Thecountry's320millionruralpeoplearen'tabletodrinksafewaterandover400citiesdon'thavesufficientwatersupply,110ofwhichfaceaseriousshortage,"WangShucheng,MinisterofWaterResources,saidrecently.

Somewaterresourcesexpertswarnthatthecurrentshortageisnomorethanawarningsignal,withagreatercrisisyettocome.TheMinistryofWaterResourcesissuedawatercrisiswarningasearlyasNovember2001.AtthetimeitsaidthatwhentheChinesepopulationpeaksat1.6billionin2030,China'sper-capitawaterresourcescouldfallto1,700cubicmeters,theinternationallyacknowledgedlevelbelowwhichanareaissaidtobeexperiencing"waterstress".

PoorNaturalConditions

Scantwaterresourcestoslakethethirstsofapopulationof1.3billion,andtheunevengeographicaldistributionoftheseresources,form.thebasisofwaterconditionsinChina.

Affectedbymonsoons(季候风),China'sprecipitation(降水量)variesconsiderablyamongdifferent

seasons.Thetimeofprecipitationoverlaps(交迭)withthehottestseasons,mostlyinsummerandautumnandscarcelyinwinterandspring.Generally,regionswiththelowestprecipitationlevelsreceiveitconcentratedlyonlyatcertaintimesoftheyear,whicheasilygivesrisetodroughtinspringandfloodinginsummer.Meanwhile,twothirdsofChina'swaterresourcesiscomprisedofrunoffflooding,whichmeansriversoftenfloodintherainyseasonanddryupatothertimes.

China'swaterresourcesarealsodistributedgeographicallyunevenly,inconsistentwiththedistributionofland,mineralresourcesandproductivity.Generally,waterresourcesareconcentratedinthesouthernandeasternpartsofthecountry,andinmountainousareas.Annualprecipitationamountsvaryfrommorethan3,000millimetersinthesoutheasttolessthan50millimetersinthenorthwest.

Chinaispronetofloodsanddroughts,such-astheseveredroughtthathitChongqingandSichuaninsouthwestChinathissummer,thecountry'sworstin50years.Whilepercapitawaterresourcesinsomeareasofthenorthapproachthelevelofthedriestcountriesintheworld,thewater-richsouthoftensuffersfromseasonaldroughts,whichadverselyaffectsrice,themajorcropreliantonwatering,aswellasothercashcrops.Thelasttwodecadeshaveseenanominalchangeinthecountry'ssurfacewaterresourcesandtotalwaterresources.Yetcluetofactorssuchasglobalclimatechangeandriverdrainage,andtotalwaterresourcesinsouthChinaarerisingwhilewaterresourcesinthenortharefallingsignificantly.

ASeriesofMeasuresAdoptedbyChineseGovernment

Againstthesedifficultconditions,theChineseGovernmenthastakenaseriesofmeasurestotryandguaranteethebasicwaterdemandsnecessaryfordailylifeandsocialandeconomicdevelopment.Sincethefoundingoft

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Itissuggestedthattheauthor'ssuggestionissomethinglikeusingboththestick______.

18.

Throughreadingthisarticle,wecanconcludethattheauthorisa(n)______person.

19.

Accordingtoahoaxannouncement,theTacoBellCorporationboughttheLibertyBellandmovedittoIrvinetohelp______

20.

Studyshowsthatthepollenform.GMplantscanbecarriedon______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：M:Hello,Cindy.Congratulations!Ihearyou'regettingmarried,When'sthebigday?

W:Thankyou.We'replanningaJunewedding,butwehaven'tpickedadateyet.

Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?

(13)

A.Shewillgetmarriedwiththemalespeaker.

B.Shewillgetmarriedthiswinter.

C.Shehasgotmarriedforaboutsixmonths.

D.ShehasdecidedtomarryinJune.

