山东省青岛市某重点高中2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试试题（解析版）

山东省青岛市某重点高中2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhichcountryisJessieinnow?A.Australia.B.England.C.France.2.Whatdidthewomanforgettobring?A.Hertickets.B.Herhandbag.C.Hergloves.3.Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydonext?A.Haveacoffee.B.Findtheirseats.C.Buyanicecream.4.Whatdepartmentisthewomanmovingto?A.DepartmentofCulture.B.DepartmentofAgriculture.C.DepartmentofEnvironment.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afootballmatch.B.AtriptoBrazil.C.Asportsstar.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Attheman’shouse.B.Atabarbershop.C.Atanoffice.7.Whatcoloristhewoman’shairnow?A.Black.B.Blonde.C.Brown.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhatbookdidthegirldiscussinherEnglishclass?A.HarryPotter.B.TheBookThief.C.DarkMatter.9.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Writerandreader.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Toarrangeacarservice.B.Tofindoutaprice.C.Tosellacar.11.Whatwillbedifferentthismonth?A.Thecostofrepairs.B.Thetimerequiredforrepairs.C.ThepriceofaSuperTune.12.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Sendane-mail.B.Speaktoanexpert.C.Meetthewoman’shusband.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Howisthewomanfeelingaboutthegame?A.Anxious.B.Excited.C.Calm.14.Whatsportwillthewomanplaytonight?A.Basketball.B.Volleyball.C.Football.15.Howdidthewomanbecometeamleader?A.Herteacherchoseher.B.Shehadthebestscores.C.Thepreviousleadergotinjured.16.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Watchamatch.B.Studyathome.C.Playasportwithfriends.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A.Players.B.Filmstars.C.Reporters.18.Howlongwillthematchesprobablylast?A.Twodays.B.Sevendays.C.Fifteendays.19.Whatarethelistenersaskedtodo?A.Speakquietly.B.Dressnicely.C.Turnofftheirphones.20.Whatwillhappenfirst?A.Theaudiencewilltakephotos.B.Aplayerwillanswerquestions.C.Theaudiencewillleavethemeeting.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHovishasbeenmakingkrumkakesinceshelearnedasayounggirlalongsidehergrandma.EveryChristmas,Hovis’familywoulddrivefromDeKalbtoRochelle,wheresheandhermomwouldjoinhergrandmainthekitchen.Therestofthefamilywouldhangoutinthelivingroomwheretheycouldsmellthesweettreatsastheywaitedtobiteintothecrispycookies.Grandmadiedwhenshewas13,butthekrumkaketraditiondidn’tendthen.ThisChristmas,Hovisisheadedtoheraunt’shousewheresheplanstomakekrumkakewithhertwonephews(侄子).“I’llbeabletosharethatwiththemandtellthemthestoryoftheirgreat-grandmother,”Hovissaid.“Hopefullytheywillhaveaninterestincontinuingthat...sotherecipeandthetraditioncancarryon.”KrumkakeIngredients●3/4cupsugar●1cupflour●3eggs●1teaspoonvanilla●1cupheavywhippingcream●alittleofsaltInstructions●Stirsugarandeggswell.●Addhalfthecreamtothesugarandeggmixtureandmixwell.●Mixintheflourandstiruntilverysmooth,thenaddtherestoftheingredients.Keepthemixturethinenoughsothatitspreadseasilywhenpoured.●Pouronaveryhotironandpressuntilbrowned.Bakeeachsideofthecookieforabout30seconds.