2018年高中英语译林牛津版必修五：Unit2TheenvironmentSectionⅠ知能演练轻松闯关

课时作业A卷I阅读理解AAfewyearsago,Ireadaboutaneightyearoldgirlwhostudiedelephantpoaching（偷猎）inschoolandmadeaposterforherlocalgrocerystore.Thesloganread,“Savetheelephants.Don'tbuyIvorySoap，ortheywilldieout."Whatthegirlhaddonetaughtmealesson.Sincethen，Ihavelookedateightyearoldsinadifferentway.Asanenvironmentaleducator，Iusedtoteacheightyearoldsabouttheharmofelephantpoaching,rainforestdestruction,andglobalwarming.Ihadadegreeinnaturalscience-butnotinchilddevelopment.WhatdidIthinkIwasaccomplishingbyputtingmyenvironmentalconcernsontheshouldersofkidswhostillbelieveinfairytales（童话故事）？Kidsdevelopthefearofnaturewhentheirprimarycontactwiththenaturalworldishearingbadnewsabouttheenvironment.IfIwantedtoinspireconservationaction,Ineededtochangemyways,buthow?IcameacrosssomeresearchbypsychologistLouiseChawla.Shewantedtoknowwhathadgoneoninthechildhoodsofadultswhoaregoodenvironmentalcitizens.Shefoundtwothingsmostcommon.Theyhadfreetimetoexploretheriversorwoodsdownthestreet,andtheyhadanadultintheirliveswhowasenthusiasticaboutthenaturalworld.Iunderstandnowthatwhatturnedmeintoagoodpersontodaywasachildhoodspentplayinginthefieldandhavingadadwhoknewthatfindingalobster（龙虾）underarockwasbetterthanfindingtreasure.Sothat'swhatIwasdoingwhenIwaseightyearsold-lookingunderrocks,climbingtrees,andpickingwildflowers.Ididn,tknowathingabouttheCleanAirActthatwasbeingdebatedincongressatthattime.Ididn,thearalotofenvironmentalproblems.ButIbuiltarelationshipwithnatureandIgrewuptocare.NowItreatmyownkidslikethechildIwas.Mykidsturnoffthewaterwhentheybrushtheirteethandturnoffthelightswhentheyleavearoom.【解题导语】 人类赖以生存的大自然正在被严重破坏，保护环境应该从孩子抓起，帮助孩子从小建立与自然的关系。Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?Theauthorfeltveryproudofherself.Theauthortookactiontosavetheelephants.C．Theauthorthoughtherteachingwasafailure.D.Theauthordoubtedthenaturalscience.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的WhatdidIthink...believeinfairytales（童话故事）？以及第二段中的Ineededtochangemyways可知，作者认为自己的教育方法是不可取的。Howdochildrenreactwhenlearningaboutenvironmentalproblems?Theytendtoignoretheproblems.Theybecomescaredofnature.Theyhatetolearnnaturalscience.D．Theywanttohelpsolvetheproblems.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Kidsdevelopthefear...badnewsabouttheenvironment.可知，让孩子们了解了环境问题会导致他们对大自然产生恐惧。Theauthormentionstheresearchinordertoshow.A．howtohaveahappychildhoodB．whatthebestwaytogetclosetonatureisC.howtochangechildren'sbadbehaviorD．whatmakeschildrencareabouttheenvironmentD解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Shewantedtoknowwhat...environmentalcitizens.可知，该研究主要解释了是什么影响了孩子，让他们长大后为保护环境出一份力。Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?A．Theharmofhuntinganimals.B．Thecausesofenvironmentalproblems.C．Theimportanceofencouragingkidstoprotectnature.D.Therightmethodsofdevelopingchildren'sideaofnature.D解析：主旨大意题。本文主要阐述了教育和环境保护之间的关系，作者通过实例论述了一个道理：让孩子拥有环保思想的正确教育方式不是让他们感到害怕，而是让他们心中充满对大自然的爱。