22.听力原文：Youmayrememberthatafewweeksagowediscussedthequestionofwhatphotographyis.Isitartorisitamethodofreproducingimages?Doesphotographybelongtoamuseumorjustinourhomes?TodayIwanttotalkaboutapersonwhotriedtomakehisprofessionallifeananswertosuchquestions.AlfredStieglitzwentfromtheUnitedStatestoGermanytostudyengineering.Whilehewastherehebecameinterestedinphotographyandbegantoexperimentwithhiscamera.Hetookpicturesunderconditionsthatmostphotographersconsideredtoodifficult.Hetookthematnight,intherainandofpeopleandobjectsreflectedinwindows.WhenhereturnedtotheUnitedStateshecontinuedthisrevolutionaryeffort.Stieglitzwasthefirstpersontophotographskyscrapers,cloudsandviewsfromanairplane.WhatStieglitzwastryingtodoinhisphotographswaswhathetriedtodothroughouthislife—makephotographyanart.Hethoughtthatphotographycouldbejustasbeautifulaform.ofself-expressionaspaintingordrawing.ForStieglitz,hiscamerawashisbrush.Whilemanyphotographersinthelater1800sandearly1900sthoughtoftheirworkasareproductionofidenticalimages,Stieglitzsawhisascreativeartform.Heunderstoodthepowerofthecameratocapturethemoment.Infactheneverretouchedhisprintsormadecopiesofthem.Ifyouareinthisclassfromtoday,I'msureyou'dsay:Well,paintersdon'tnormallymakeextracopiesoftheirpaintings,dothey?

(30)

A.Thedefinitionofphotography.

B.Photographyintheearly1900's.

C.ThelifeofAlfredStieglitz.

D.AlfredStieglitz'sapproachtophotography.

23.

【B9】

24.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Manycountriesexistinthisworld.Howtodealwiththeproblemsamongthem?Socomeswiththeinternationalcommunities.Amajorglobal【B1】______grouponSundaycalledformembercountriesoftheWorldTradeOrganizationtoworkforanendtoallsubsidiestofishing【B2】______andhelpdepletedfishingstocksrecover.

Atanewsconferenceonthe【B3】______ofakeyWTOmeeting,theWorldWideFundforNaturealsoarguedthattheexpectednewroundoftradeliberalizationnegotiationsmusttakeenvironmentalneedsinto【B4】______.

"InSeattle,ministersmustcomeoutwithmorethanjust【B5】______andpromisesonfishingsubsidies,"saidDavidSchorr,WWF-US(thatis,theWorldWidefund)【B6】______forsustainable【B7】______.Talkonnewbindingrulesbarringfishing【B8】______"muststartnow",headded.

SomeoftheseaccusetheWTOofbowingtomultinationalcompanieswhohavenoconcernfortheplanet'secologyinthedriveforprofits.WWFdeclared:"【B9】______."WWF-InternationaltradeandinvestmentdirectorCharlesArden,Clarkesaidduringthenewsconference:"【B10】______.Wearetryingtoworktoreform.thesystemratherthantearingitdown.Developingcountriesknowtheyneedittorestraintheraweconomicpowerofthebiggerstates.""【B11】______,"Schorrdeclared.

【B1】

25.(22)

A.Itisnotclearandneedstoberevised.

B.Itprovidestoolittleinformation.

C.Itmakesthedraftappeartoosimplistic.

D.Itisnotrelevanttotheapproachthewomanhastaken.

26.听力原文：W:Whatisthatyouarelisteningto?Thatbeat'ssostrongthatIcan'tconcentrateonmywork.

M:Noproblem.Icanswitchovertosomethinglighter.

Q:Whatwillthemanprobablydo?

(16)

A.Turndownthevolumeofthemusic.

B.Turnthemusicoff.

C.Playadifferentstyle.ofmusic.

D.Listentomusicinadifferentroom.

27.【B9】

28.(25)

A.Foritscheapprice.

B.Foritsauthenticdecoration.

C.Foritsquietenvironment.

D.Foritstastyfood.

29.听力原文：M:Moreandmoreyoungstersareinterestedinthecauseofpublicgood.

W:Ithinkthegovernmentshouldkeepthepotboiling.

Q:Accordingtothewoman,whatshouldthegovernmentdo?

(17)

A.Thegovernmentshouldhelpthoseyoungsters.

B.Thegovernmentshouldtaketheplaceofthoseyoungsters.

C.Thegovernmentshouldencouragethoseyoungsters.