●Removeandimmediatelyrollontoastickuntilcool.Aknifeoraforkcomesinhandytohelpyougetthecookieofftheiron.Enjoy!1.WhatisHovis’familytraditionatChristmas?A.Diningout. B.Travellingaround.C.Hangingout. D.Enjoyingcookies.2.Whatdoweknowabouttheingredients?A.Fiveingredientsareneeded.B.Moreflourthansugarshouldbeadded.C.Vanillaandcreamareofthesameamount.D.Theyshouldbeexactlymeasured.3.Whatmayleadtoasuccessfulkrumkake?A.Addthecreambeforestirringsugarandeggs.B.Keepthemixturethinenoughtospread.C.Bakethecookieforabout30seconds.D.Useaknifetocutitintopieces.【答案】1.D2.B3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是Hovis家的传统的krumkake的食谱。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Therestofthefamilywouldhangoutinthelivingroomwheretheycouldsmellthesweettreatsastheywaitedtobiteintothecrispycookies.(家里的其他成员会待在客厅里，一边闻着糖果的香味，一边等着吃酥脆的饼干。)”可知，Hovis的圣诞节传统是享受饼干。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Ingredients部分的“3/4cupsugar●1cupflour(3/4杯糖●1杯面粉)”可知，加的面粉要比加的糖多。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Instructions部分的“Keepthemixturethinenoughsothatitspreadseasilywhenpoured.(保持混合物足够稀，这样倒的时候才容易散开。)”可知，保持混合物薄到足以散开会带来一个成功的krumkake，故选B。BFive-year-oldWillardWigancouldn’ttellthedifferencebetweenanMandaWora6anda9becauseofdyslexia,alearningdisability.Usually,hisminddrifted—toplayingoutside,tohisdog,ortotheants.Willardwasespeciallycuriousaboutthoseants.Hefeltlikethem,smallandinsignificant.Henoticedtheantswerecomingandgoingfromaholeinthedirt.Gatheringpiecesofwood,Willardconstructedalittlebuildingforants.Atschool,Willardstillhadproblems,butheknewhecoulddosomethingspecial.Willardcreatedtinyfurniturefortheanthouses.Hisartisticskillincreased,andaloveforlittlethingsbegantogrow.Atagenine,Willardbegancarving(雕刻)facesontoothpicks.Whenheshowedhismotherthecarvedfaces,shesaid,“Thisiswhatyoudowell.Youmustworkhardtobethebest.”Yearslater,Willardcarvesthetiniestartworkintheworld!Hissculpturesaresosmallthatseveralcanfitonafullstopattheendofasentence.Willardworksbestatnightwhentherearefewdisturbances.Heoftenworksformonthstocompleteasculpture.Willard’sfavoritepaintbrushisonehairfromthebackofadeadfly!Tomovehissculptures,Willardusesaneyelash.Buteventhatcanbetough.Once,whilemovingamicroscopicAliceinWonderland,hiscellphonerang.Terrified,Willardtookinaquickbreath.Whenhelookedback,Alicewasgone.Afterworkingforweekstocarveher,he’daccidentallybreathedherin!Willardsculptseverythingfromfamouspeopletofictionalcharacters.Becauseoftheirbeautyandrarity,hissculptureshavemadeWillardawealthyman.Buthesays,“Successisn’taboutmaterialthingslikeanexpensivewatchoracostlyring;it’saboutperseveringandachievingyourdreams.”WillardWiganwhofeltsmallasaboyhasshownsomethingsmallcanreallybebig.4.WhatcanweknowaboutWillardfromparagraph1?A.Hewasinterestedinmath.B.Hehadaphysicalproblem.C.Hewascrazyaboutbuilding.D.Hethoughthimselfunimportant.5.WhatisWillardespeciallygoodat?A.Playingwordpuzzles. B.Observinganimals.C.Creatingtinyartworks. D.Makingfurniture.6.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.Willardisnervouswhenworkingatnight.B.Willardusestraditionaltoolsincarving.C.AliceinWonderlandisahugesuccess.D.Carvingtakesalotoftimeandeffort.