BDeathValleyisoneofthemostfamousdesertsintheUnitedStates,coveringawideareawithitsalkali（碱）sand.Almost20percentofthisareaiswellbelowsealevel,andBadwater,asaltwaterpool,isabout280feetbelowsealevelandthelowestpointintheUnitedStates.LongagothePanamintIndianscalledthisplace“Tomesha”-thelandoffire.DeathValle/spresentnamedatesbackto1849,whenagroupofminerscomingacrossfromNevadabecamelostinitsunpleasantnessandhugenessandtheiradventureturnedouttobeasadstory.TodayDeathValleyhasbeendeclaredaNationalMonument（纪念碑）andiscrossedbyseveralwell-markedroadswheregoodservicescanbefoundeasily.Luckilythechangecreatedbyhumansettlementhashardlyruinedthespecialbeautyofthisplace.Herenaturecreatedalotofsurprisingscenes,almostlikethesightsonthemoon,everchangingasthefrequentwindmovesthesandabout,showingthemostunusualcolors.OneofthemostastonishingandvariablepartsofDeathValleyistheDevil,sGolfCourse,whereitseemshardforonetotellrealityfromterribledreams.Sandsculptures（沙雕）standonafrighteningground，aseveningshadowsmoveandlengthen.isthelowestplaceinthedesert.A.Tomesha B.DeathValleyC.Nevada D.BadwaterD解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“…andBadwater,asaltwaterpool,isabout280feetbelowsealevelandthelowestpointintheUnitedStates.”可推知此题答案为D。Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat.A.noonehadeverknownthedesertbeforetheminersit'sstillnoteasytotravelacrossthedesertC.peoplecanfindgasstations,cafesandhotelsinthedesertD.peoplehavechangedthenaturalsightofthedesertC解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“…well-markedroadswheregoodservicescanbefoundeasily.”可以判断C为最佳答案。Devil'sGolfCourseisfamousfor.A.thefrequentwindB.thecolorsofthesandC.dreamlikesightsD.thesandsculpturesC解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的"...whereitseemshardforonetotellrealityfromterribledreams.”可知答案为C。FromthepassagewecanseethatthewritertheDeathValley.A．appreciates B．isfearfulofC．dislikes D．istiredofA解析:推理判断题。根据“thespecialbeautyofthisplace...likethesightsonthemoon,everchanging...showingthemostunusualcolors”等关键词语可以知道作者是带着赞赏的语气来描述“死亡谷”的。MostAmericansseemtohaveastrongdesireforvarietyintheirdiets,judgingbythepopularityofforeignrestaurants.Butthoughmanypeoplewouldbewillingtosampleacurry（咖喱）dishfromIndia,arealHungariangoulash（红烩牛肉），orevenJapanesesushi（寿司）,veryfewwouldwanttoenjoyakindoffoodthatispopularinmanycountries：insects.Eatinginsectsactuallyisobviouslyreasonable.Therearecertainlyenoughofthemaround,andthoughmostaretoosmalltobotherwith,manygrowtoarespectablesizeorindensegroupsthatcanbeeasilyharvested.Theyareverynutritious.Afterall,manybirdsandmammalstakeindietsconsistingofnothingbutinsects.Andsinceinsectscontainafairamountofsalt,theyarealreadywellseasoned.Indeed,inthosecountrieswhereinsectsareeaten,theyareusuallyconsideredverydeliciousfood.Caterpillars（毛毛虫）areapopulardishinMexico,wheretheyarefriedandservedunderthenameof“agaveworms”；andchocolate-coveredbeesandantsarefavoritecandiesinSwitzerland.Itisunlikelythatcannedgrasshoppers（蚱蠕）willbecomepopularinAmericainthenearfuture,butwhoknows?Perhapsinyearstocomepeoplewillridthemselvesoftheirprejudice偏见）againstinsectsandwillfindthemselvesgoingouttodigforgrubsaseagerlyasothersnowgoouttogathermushrooms.ThewriterbaseshisopinionthatmostAmericanslongfordifferentkindsoffoodonthefactthat.fewAmericanslovetoeatinsectstheycansampledifferentkindsofforeigndishesforeignrestaurantsarepopularintheU.S.theywillcometolikeeatinginsectsC解析：细节理解题。从文章首句"MostAmericansseemtohaveastrongdesireforvarietyintheirdiets,judgingbythepopularityofforeignrestaurants.“可知。