2022-2023年湖南省岳阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）

2022-2023年湖南省岳阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1～7,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8～10,completethesentencesWiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Influenza

Influenzaiscausedbyavirustransmittedfromonepersontoanotherindropletscoughedorsneezedintotheair.Itischaracterizedbycoldlikesymptomspluschills,fever,headaches,muscleaches,andfatigue.Mostpeoplerecovercompletelyinaboutaweek.

Inadditiontohumans,influenzaoccursinpigs,horses,andseveralothermammals(哺乳动物)aswellasincertainwildanddomesticatedbirds.Atleastsomeinfluenzavirusescanjumpfromonespeciestoanother.Forexample,inlate1997astrainoftheinfluenzavirusinchickensbegantoinfecthumansinHongKong,leadingtoamassiveeffecttoremovethestrain.

Manymillionsofpeopledeveloptheflueachyear.Inmostyearslessthan1percentofthoseinfecteddie.Nonetheless,thistranslatesintolargenumbers.TheUnitedStatesCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)estimatesthatinfluenzacausesmorethan20,000deathsintheUnitedStateseachyear;combined,influenzaandpneumonia(肺炎)areamongthenation'stenleadingcausesofdeath.Duringepidemicsandpandemics,deathratessoar.Theinfluenzapandemicthatoccurredbetween1918and1919--theworseonrecord--killedabout500,000peopleintheUnitedStatesandmorethan20millionpeopleworldwide.

Symptomsanddiagnosis

Influenzaisanacutediseasewitharapidonsetandobvioussymptoms.Aftertheinfluenzavirusinvadesaperson'sbody,anperiodofoneortwodayspassesbeforesymptomsappear.Classicsymptomsincludesorethroat,drycough,stuffedorrunnyno,se,chills,feverwithtemperaturesashighas39℃,achingmusclesandjoints,headache,lossofappetite,occasionalnauseaandvomiting,andfatigue.Formostpeopleflusymptomsbegintosubsideaftertwotothreedaysanddisappearinseventotendays.However,coughingandfatiguemaypersistfortwoormoreweeks.

Deathfrominfluenzaitselfisrare.Butinfluenzacanworsenunderlyingmedicalconditions,suchasheartorlungdisease.Invadinginfluenzavirusesproduceinflammation(发炎)intheliningoftherespiratorytract,damagethatincreasestheriskthatsecondaryinfectionswilldevelop.Commoncomplicationsincludebronchitis,sinusitis,andbacterialpneumonia,occurringmostfrequentlyintheelderly,peopleonchemotherapy(化学疗法),andpeoplewithacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)oranotherdiseasethatcompromisestheimmunesystem.Ifproperlytreated,thesecomplicationsseldomarefatal.

Becauseinfluenzaissocommonandexhibitsstandardsymptoms,doctorsoftendiagnosetheillnessbasedontheseasonandwhetherflucaseshaverecentlybeenreportedinthearea.TOproveadiagnosisofinfluenzainapatient,thevirusmustbeisolatedfromtheperson'snasalorcoughsecretionsorbloodandidentifiedunderamicroscope.

Treatmentandprevention

Thereisnospecificcureforinfluenza.Recommendedtreatmentusuallyconsistsofbedrestandincreasedintakeoffluidsuntilfeverandothersymptomslesseninseverit

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Libraryclassificationsystempermitusersto_________________ortodiscoverwhatbooksonaparticularsubjectareheldbythelibrary.

3.

Tofindoutifyouhaveafevercausedbyillness,waituntilyou___________foranhourorsobeforeusingathermometer.

4.

Besidesthecontributionactivity,CLTaddressesanotherarea,whichconstantlychallengesteachers,______.

5.

Theauthorwasviolentlysickbecausehefelt______.

6.

Untilthemiddleof19thcentury,allinventionsbywomen______underthelaw.

7.

Insteadofshowing______,yourdressshouldconveythemesagethat

8.