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheBigLittleArtwork. B.HouseBuildingforAnts.C.TheTrueMeaningofSuccess. D.ABoywithaDisability.【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是WillardWigan自幼患有阅读障碍症，他爱上了创造微小的事物，比如给蚂蚁建一座房子，在妈妈的鼓励下，他努力成为一名微雕艺术家。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Hefeltlikethem,smallandinsignificant.(他觉得自己和它们一样，渺小而微不足道。)”可知，Willard认为自己无足轻重。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Willardcreatedtinyfurniturefortheanthouses.Hisartisticskillincreased,andaloveforlittlethingsbegantogrow.Atagenine,Willardbegancarving(雕刻)facesontoothpicks.(Willard为蚂蚁屋制作了小家具。他的艺术技巧提高了，对小事物的喜爱也开始增长。9岁时，Willard开始在牙签上雕刻人脸。)”可知，Willard特别擅长创造微小的艺术品。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Willardworksbestatnightwhentherearefewdisturbances.Heoftenworksformonthstocompleteasculpture.Willard’sfavoritepaintbrushisonehairfromthebackofadeadfly!Tomovehissculptures,Willardusesaneyelash.Buteventhatcanbetough.(Willard在晚上工作得最好，因为那时干扰很少。他常常要花好几个月才能完成一件雕塑。Willard最喜欢的画笔是死苍蝇背上的一根毛！为了移动他的雕塑，Willard使用睫毛。但即使这样也很困难。)”可知，从第三段我们可以推断出雕刻要花很多时间和精力。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Hefeltlikethem,smallandinsignificant.(他觉得自己和它们一样，渺小而微不足道。)”，最后一段的“Willardsculptseverythingfromfamouspeopletofictionalcharacters.Becauseoftheirbeautyandrarity,hissculptureshavemadeWillardawealthyman.(Willard雕刻的东西从名人到虚构人物应有尽有。由于它们的美丽和稀有，他的雕塑使Willard成为一个富有的人。)”和“WillardWiganwhofeltsmallasaboyhasshownsomethingsmallcanreallybebig.(WillardWigan从小就觉得自己渺小，但他证明了小的东西也可以变大。)”可知，本文主要讲的是WillardWigan自幼患有阅读障碍症，他爱上了创造微小的事物，比如给蚂蚁建一座房子，在妈妈的鼓励下，他努力成为一名微雕艺术家，因此本文最好的题目是A选项“TheBigLittleArtwork(大而小的艺术品)”，故选A。CWhomshouldyoumarry?Whereshouldyoulive?Howshouldyouspendyourtime?Forcenturies,peoplehavereliedontheirsixthsensetofigureoutanswerstotheselife-changingquestions.However,nowasamountsofinformationaboutallaspectsofhumanbehaviourhavebecomemoreandmoreaccessible,wecanusethisbigdatatohelpdecideonthebestchoice.Considerthisquestion:whatmakespeoplehappy?Datahaverevealedtheactivitiesthatprovidefarmoreenjoymentthanmostofuswouldhaveguessed,suchasexercising,goingtoamuseumandgardening.Thentherearethethingsthatgiveuslesspleasurethanyoumightassume,suchasplayingvideogames,watchingTVandsurfingtheinternet.Watchingsportsgamesinvolvingyourfavouriteteamcanbereallydangeroustoyourmood,itturnsout.Anotherwaytobehappieristomarrywell.Here,too,dataisofferingusnewinsights.Onestudyby86researcherscollectedinformationonmorethan11,000romanticcouples.Theyusedmachinelearningmodelstounderstandwhatpredictsromanticsatisfaction.Theyfoundmanyhighlydesiredfeatures,suchasapartner’sattractivenessandheight,havejustaboutnorelationwithlong-termhappiness.Instead,psychological(心理上的)qualities,suchashavingaso-called“growthmindset”,werelikelytoplayabiggerpartindevelopingromanticsatisfaction.Thesearetheearlydaysofthedatarevolution(革命)inpersonaldecision-making.Iamnotclaimingthatwecancompletelyoutsourceourlifestylechoicestoalgorithms(算法),thoughwemightgettothatpointinthefuture.Iamclaiminginsteadthatwecanalldramaticallyimproveourdecision-makingbyreferringtoevidencefromthousandsormillionsofpeoplewhofaceddifficultiessimilartoours.Andwecandothatnow.8.Whydoestheauthorputforwardseveralquestionsatparagraph1?A.Tothrowdoubtonpeople’ssixthsense.B.Tointroduceanewwaytomakechoices.C.Toguidereaderstothinkovertheirpreviouslife.D.Tocomparesomeconfusionsofcommonpeople.9.Whatactivitieswillbringpeoplemorefunaccordingtothedata?A.Exercisingandwatchingsportsgames.B.Playingvideogamesandgardening.C.SurfingtheinternetandwatchingTV.D.Goingtothemuseumanddoingsports.10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheinformationon11,000romanticcouples?A.Apartner’sappearanceisthekeytoromanticsatisfaction.B.Tallermaleshavemorechancestohaveahappierlife.C.Featurestokeepromanticsatisfactionarestillunknown.D.Psychologicalqualitiesmattermoreinlong-termhappiness.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetobigdatainpersonaldecisionmaking?A.Opposed. B.Supportive. C.Unconcerned. D.Doubtful.【答案】8.B9.D10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是随着关于人类行为各个方面的大量信息变得越来越容易获取，我们可以利用这些大数据来帮助我们做出最佳选择。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Forcenturies,peoplehavereliedontheirsixthsensetofigureoutanswerstotheselife-changingquestions.However,nowasamountsofinformationaboutallaspectsofhumanbehaviourhavebecomemoreandmoreaccessible,wecanusethisbigdatatohelpdecideonthebestchoice.(几个世纪以来，人们一直依靠自己的第六感来寻找这些改变生活的问题的答案。然而，随着关于人类行为各个方面的大量信息变得越来越容易获取，我们可以利用这些大数据来帮助我们做出最佳选择。)”可知，作者在第1段提出了几个问题是为了引入一种新的选择方式。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Datahaverevealedtheactivitiesthatprovidefarmoreenjoymentthanmostofuswouldhaveguessed,suchasexercising,goingtoamuseumandgardening.(数据显示，锻炼、参观博物馆和园艺等活动带来的乐趣远比我们大多数人想象的要多。)”可知，根据数据，去博物馆和做运动会给人们带来更多的乐趣，故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Theyfoundmanyhighlydesiredfeatures,suchasapartner’sattractivenessandheight,havejustaboutnorelationwithlong-termhappiness.Instead,psychological(心理上的)qualities,suchashavingaso-called“growthmindset”,werelikelytoplayabiggerpartindevelopingromanticsatisfaction.(他们发现，伴侣的魅力和身高等许多令人非常渴望的特征与长期的幸福感几乎没有关系。相反，心理素质，比如拥有所谓的“成长型心态”，可能在培养浪漫满意度方面发挥更大的作用。)”可知，从1.1万对情侣的信息中我们能了解到心理素质在长期幸福中更重要。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Iamclaiminginsteadthatwecanalldramaticallyimproveourdecision-makingbyreferringtoevidencefromthousandsormillionsofpeoplewhofaceddifficultiessimilartoours.(相反，我想说的是，通过参考成千上万和我们面临类似困难的人的证据，我们都可以极大地改善我们的决策。)”可知，作者对个人决策中的大数据持支持态度，故选B。DWhenputtothetest,beeshaveprovedoverandoveragainthatthey’vegotalotmoretoofferthanmakinghoneyandnowsomescientistssaythere’sproofthattheyalsoliketoplay.AstudyrecentlypublishedinAnimalBehaviorsuggeststhatbumblebees,whengiventhechance,liketofoolaroundwithtoys.ResearchersfromQueenMaryUniversityofLondonconductedanexperimentinwhichtheysetupacontainerthatallowedbeestotravelfromtheirnesttoafeedingarea.Butalongtheway,thebeescouldchoosetopassthroughaseparatesectionwithseveralsmallwoodenballs.Over18days,thescientistswatchedasthebees“wentoutoftheirwaytorollwoodenballsrepeatedly,thoughthereseemstobenoapparentcausetodrivethemtodoso.”Thefindingsuggeststhatlikehumans,insectsalsointeractwithinanimate(无生命的)objectsasaformofplay.Alsosimilartopeople,youngerbeesseemedtobemoreplayfulthanadultbees.