D.Thegovernmentshouldplacerestrictionsonthoseyoungsters.

30.(26)

A.Yes,shewill.

B.Shehasnotmadeherdecisionyet.

C.No,shewon't.

D.Itisnotknown.

31.(35)

A.Itispartofthenaturewewerebornwith.

B.Self-respectisagiftgivenbyothers.

C.Thereisnowaytoincreaseself-respect.

D.Itdependsonwhatwecanorcannotdo.

32.听力原文：Throughouthistorymanhaschangedhisphysicalenvironmentinordertoimprovehiswayoflife.

Withthetoolsoftechnologyhehasalteredmanyphysicalfeaturesoftheearth.Hehastransformedwoodlandsintofarmland,andmadelakesandreservoirsoutofriversforirrigationpurposesorhydroelectricpower.Manhasalsomodifiedthefaceoftheearthbydrainingmarshesandcuttingthroughmountainstobuildroadsandrailways.

However,man'schangestothephysicalenvironmenthavenotalwayshadbeneficialresults.Today,pollutionoftheairandwaterisanincreasingdangertothehealthoftheplanet.Eachdaythousandsoftonsofgasescomeoutoftheexhaustsofmotorvehicles;smokefromfactoriespollutestheairofindustrializedareasandthesurroundingareasofcountryside.Theairincitiesisbecomingincreasinglyunhealthy.

Thepollutionofwaterisequallyharmful.Inthesea,pollutionfromoilisincreasingandiskillingenormousnumbersofalgae(averysimpleplantwithoutstemsorleavesthatgrowsinornearwater),fishandbirds.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheseaisbeingchanged.Thesameproblemexistsinrivers,Industrialwasteshavealreadymademanyriverslifeless.

Conservationistsbelievethatitisnownecessaryformantolimitthegrowthoftechnologyinordertosurviveonearth.

(30)

A.Betteringhiswayoflife.

B.Improvinghissurroundings.

C.Modifyingthefaceoftheplanet.

D.Alteringthephysicalfeaturesoftheearth.

33.听力原文：Architectureistobuildingasliteratureistotheprintedword.Thebestbuildingsareoftensowellconstructedthattheyoutlasttheiroriginaluse.Theythensurvivenotonlyasbeautifulobjects,butasdocumentsofthehistoryofcultures.Theseachievementsareneverwhollytheworkofindividuals.Architectureisasocialart.

Therevivalofclassicalculturebroughtaboutanentirelynewage,notonlyinphilosophyandliteraturebutinthevisualartsaswell.Inarchitecture,theprinciplesandstylesofancientGreeceandRomewerebroughtbacktolifeandreinterpreted.Theyremaineddominantuntilthe20thcentury.

Manykindsofstoneareusedasbuildingmaterials.Stoneandmarblewerechosenforimportantmonumentsbecausetheyarenotburnableandcanbeexpectedtoendure.Stonearchitecturewasoftenblendedwithstonesculpture.Theuseofstonehasdeclined,however,becauseanumberofothermaterialsaremoreadaptabletoindustrialuse.

Thecomplexityofmodernlifecallsforavarietyofbuildings.Morepeopleliveinmasshousingandgotoworkinlargeofficebuildings;theyspendtheirincomeinlargeshoppingcentres,sendtheirchildrentomanydifferentkindsofschools,andwhentheyaresicktheygotospecializedhospitalsandclinics.Allthesedifferenttypesofbuildingsaccumulatedexperiencesneededbytheirdesigners.

Bythemiddleofthe20thcentury,modernarchitecture,whichwasinfluencedbynewtechnologyandmassproduction,wasdealingwithincreasinglycomplexsocialneeds.Importantcharacteristicsofmodernarchitecturalworksareexpansesofglassandtheuseofreinforcedconcrete.

(30)

A.Agovernmentdocument.

B.Aliterarywork.

C.Asocialart.

D.Anindividual'screation.

34.听力原文：Forcenturies,parrotshavebeenprizedpetsbecauseoftheirstrangetalentforimitatinghumanspeech.Theyareabletohearvocalranges,memorizethetones,andthenrepeatwhattheyhaveheard.Oftenthisskillisusedtoentertainpeople.Butrecently,anAmazonparrot,namedBaby,wasabletoputthisabilitytoworkbyhelpingpolicebreakupagangofburglarsresponsibleforover$50,000inpropertytheft.