Retailersandmarketingfirmshavefoundthat______withpeopleinthevirtualworld.

9.

AvarietyofgasestrappedintheEarth'satmospherecanensurelifeonEarthbecausetheyare______.

10.

Globalwarmingcancausehurricanetotakeplace.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Geneticallymodifiedcropscanhelptoimprove______.

A.nutrientcontentsandfarmingproductivity

B.beta-carotenecontentsinrice

C.vitaminAandironelementsincrop

D.attributiontoresistinsects

12.

Studentsinparticipatinginreadingorwritingcourseslearnwordsbasedontherecommendationofthecourse.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.Originalusagereferstoriversthat______.

A.aremultichanneledinflow

B.haveclearbanks

C.includebanklesschannels

D.existforonlyashorttimeinflow

14.

JohnBarrett,amagazinewriterandeditorfromNewYorkCity,visitedSavannahforaweekendandfellinlovewith______.

15.Wal-Mart

Wal-Martismorethanjusttheworld'slargestretailer.Itisaneconomicforce,aculturalphenomenonandalightningrodforcontroversy.ItallstartedwithasimplephilosophyfromfounderSamWalton:Offershopperslowerpricesthantheygetanywhereelse.ThatbasicstrategyhasshapedWal-Mart'scultureanddriventhecompany'sgrowth.

NowthatWal-Martissohuge,ithasunprecedentedpowertoshapelabormarketsgloballyandchangethewayentireindustriesoperate.

HistoryofWal-Mart

SamWaltonopenedhisfirstfive-and-dimein1950.Hisvisionwastokeeppricesaslowaspossible.Evenifhismarginsweren'tasfatascompetitors,hefiguredhecouldmakeupforthatinvolume.Hewasright.

Intheearly1960s,WaltonopenedhisfirstWal-MartinRogers,Arkansas.Thecompanycontinuedtogrow,goingpublicin1970andaddingmorestoreseveryyear.In1990,Wal-MartsurpassedkeyrivalKmartinsize.Twoyearslater,itsurpassedSears.

Waltoncontinuedtodriveanoldpickuptruckandsharebudget-hotelroomswithcolleaguesonbusinesstrips,evenafterWal-Martmadehimveryrich.Hedemandedthathisemployeesalsokeepexpensestoabareminimum—amentalitythatisstillattheheartofWal-MartculturemorethanadecadeafterWalton'sdeath.Thecompanyhascontinuedtogrowrapidlyafterhisdeathin1992andnowoperatesfourretaildivisions—Wal-MartSupercenters,Wal-Martdiscountstores,NeighborhoodMarketstoresandSam'sClubwarehouses.

Wal-MartStrategy

Let'sstartwithtechnology.Wal-Martpushedtheretailindustrytoestablishtheuniversalbarcode,whichforcedmanufacturerstoadoptcommonlabeling.Thebarallowedretailerstogenerateallkindsofinformation—creatingasubtleshiftofpowerfrommanufacturerstoretailers.Wal-Martbecameespeciallygoodatexploitingtheinformationbehindthebarcode.Andthusitisconsideredapioneerindevelopingsophisticatedtechnologytotrackitsstockandcutthefatoutofitssupplychain.

Recently,Wal-Martbecamethefirstmajorretailertodemandmanufacturersuseradiofrequencyidentificationtechnology(RFID).Thetechnologyusesradiofrequenciestotransmitdatastoredonsmalltagsattachedtopallets(货盘)orindividualproducts.RFIDtagsholdsignificantlymoredatathanbarcodes.

Thefrugalculture,establishedbyWalton,alsoplaysintoWal-Mart'ssuccess.Thecompanyhasbeencriticizedfortherelativelypoorwagesandhealthcareplansthatitofferstorank-and-fileemployees.Ithasalsobeenaccusedofdemandingthathourlyworkersputinovertimewithoutpay.Storemanagersoftenworkmorethan70hoursperweek.