“Previousresearchhasshownthattherearelotsofanimalswhoplayjustforthepurposeofenjoyment,butmostexamplescomefromyoungmammalsandbirds.Thisstudyprovidesastrongindicationthatinsectmindsarefarmoreadvancedthanwemightimagine,”LarsChittka,wholedthestudy,said.Thestudy’sfirstauthor,SamadiGalpayage,whoisaPhDstudentatQueenMaryUniversity,addedthatitistheevidencethatinsectsmaybeabletoexperiencefeelings.“Theycanactuallyexperiencesomekindofpositiveemotionalstates,evenifbasic,likeotherlargerfluffy(覆有绒毛的)animalsdo.Thissortoffindinghasledtoourunderstandingofinsectsandwill,hopefully,encourageustorespectandprotectlifeonearthevermore,”shesaidinthestatement.12.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theconclusionoftheresearch.B.Theassumptionaboutthebees.C.Thedescriptionoftheexperiment.D.Thereasonsforconductingtheexperiment.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“apparent”inparagraph2mean?A.Clear. B.Preventable. C.Horrible. D.Different.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Birdsliketofoolaroundwithtoys.B.Toysaremoreenjoyabletoadultbees.C.Humansseldominteractwithlifelessobjectsforfun.D.Insectmindsarebetterdevelopedthanwethought.15.WhichstatementwillSamadiGalpayageagreeto?A.Insectsexperiencethesameemotionsashumansdo.B.Fluffyanimalsfailtoshowpositiveemotionalstates.C.Moreworkisneededtoprotectendangeredlifeonearth.D.Thefindingimprovesourunderstandingoflivingthings.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是有证据表明蜜蜂喜欢玩耍。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的“ResearchersfromQueenMaryUniversityofLondonconductedanexperimentinwhichtheysetupacontainerthatallowedbeestotravelfromtheirnesttoafeedingarea.Butalongtheway,thebeescouldchoosetopassthroughaseparatesectionwithseveralsmallwoodenballs.Over18days,thescientistswatchedasthebees“wentoutoftheirwaytorollwoodenballsrepeatedly,thoughthereseemstobenoapparentcausetodrivethemtodoso.”(伦敦玛丽女王大学的研究人员进行了一项实验，他们设置了一个容器，让蜜蜂从巢中移动到喂食区。但在途中，蜜蜂可以选择通过一个有几个小木球的单独区域。在18天的时间里，科学家们观察到蜜蜂“不断地滚动木球，尽管似乎没有明显的原因驱使它们这样做。”)”可知，第二段主要是对实验的描述。故选C。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Butalongtheway,thebeescouldchoosetopassthroughaseparatesectionwithseveralsmallwoodenballs.Over18days,thescientistswatchedasthebees“wentoutoftheirwaytorollwoodenballsrepeatedly,thoughthereseemstobeno(但在途中，蜜蜂可以选择通过一个有几个小木球的单独区域。在18天的时间里，科学家们观察到蜜蜂“不断地滚动木球，尽管似乎没有)”和“causetodrivethemtodoso(驱使他们这么做的原因)”可知，此处表示“尽管似乎没有明显的原因驱使它们这样做”，划线词apparent的意思是“明显的”，和意思相近，故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Thisstudyprovidesastrongindicationthatinsectmindsarefarmoreadvancedthanwemightimagine(这项研究有力地表明，昆虫的思维比我们想象的要先进得多)”可知，我们能从这项研究中了解到昆虫的大脑比我们想象的要发达。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Thissortoffindinghasledtoourunderstandingofinsectsandwill,hopefully,encourageustorespectandprotectlifeonearthevermore(这一发现使我们对昆虫有了更多的了解，并有望鼓励我们更加尊重和保护地球上的生命)”可知，SamadiGalpayage会同意的是这一发现增进了我们对生物的理解。