Babyhelpedthepolicetoidentifythegangofthieves.ArecentrobberyvictimreportedtotheBaytown,Texaspolicethatherparrot,Babystartedactingstrangelyandsayingnewphrasesaftertherobbery.Beforetherobbery,Babyhadonlyatwenty-eightvocabulary;afterwards,thebirdstartedsayingtheadditionalphrases"Comeback,Robert!"and"Comehere,Ronnie!"

Thepolicedetectivesweredelighted.Althoughonemanhadalreadybeenarrested,RonnieandRobertwerethenamesoftheirtwotopsuspectswhowerebelievedtohaveaidedthefirstman.Underquestioning,thissuspectexplainedwhathadhappened.Whentherobbersenteredthehouse,theyheardBabytalkingandthoughtthatsomeonewashome.RonnieandRobertbeganrunningaway,whilethethirdmanyelledforthemtocomeback.Babyrememberedthisincidentandrecordedtheirvoicesinhermemory.

(33)

A.Avictim.B.Apolicedetective.C.Arobber.D.Apetbird.

35.(34)

A.Achangeinthestatusofeducated.

B.Achangeinthenatureofreading.

C.Anincreaseinthenumberofbooks.

D.Anincreaseintheaverageageofreaders.

36.听力原文：M:Isthistableinthecornerokay?

W:Sure.Wecansithere.

M:Gee.You'vehardlygotanythingonyourtray.

W:Yeah.IguessI'mjustnotthathungry.

M:What'sthematter?Aren'tyoufeelingwell?

W:Well,I'vebeenreallyworried.It'smycar.It'sintheshopagain.

M:Really?What'swrongthistime?

W:Idon'tknowexactly.Somethingiswrongwiththebrakes,Ithink.

M:Well,atleastthatshouldn'tcostyoumuchtofix.PartsarecheaperforalltheAmericancarslikeyours.Didthemechanicsayhowmuchitwouldcost?

W:Hesaidhewouldcallmewithanestimatelaterontoday.

M:Watchout,hedoesn'ttrytotakeadvantageofyou.

W:Whatdoyoumean?

M:Well,Somecarmechanics.Iftheythinkthatsomeonedoesn'tknowmuchaboutcars,theymighttrytooverchargethatperson.

W:Maybeso.ButItrustthisguy.Hewasrecommendedbyoneofmyneighbors.Hehasdonesomeworkformeinthepastandhispricesseemedtobereasonable.

M:Oh,that'sgoodtoknow.MaybeI'lltryusinghiminthefuture.Bytheway,doyouneedaridehomeafterclasstoday?

W:Oh,I'dsureappreciateit.It'sreallytoughgettingaroundwithoutacarwhenyouliveoffcampus.

(23)

A.Ithasbrokendownbefore.

B.Shegenerallydoesn'tallowpeopletoborrowit.

C.Sheistryingtosellit,

D.Sheboughtitfromafriend,

37.(46)

38.(24)

A.Heshoutedathiswife.

B.Hejuststoodthere.

C.Hecrawledunderthetable.

D.Helostconsciousness.

39.(29)

A.MostLondonerswerefrightened.

B.MostLondonersbecameratherconfused.

C.MostLondonerstookExerciseFloodcatlcalmly.

D.MostLondonerscomplainedaboutthetroublecausedbyExerciseFloodcall.

40.【B1】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Fromthispassageweknowthat______.

A.itwasrainingthatday

B.itdidn'trainthatday,butitrainedthedaybefore

C.therewasnorainforalongtimeanditwouldn'trainforthecorningweek

D.therainwaspossibleifthegentlewindcontinued

42.WhenmentioningtheattitudeofPrimeMinisterTonyBlair,someuniversitiesworry______.