Thiscultureisalsopresentatthecompany'sheadquarters.Wal-MartisheadquarteredinBentonville,Arkansas,insteadofanexpensivecitylikeNewYork.Thebuildingisunattractiveanddull.Youwon'tcatchexecutivesinqualitycarsandyouwon'tseethemdraggingintoworkat9:30a.m.Executivesflycoachandoftensharehotelroomswithcolleagues.Theyworklonghours,typicallyarrivingatworkbefore6:30a.m.andworkinghalfdaysonSaturdays.

ThecentralgoalofWal-Martistokeepretailpriceslowandthecompanyhasbeenverysuccessfulatthis.ExpertsestimatethatWal-Martsavesshoppersatleast15percentonatypicalcartofgroceries.Everything—includingthetechnologyandcorporateculture—feedsintothatultimategoalofdeliveringthelowestpricespossible.Wal-Martalsopushesitssuppliers,somesaycruelly,tocutprices.InTheWal-MartEffect,authorCharlesFishmandiscusseshowtheprice,ofafour-packofGElightbulbsdecreasedfrom$2.19to88centsduringafive-yearperiod.

ThePower

BecauseofWal-Mart'smassivesize,ithasincrediblepower.Ithasdrivensmallerretailersoutofbusiness

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Solvinglateralthinkingpuzzlesisonegoodchoiceforyoutodevelop______.

17.

Theauthor____________________that"piesarethebestcomfortfoodever".

18.

ReligiousconflictbetweensectsinIraqbecameworseduetothewar.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.ThecurrentruraldepopulationinEuropeistheresultoflong-termemigrationandindustrialization.

20.

Laughterwasdistributedasacharacteristiccommontomankindbecauseofits______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：Asisknowntoall,scientistsandphilosophershadstudiedthehumanbodyanditsfunctionsfromveryearlytimes.Unfortunately,manyoftheideasandtheories,correctandincorrect,wereacceptedwithoutquestionforagreatnumberofyears.Butbythe16thcentury,knowledgegainedthroughchemicalexperimentswasbeginningtomakesomepeoplethinkmoredeeplyabouthowthehumanbodyworks.

AmostimportantmedicaldiscoverywasmadebyWilliamHarveyin1628.Hefoundoutthatthebloodiscirculatedroundthebodyinonedirectiononlybythepumpingactionoftheheart.Ithadpreviouslybeenincorrectlythoughtthatthebloodmovedwithabackwardandforwardmotion.

Earlyinthe17thcenturyanewinstrumentcameintousethatwastoopenupawholenewareainthestudyofmedicalandscientificmatters.Thiswasthemicroscope.

Thefirstinstrumentswerenotveryefficient.Theywereabletomagnifyonlyaverysmallpartoftheobjectandthiswasalwayssurroundedbyringsofcoloredlight.Neverthelessagreatstepforwardhadbeentakenwhichwasofvitalimportanceforfutureresearchanddevelopment.

(30)

A.Scientistsandphilosophershadneverstudiedthehumanbodyanditsfunctions.

B.Manyoftheideasandtheoriesthatpeopleusedtoacceptwereallincorrect.

C.Peopleusedtoacceptideasandtheories.

D.Peopleusedtoacceptundoubtedlymanyoftheideasandtheories,correctandincorrect.

22.(39)

23.

【B4】

24.听力原文：M:Carlearnedalotofmoneyoverthesummervacationasaconsultanttothatcompany.

W:Idon'tdoubtit.Whatsurprisesmeisthathe'sstillworkingtherenowthatclassesareabouttostartagain.

Q:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutCarl?

(17)

A.Shedoubtshemakesmuchmoneynow.

B.She'ssurprisedthathehadchosenthatcompany.

C.Shedoesn'tknowwhenherclassesstarted.

D.Shewonderswhyhe'skepthisjob.