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Festivalsandconcertsdrawhugecrowds,andarepopularwithpeople.Butonceacrowdreachessixorsevenpeoplepersquaremeter,somemaybecrushed(挤压)againsteachothersotightlythattheycannotmove.____16____Thiscangetdangerousveryquickly,sohowcanyouincreaseyourchancesofsurvivalinit?Firstofall,trynottopanicandsaveyourenergy.Panicwillnothelpyoufreeyourselffromadevelopingdisaster.____17____Ifthereisacrowdcrush,you’llneedallthephysicalenergyyoucangather.Andyellingandscreamingwilltireyouout.It’sbesttogowiththeflowwhenthecrowdismovinginonedirection.Ifyoudon’t,thecrowdbehindyoucouldcrushyou.Ifthegroupcrowdstogethertightly,youwillrunoutofairwiththeheavyweightoverchestandtheairwaytoyourlungswillbeblocked.____18____Ifyoufalldowninalargecrowd,trytogetupasquicklyaspossible.____19____Withyourbackcurved(弯曲)forwardsandyourarmsandlegsfoldedinfrontofyourbody,youcanprotectyourheadandnotbeknockedwhenlyingontheground.Crowdcrusheshappenatvarioustypesofgatheringsaroundtheworld.____20____Withsomepreparationandthesuggestionsabove,youcanavoidbeingoneofthepeoplewhodon’tmakeitout.A.Staycalmandfocused.B.Movetoasaferlocation.C.Ifyoucan’t,getintherightposition.D.Buttheyarewhollypredictableandavoidable.E.Expertsrefertosuchanaccidentasacrowdcrush.F.Placeyourhandsonyourchestandmaintainfirmfooting.G.Simplyput,yourbreathingwillbepreventedbecauseofalltheoutsidepressure.【答案】16.E17.A18.G19.C20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是在拥挤事故中如何增加生存几率。【16题详解】空前说“Butonceacrowdreachessixorsevenpeoplepersquaremeter,somemaybecrushed(挤压)againsteachothersotightlythattheycannotmove.(但一旦人群达到每平方米六到七个人，有些人可能会挤在一起，挤得动弹不得。)”，空格处应对这种情况进行更多的说明，E选项“Expertsrefertosuchanaccidentasacrowdcrush.(专家们把这种事故称为拥挤事故。)”给空前内容下了定义，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。【17题详解】空前说“Firstofall,trynottopanicandsaveyourenergy.Panicwillnothelpyoufreeyourselffromadevelopingdisaster.(首先，尽量不要惊慌，节省精力。恐慌不会帮助你从一场正在发展的灾难中解脱出来。)”，空格处应说正确的做法，肯定是和恐慌相反的，A选项“Staycalmandfocused.(保持冷静和专注。)”说明了正确的做法，是和恐慌相反的，因此A选项承接上文，符合语境，故选A。【18题详解】空前说“Ifthegroupcrowdstogethertightly,youwillrunoutofairwiththeheavyweightoverchestandtheairwaytoyourlungswillbeblocked.(如果一群人挤得很紧，你就会因为胸部的重量而耗尽空气，通往肺部的气道就会堵塞。)”，这种说法比较专业，空格处应该对这句话进行诠释，G选项“Simplyput,yourbreathingwillbepreventedbecauseofalltheoutsidepressure.(简单地说，你的呼吸会因为外界的压力而受阻。)”是对空前内容的诠释，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。【19题详解】空前说“Ifyoufalldowninalargecrowd,trytogetupasquicklyaspossible.(如果你在人群中摔倒了，试着尽快爬起来。)”，空后说“Withyourbackcurved(弯曲)forwardsandyourarmsandlegsfoldedinfrontofyourbody,youcanprotectyourheadandnotbeknockedwhenlyingontheground.(背部向前弯曲，双臂和双腿交叠在身体前面，可以保护头部，躺在地上时不会被撞到。)”，因此空格处要说如果爬不起来那就要保持正确的姿势，C选项“Ifyoucan’t,getintherightposition.(如果你做不到，那就找对姿势。)”说明要保持正确的姿势，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选C。【20题详解】空前说“Crowdcrusheshappenatvarioustypesofgatheringsaroundtheworld.(在世界各地，各种各样的聚会都会发生挤人事件。)”，空后说“Withsomepreparationandthesuggestionsabove,youcanavoidbeingoneofthepeoplewhodon’tmakeitout.(做好准备，并遵循上面的建议，你就可以避免成为没逃脱的人之一。)”，空格处应引起转折，说明虽然有很多这样的事故发生，但是这是可以避免的，D选项“Buttheyarewhollypredictableandavoidable.