A.thefutureorientationofuniversities

B.thefinancialproblemsofuniversities

C.theinfluenceofgovernment'spolicyonuniversities

D.thepurityofuniversitiesinitsfieldofacademeresearch

43.Antiseptics(杀菌剂)havesavedcountlesslives,buttheyaremosteffectivewhenthebacteriatheyareattackingareindividualcellsinsuspension.Oncebacteriahaveattachedthemselvestosolidsurfacesandformedfilms,theyarefarhardertoeradicatewithstandarddisinfectants.Bacterialpollutionofmedicaldevicesisaparticularproblem,asthosedevicesarethenusedonpeoplewhoseimmunesystemsmaybeinlessthanbestcondition.Surgicalinstrumentsmaybetreatedwithultravioletlight,butthatisnotappropriateforeverything.Theresultisthatinfectionsarisingfrombacteriaattachedtosurfacesinclinicsandhospitalsarereckonedtocauseupto1.4mdeathsperyear.

Inordertodevelopabettermethodofdisinfection,ateamledbyDavidWhittenoftheUniversityofNewMexicoandKirkSchanzeoftheUniversityofFloridasetouttodesigntheequivalentofamousetrapforbacteria.Thedevicetheycameupwithisanemptycapsulefivemicronsacross.Itismadeofalternatinglayersoftwopolymers'(聚合体),oneofwhichispositivelycharged,andtheothernegativelyso.Theseoppositechargesservetoholdthecapsuletogether.

Thepolymersinquestionalsoabsorblightinawaythatislikelytotransfertheabsorbedenergytonearbyoxygenmolecules(氧分子)tocreatewhatisknownassingletoxygen,aparticularlyreactiveform.oftheelementthatwouldkillanybacteriainsidethecapsule.

Totestthisidea,thetworesearchersranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtheyexposedtheirnewlybuiltmicrocapsulestoPseudomonasaeruginosa,afatalbacteriumcommonly,foundinhospitals,andalsotoCobetiamarina,abacteriumthatfrequentlyadherestoshipsandmarineequipment,causingdirt.Theyfoundthatinbothcasesthemicrocapsulesattractedandcapturedbacteriathatwerenearby.Afteronehourofexposuretolight,theyreportinaforthcomingissueofAppliedMaterials&Interfaces,thecapsuleskilledmorethan95%ofthebacteriausedinthestudy.

Whatkillsthebacteriaisclear:itisthesingletoxygen.Whatisattractingthemintothemicrocapsules,though,isnotwellunderstood.Theresearchersinferthatthepositiveelectricchargemayhavethefunctionofattractingbacteria,sincemanybacteriaarenegativelychargedandwouldthusbeattractedtothepolymerinquestion.Alternatively,becausebothbacteriaandpolymersarerepelledbywatertheymaybepushedtogetherbythisjointrepulsion.Howeveritworks,theresultiswhatDr.Whittendescribesasamicro-sizedRoachMotel("Bacteriacheckin,buttheydon'tcheckout").Iftheideacanbescaledup,itmayproveausefulweaponinthefightagainsthospital-causedinfectionandmarine-dirtalike.

Accordingtothepassage,theantisepticswillbelesseffectivewhen______.

A.thebacteriaarefloatinginindividualcells

B.thebacteriapollutethemedicaldevicesinthehospital

C.thebacteriaadheretosolidsurfaces,wrappedbyfilms

D.thedisinfectantsarenotsostandard

44.(58)

45.

Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat______.

A.rewardsarequiteeffectiveinAmerica

B.rewardscanpromoteproductivityinAmerica

C.Americansspeakhighlyofrewards

D.rewardsarenotsopopularinAmericansociety

46.

【C9】

47.

Accordingtotheresearchers,______issignificantlydifferentfromonedrinktoanother.

48.

Thespreadofradioandcinemawasaccompaniedby______.

A.lessleadingB.morereadingC.lesswritingD.morebooks

49.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Eachculturehasitsownform.ofacceptablegreetingbehavior,usuallybasedonthelevelofformalityfoundwithinthesociety.Therulesofsocialdistanceetiquette(礼节)varybyculture.Africans,forexample,arefarless【C1】______intheirgreetingsthanEuropeans.Expectawarmphysicalgreeting,anextendedhandshakeorahandontheshoulderinmostAfricancultures.Alsoexpecttobeaskedhowyourtripwasandhowyourfamil