25.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Darwinwasagreatscientist.Hestudiedlivingthingsintheworld.

Hesaid,"Therearethousandsoflivingthings.Butinthepast,thenumberwassmaller.Inthefarpast,astillsmallernumber.Inthebeginning—perhapsonlyone."

Darwinwaitedalongtimebeforeheputthesethingsintoabook.Healwaystriedtoaddmoreandmorefacts:hewantedhisideasaboutevolutiontoberight.

Ittookhimmanyyearstowritethebook.Onthefirstday,peopleboughteverycopy.ThemenofthechurchesfoughtagainstDarwin'sideas.Hisstoryoftheworldwasdifferentfromtheirs.SoeitherDarwinorthemenofthechurchesmustbewrong.Butthechurchesdidnotbringanynewfacts,orbetterideas.Theyonlybroughtangrywords.

Later,Darwinwroteabookabouttheevolutionofman.Hesaidthatmanisalsoakindofanimal.Andagain,Darwindidnotjustwritedownhisownideas.Hefilledhisbookwithfacts.Weknownowthathewasright.Therehavebeenmenformorethanamillionyears.Wehavefoundsomeoftheirbones.Boneshavetoldusalotabouttheevolutionoflivingthings.

Likeanyotheranimals,manslowlychangedthroughtime.Butwecannotfindthebonesofmanfromafewmillionyearsago.Therewerenotanymenatthattime.Theworld'sanimalsweredifferentthen.

Butthebonescantakeusbackwardsthroughtimeintothepast.Andtheycanhelpuswithourstudyoftheevolutionoflife.

(27)

A.Nothingbutconjecture.B.Studyinghard.C.Facts.D.Wisdom.

26.(18)

A.Themanhatestogotoanybarbecuesindoors.

B.Theguestsshouldbecooperativeduringabarbecue.

C.Thewomanthinkstheyshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimegoingtobarbecues.

D.Theweatherspoiledthelastbarbecue.

27.

【B3】

28.听力原文：M:Ineedsomeaspirin,please,andI'dalsoliketogetthisprescriptionfined.

W:Fine.Here'syouraspirin.Icanhavetheprescriptionforyouinabouttenminutes,ifyouwanttowait.

Q:Wheredidthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

(18)

A.Atadrugstore.

B.Atahospital.

C.Atadoctor'soffice.

D.Atadentist'soffice.

29.听力原文：Toooftenyoungpeoplegetthemselvesemployedquitebyaccident,notknowingwhatliesinthewayofopportunityforpromotion,happinessandsecurity.Asaresult,theyareemployeddoingjobsthataffordthemlittleornosatisfaction.Ourschoolgraduatesfacesomuchcompetitionthattheyseldomcarewhattheydesolongastheycanearnaliving.Somestaylongatajobandlearntolikeit,othersmovefromonejobtoanotherlookingforsomethingtosuitthem.TheyounggraduateswholeavetheuniversitylookforJobsthatofferasalaryuptotheirexpectations.Veryfewgooutintotheworldknowingexactlywhattheywantandrealizingtheirownabilities.Thereasonbehindallthisconfusionisthatthereneverhasbeenapropervocationalguidanceinoureducationalinstitutions.Nearlyallgropeinthedarkandtheirchiefconcernwhentheylookforajobistoaskwhatthesalaryislike.Theyneverbothertothinkwhethertheyaresuitedforthejobor,evenmoreimportant,whetherthejobsuitsthem.Havingajobismorethanmerelyprovidingyourselfandyourdependentswithdailybreadandsomemoneyforleisureandentertainment.Itsetsapatternoflifeandinmanyways,determinessocialstatusinlife,selectionoffriends,leisureandinterests.

Inchoosingacareeryoushouldfirstconsiderthetypeofworkwhichwillsuityourinterests,Nothingismoresadthantakingonajobinwhichyouhavenointerest,foritwillnotonlydiscourageyourdesiretosucceedinlifebutalsowasteyourtalentsandultimately,makeyouanemotionalwreckandabitterperson.