(但它们是完全可以预测和避免的。)”中But表转折，且说明这些是可以避免的，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选D。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Aboyaged11wholethishairgrowtoalmostafootandahalflong,finallygota____21____aftermorethanthreeyears.Thekid,Kilian,isnotsportinganewhairstyletoimprovehisappearance,buttohelpchildrenintheir____22____withcancer.“Hedidn’texpectanything____23____.Hewasabouttodosomething____24____,”hismothersaid.Despitethemisunderstandingsfromothersandthe____25____hairbraiding(编织)thatalmostmadehimgiveup,Kilianwas____26____tohelpstrangers.After____27____itcostalottomakeawig(假发),hedecidedtodomorethan____28____thehair.Hestartedtocollectmoneyandendedupraising$2,125.Beforeleavingthesalon(发廊),KilianreceivedacallfromJeffrey,thefounderofWigsforKids,whoheardabouthis____29____.“Iknowalittlegirl,who____30____toberightinourneighborhood,couldwearthathair.Kilian,you____31____haveaheartofgold!”Jeffrey____32____tosetupameetingbetweenKilianandthegirlwhowouldreceivethewigfromhis____33____hair.Andhealso____34____thetouchingstoryonFacebook,hopingKilian’s____35____inthelastthreeyearswillinspireotherstoact.21.A.chance B.surprise C.haircut D.prize22.A.encounter B.struggle C.argument D.test23.A.inreturn B.inaddition C.intime D.inturn24.A.reasonable B.fashionable C.worthwhile D.traditional25.A.impossible B.informal C.unusual D.uncomfortable26.A.careful B.ashamed C.determined D.talented27.A.exploring B.understanding C.assuming D.discovering28.A.acquire B.provide C.order D.sell29.A.generosity B.inspiration C.patience D.honesty30.A.agrees B.happens C.intends D.tends31.A.obviously B.typically C.gradually D.regularly32.A.preferred B.refused C.promised D.forgot33.A.designed B.decorated C.donated D.colored34.A.exchanged B.published C.proved D.posted35.A.habit B.journey C.creativity D.energy【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.C25.D26.C27.D28.B29.A30.B31.A32.C33.C34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是一个11岁的男孩让他的头发长到近一英尺半长，三年多后他剪了头发来提供给患了癌症的孩子作为假发的善行。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个11岁的男孩让他的头发长到近一英尺半长，三年多后终于剪了头发。A.chance机会；B.surprise惊讶；C.haircut理发；D.prize奖品。根据最后一段的“thegirlwhowouldreceivethewig”可知，一个11岁的男孩让他的头发长到近一英尺半长，三年多后剪了头发给别人当假发。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个名叫Kilian的孩子换新发型并不是为了改善自己的形象，而是为了帮助那些身患癌症的孩子们。A.encounter偶遇；B.struggle斗争；C.argument争论；D.test尝试。根据下文“withcancer”可知，此处表示和癌症作斗争的孩子们。故选B。【23题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：他不期待任何回报。A.inreturn作为回报；B.inaddition另外；C.intime及时；D.inturn轮流，依次。根据上文“expectanything”可知，此处表示“他不期待任何回报”。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他要做一件有意义的事。A.reasonable合理的；B.fashionable时髦的；C.worthwhile值得的；D.traditional传统的。根据下文“hedecidedtodomorethan________thehair.Hestartedtocollectmoneyandendedupraising$2,125”可知，句子表示“他要做一件有意义的事”。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管有来自他人的误解和不舒服的辫子差点让他放弃，Kilian还是决心帮助陌生人。A.impossible不可能的；B.informal不正式的；C.unusual不寻常的；D.uncomfortable不舒服的。根据下文“hairbraiding(编织)thatalmostmadehimgiveup”可知，男孩编个辫子会不舒服。故选D。