(30)

A.Becausetheywanttoearnhighsalary.

B.Becauseschoolsdonotteachstudentshowtochoosejobs.

C.Becausetherehasbeenseverecompetitioninthejobmarket.

D.Becausetheyhavenoworkingexperience.

30.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：WhenJohnWilton,writerofParadiseLost,enteredCambridgeUniversityin1695,hewasalreadyskilledinLatinaftersevenyearsofstudyingitashissecondlanguageatSt.Paul'sschool,London.LikeallEnglishboyswhopreparedforcollegeingrammarschool,hehadlearnednotonlytoreadLatinbutalsotospeakandwriteitfluentlyandcorrectly.HispronunciationofLatinwasEnglish,however,andseemedtohavesoundedstrangetohisfriendswhenhelatervisitedItaly.

SchoolboysgainedtheirskillinLatinthehardway.Theymemorizedrulestomakelearningbyhearteasier,TheyfirstmadeawordforwordtranslationandthenanidiomatictranslationintoEnglish.Astheyincreasedtheirskill,theytranslatedtheirEnglishbackintoLatinwithoutreferringtothebookandtheycomparedtheirtranslationwiththeoriginal.Theschoolmasterwasalwaysathandtoencouragethem.AllschoolmastersbelievedLatinshouldbebeatenin.Afterseveralyearsofstudy,theboysbegantowritecompositionsinimitationoftheLatinwriterstheyread.AndastheybegantoreadLatinpoems,theybegantowritepoemsinLatin.

BecauseMiltonwasalreadyapoetatten,hispoemsweremuchbetterthanthosepainfullyputtogetherbyotherboysDuringthesevenyearsMiltonspentattheuniversity,hemadeconstantuseofhiscommandofLatin.HewrotesomeexcellentLatinpoemswhichhepublishedamonghisworksin1645.

(27)

A.HowJohnMiltonWroteParadiseLost.

B.HowJohnMiltonBecameaPoet.

C.HowJohnMiltonStudiedLatin.

D.HowJohnMiltonBecameFamous.

31.

【B7】

32.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Theterm"LearningDisabilities"meansadisorderinoneormoreofthebasicpsychologicalprocessesinvolvedinunderstandingorinusinglanguage,spokenorwritten.Thedisordermay【B1】______itselfinanimperfectabilitytolisten,think,speak,read,write,spell,ortodomathematical【B2】______,includingconditionssuchasperceptualdisabilities,braininjury,【B3】______braindysfunctionanddyslexia(诵读困难).Thetermdoesnotincludelearningproblemsthatareprimarilytheresultof【B4】______orhearingdisabilities,ofmentaldelay,ofemotional【B5】______,orofenvironmental,cultural,oreconomicdisadvantage.Learningdisabilitiescanbe【B6】______bythingsthathappenbeforeorduringbirth.Forexample,amothermayhavean【B7】______,suchasGermanmeasles.Orababydoesnotgetenough【B8】______whileitisbeingborn.Sometimesachildhoodillness,suchasmeningitis(脑膜炎),cancauselearningdisabilities.

Whohavelearningdisabilities?【B9】______Whatarethehealthconcernsofpeoplewithlearningdisabilities?【B10】______.Arepeoplewithlearningdisabilitiesatriskofabuse?【B11】______.

【B1】

33.听力原文：M:Hi,Susan,sinceyouwenttoProfessorFord'slecturelastweek,whatcanyousayaboutthescholar'scompetence?

W:Oh,heissolearnedanditismorethanIcansay.

Q:Whichisnottrueaccordingtothisconversation?

(13)

A.Susancanhardlysayanythingfavorabletotheprofessor.

B.Susancanhardlysayanythingbadabouttheprofessor.

C.Susanfoundthelecturewonderfulandinstructive.

D.Thescholarhasalotofability.

34.(31)

A.Itisasimportantasthatfrombooks.

B.Itislessimportantthanthatfrombooks.

C.Itismoreimportantthanthatfrombooks.

D.Itistoolimited.

35.听力原文：M:Andnow,Mrs.Smith,canyoutelluswhathappenedatyourapartmentwhentheearthquakeended?

W:Oh,itwasterrible.I'llneverforgetit.Well,JackandIalwaysgetupataboutaquartertofive.Hehastoworkearly.Yousee,whileIwasinthekitchenpreparingbreakfast,thequakecame.Therewasthishorriblesoundandthefloorwasjustbouncingandrollinglikewave,allatthesametime.

M:Thenwhatdidyoudo?

W:Well,wefigureoutitwasanearthquake.ThenIcrawledunderthetable,andIshoutedatJacktocome.Buthejuststoodthere.

M:Whoa!

W:Itlasted24seconds,andthenitstopped.AndJackandIcouldhearpeopletalkingoutside,sowetriedtogoouttothefrontdoor,butitwasjammedshut.Andthenthefirstaftershockhit.

M:That'sincredible.Thenwhatdidyouguysdo?

W:Well,Irememberthatsomeoneshouted,"Getoutofthere,quickly!"Jacksaid:"Well,gooutofthewindow."ButIcalledout:"It'stoohighup,"becausewewerelivingonthesecondfloor."Notanymore,"Jackshoutedback.So,welookedoutofthewindowand,sureenough,weweredownontheground!

M:Yoursecondfloorapartmentwasontheground?

W:Wecouldn'tbelieveit.Weopenedthewindowandcrawledout.Onceweweredownsafely,weturnedaroundandlookedbackatourapartmentbuilding.Thewholefirstwasgone--itwasjusttotallyflattened.

M:Mrs.Smith.Doyoumeanthatthewholefirstfloorwasgone?

W:Yes,thefirstfloorwasgone.

M:Andwhataboutyourapartment?

W:Theapartment--canyoubelieveit?Hadmovedandstoodthere.

M:Incredible,Mrs.Smith,absolutelyincredible.

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A.5:15.B.4:45.C.5:45.D.4:15.

36.

【B10】

37.

【B5】

38.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Kate,hurryup!Wedon'thaveplentyoftime.Theplanewilltakeoffat10:00a.m.andyouhavetocheckinat9:30.Nowit'salready9:29.

W:9:29?MyGoodness!Comealong,then,offwego!Wedon'thaveaminutetolose.

Q:Whenwillthewomancheckin?

(12)

A.9:25a.m.B.9:29a.m.C.9:30a.m.D.10:00a.m.

39.(24)

A.Sendinge-mails.

B.Learningthings.

C.Chattinginchatrooms.

D.Collectinginformation.

40.(21)

A.Enthusiastic.B.Doubtful.C.Peaceful.D.Cautious.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Fromthelastparagraphweknowthat______.

A.forgetfulnessisaresponsetolearning

B.memoryisacompensationforforgetting

C.thememorystoragesystemisanexactlybalancedinput-outputsystem

D.thecapacityofamemorystoragesystemislimitedbecauseforgettingoccurs

42.AproposedRussianbanonEuropeanUnionmeatexportscouldjeopardizeRussia'saspirationstojointheWorldTradeOrganizationnextyear,theEUtradecommissioner,PeterMandelson,warnedFriday.Hewarnedthatseveralofthe25EUmemberstatesweregrowingwearyofRussia'stradetacticsandcouldmovetoblockitsWTObid.

HeemphasizedthattheEuropeanUnionsupportedRussia'sWTOaccessioninprincipleandthathedidnotwanttolinktheRussianmeatbantoRussia'sWTOprospects,thoughEUstatescoulddoso.Inordertojointheorganization,Russiamustreachagreementwitheachofthe149WTOmembers.