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管有来自他人的误解和不舒服的辫子差点让他放弃，Kilian还是决心帮助陌生人。A.careful仔细的；B.ashamed惭愧的；C.determined下定决心的；D.talented有才能的。根据下文“hedecidedtodomorethan________thehair.Hestartedtocollectmoneyandendedupraising$2,125”可知，Kilian决心帮助陌生人。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在发现制作假发的成本很高之后，他决定做更多的事情，而不仅仅是提供头发。A.exploring探索；B.understanding理解；C.assuming设想；D.discovering发现。根据下文“itcostalottomakeawig”可知，制作假发的成本很高，这是他发现的客观事实。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在发现制作假发的成本很高之后，他决定做更多的事情，而不仅仅是提供头发。A.acquire获得；B.provide提供；C.order命令；D.sell卖。根据下文“Iknowalittlegirl,who________toberightinourneighborhood,couldwearthathair”可知，他为别人提供头发。故选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在离开美发沙龙之前，Kilian接到了“WigsforKids”的创始人Jeffrey的电话，他听说了他的慷慨。A.generosity慷慨；B.inspiration灵感；C.patience耐心；D.honesty诚实。根据上文“hedecidedtodomorethan_______thehair.Hestartedtocollectmoneyandendedupraising$2,125”可知，此处表示Jeffrey认为Kilian肯把自己的头发剪下来给别人当假发，这是慷慨的举动。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认识一个小女孩，她碰巧住在我们附近，她可以留着那种头发。A.agrees同意；B.happens碰巧；C.intends打算；D.tends倾向于。根据下文“toberightinourneighborhood”可知，句子表示“我认识一个小女孩，她正好住在我们附近”，happentodo意为“碰巧做某事”。故选B。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Kilian，你显然有一颗金子般的心！A.obviously显然；B.typically通常；C.gradually逐渐；D.regularly有规律地。根据下文“haveaheartofgold”和他留长头发来提供给别人做假发可知，Kilian显然有一颗金子般的心。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jeffrey答应在Kilian和女孩之间安排一次会面，女孩将从他捐赠的头发中获得假发。A.preferred偏爱；B.refused拒绝；C.promised答应；D.forgot忘记。根据下文“tosetupameetingbetweenKilianandthegirlwhowouldreceivethewig”可知，Jeffrey答应在Kilian和女孩之间安排一次会面。故选C。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Jeffrey答应在Kilian和女孩之间安排一次会面，女孩将从他捐赠的头发中获得假发。A.designed被设计的；B.decorated装饰的；C.donated被捐赠的；D.colored有颜色的。根据上文“hedecidedtodomorethan_______thehair”可知，女孩将从他捐赠的头发中获得假发。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他还在Facebook上发布了这个感人的故事，希望Kilian过去三年的经历能激励其他人采取行动。A.exchanged交换；B.published出版；C.proved证明；D.posted发帖子。根据下文“onFacebook”可知，他还在Facebook上发布了这个感人的故事。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还在Facebook上发布了这个感人的故事，希望Kilian过去三年的经历能激励其他人采取行动。A.habit习惯；B.journey历程；C.creativity创造力；D.energy能量。根据上文“Aboyaged11wholethishairgrowtoalmostafootandahalflong,finallygota_______aftermorethanthreeyears”和下文“inthelastthreeyears”可知，句子表示“希望Kilian过去三年的经历能激励其他人采取行动”。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Leonora,a51-year-oldfromthePhilippines,____36____(make)women’sdressesoutofwastematerialsinrecentyearssinceshebelieves____37____(wear)suchclothescanbecheapandlookgood.Tomakeherdresses,sheuses____38____foot-operatedsewing(缝纫)machinetojointogetherthewastematerials,includingrecyclednewspapers,plasticwrappersandricebags,____39____whichLeonoramakesherdesigns.Thebubble(泡沫)wrappersfromdeliverypackagesarenice-lookingandsuitableforagooddesign,____40____(particular)formakingweddingdresses.Theyarealsousedforeverythingfromweddingdecorationtobirthday____41____(party).InAsia,thereisplentyofwastematerialforLeonoratoapply.Mostoftheworld’soceanwaste____42____(carry)byAsianrivers.Andhercountry,thePhilippines,isresponsibleforonethird