"Issueslikethiswillaffecttheattitudeofmemberstatestowardsigningoffonaccession,"Mandelsonsaid."ThisisnottheonlytradeirritantbetweenusandRussia—thereareatleasthalfadozen—andthislatestbanisboundtoaffecttheattitudeofmemberstates,"towardRussia'saimofjoiningtheWTO."Wecan'thavesomanyofthesetradeirritantshangingoverus."

MandelsonsaidhewouldworktogetRussiatobackofffromitscurrentplanstobanallEUanimalproductsasofJan.1,whichwouldaffect1.7billion,or$2.2billion,inexportstoRussia.

MoscowhasjustifiedthebanonthegroundsthatBulgariaandRomania,whichwilljointheEuropeanUniononthatday,donothaveadequatefoodsafetymeasures.

ButMandelsonwarnedthatifMoscowrefusedtohackdown,itcouldsouroveralltraderelationswiththeEuropeanUnion,whichisalreadyconcernedaboutfairaccesstoMoscow'senergyresources."Russiaisactinginadisproportionateway,"hesaid.

PresidentVladimirPutinhasmadeWTOmembershiponeofhiskeyeconomicobjectives.HeiskeentoimproveaccesstoworldmarketsforRussianexportsandtoprovidealifttothecountry'sneglectedagriculturalsector.EuropeanresistancewouldaddtoreservationsbytradenegotiatorsinWashingtonwhowantRussiatomakemoreprogressonreducingtariffsonU.S.meatimportsandprotectingintellectualpropertybeforejoiningtheworldtradebody.

Tradedisputeseastashadowoverthesummitmeeting,whichwassupposedtomarkthestartoftalksonapartnershipagreementbetweentheEuropeanUnionandRussiacoveringenergy,tradeandhumanrights.ButPoland—inaseparatedisputewithMoscowoveraRussianbanonPolishfarmexports—useditsvetotostopthetalksonFriday.

PutindefendedtheRussianbanafterearliercomplainingthattheEuropeanCommissionhadfailedtoconsulthimbeforeagreeingtoadmitBulgariaandRomania,whosefoodsafetypracticeshecalledintoquestion.

EUofficialssaidprivatelythatPutin'sstancesuggestedhewassufferingfromaColdWarhangoverbecausetheformerSovietsatelliteswillsoonbecomeELImembers.

Whatisthethemeofthispassage?

A.RussiaconflictswithEUmembersinmeattrade.

B.RussiamayriskWTOentrywithEUmeatban.

C.RussiapreparestoenterWTO.

D.RussiacomplainsaboutfoodsecurityofBulgariaandRomania.

43.Totheauthor'sgranddaughtertheword"ripping"______.

A.hasaclearermeaningthanitdoesfortheauthor

B.isunacceptablebecauseitisslang

C.seemsstrangeandold-fashioned

D.meansmuchthesameassmashing

44.

Theauthorofthepassagewantstotellthat______.

A.Insoccerandbasketball,theethnictideisdifferent.

B.inWashingtonseveralgamesareplayedinoneday

C.Americanslikeallkindsofgames

D.theAmericangamesarewatchedbynative-Americansandplayedbypeoplefromdifferentcountries

45.

Howdodoctorscommentontheproposal?

A.Itmaydamagedoctor-patientrelationship.

B.Thereisnocontroversyonthisissue.

C.Itisdefectiveandsomewhatunreasonable.

D.Doctorswilltendtobeinvolvedinmoremedicaleases.

46.

Ifgivenasecondchance,thewriterwouldprobablychooseto______.

47.

TheauthormostprobablythinksthatPicasso'sartis______.

A.unprecedentedB.complicatedC.apprehensibleD.matchless

48.Nowadaysintheschools______.

A.self-esteemisemphasizedastheultimategoalofone'spursuit

B.theself-esteemmovementhaslostitsmomentum

C.theideaofself-esteemboostsrealachievement

D.emphasisinse