Manypeopleloveeatinginsectsbecause.A．theydonotcontainpoisonB．theyareverysmallC．theyliveingroupsD.theycontainnutritionD解析：细节理解题。第二段中提到了吃昆虫的各种理由。其中一条就是“Theyareverynutritious."，据此可知本题答案为D。Theunderlinedword“grubs”inthelastparagraphrefersto.akindofinsectsausefultoolforcatchinginsectsanexpertincatchinginsectsakindofplantsthatcanbeeatenA解析：词义猜测题。根据前文，我们可以知道，随着人们对昆虫的种种偏见的消除，人们会喜欢上吃昆虫，因而会像外出采蘑菇一样去寻找“昆虫”。12.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.AmericanRestaurants B.InsectsforFoodC.ReturntoNature D.ChangeonFoodB解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，我们可以看出，本文主要讲述的是世界上不少地方将昆虫作为食物。第二段的第一句话就是本文的主题句。II七选五Howmanytimeshaslifeoverwhelmed（压垮）you?It,sokay.1.Theworldmovesatabreathtakingspeedandmanypeoplehavesimilarfeelings.Wheredoyoustart,andwhenwillitend?Relax.Herearesomemagictrickstosimplifyyourlife.Choosetobehappy.Atayoungage,we'retaughtthattherearewinnersandlosers.Lifebecomesagametoearnthemostpoints,oftenmeasuredindollars.2.I'mnotsayingthatweshouldn'tsetgoals,justtheopposite.Thisrequiresadecisiontobehappy,toliveinthepresent.Inotherwords,begratefulforwhatyouhave.Appreciatewhatisinfrontofyou.Whenyoucandothat,itwillbeeasiertoachievetheimpossible.Imagineit'sthelastdayonEarth.3.Whatwouldyoudo,andwhowouldyoudoitwith?Wouldyouquityourjob,orspendtherestofthedaywithyourfamily?Lifeistooshortandyoushouldn,twasteitinbeingmiserable.Sodecidewhatisimportant,andletgooftherest.4.Imagineyouareinabuilding,andthereisatowernextdoorrightafteraplanehitsit.Thelightsgoout.Theroomturnsblack.You'rehalfwaydownthestairswhenthestairwell（楼梯井）isdamagedbecauseofthecollapseofthetowernextdoor.Yousurvive,butjustnarrowly.Youescapewithyourlifeandnothingelse.Yourjobisgoneandsoareyourfriendsandcoworkers.That'sthestoryofwhathappenedtothousandsofpeopleafter911,andthelessonsyoucanlearnfromthemaremany.5.Noonecantakeawaywhatisinyourmind,theexperiencesyou’vehad,orthewisdomyou’vegained.Everythingelseisjustwindowdressing.Ithappenstoeveryone.Hangaroundwithgoodpeople.Alongtheway,weloseoursoul.Whatiftheworldisabouttoend?Don,tlistentothosewhohavegivenup.Thesimpletruthisthatlifeiswhatmatters.Thinkaboutwhatyouwoulddoifyoulosteverything.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了几种让生活简单化的方法。A解析：本句对上一句的观点作进一步解释，说明不必担心的理由，后文的manypeoplehavesimilarfeelings也可作为提示。C解析：根据本段主题句Choosetobehappy和后文的Thisrequiresadecisiontobehappy等信息可知，本句强调精神方面，说明了在人生游戏中人们的一个结果：我们逐渐失去了自己的灵魂。D解析：本句进一步解释了本段的主题句。G解析：本句为本段的主题句，综述了本段的主要内容。F解析：通过前面911事件的例子，这里总结了一个简单的人生道理，且根据后文的Noonecantakeaway...you,vegained.可知，生命很重要。B卷I阅读理解AnimalConservationManyanimalandplantspecieshavebecomeextinctandmanymoreareincriticaldanger.Findingwaystoprotecttheearth,swildlifeandconservethenaturalworldtheyinhabit（居住）isnowmoreimportantthanever.TheDodoTheDodoisaclassicexampleofhowhumancauseddamagetotheearth,sbiology.TheflightlessDodowasnativetotheIslandofMauritiusintheIndianOcean.Theeasilycontrolledbirdbecameasourceoffoodforsailorsandwasattackedbyanimalsintroducedtotheislandbyhumanssuchaspigs,monkeysandrats.ThepopulationofDodosrapidlydecreasedandthelastonewaskilledin1681.Rhinos（犀牛）TheRhinohornisahighlyprizeditemforAsianmedicine.Thishasledtotheanimalbeinghuntedinitsnaturalhabitat.OncewidespreadinAfricaandEurasia,mostrhinosnowliveinprotectednaturalparksandreserves.Theirnumbershaverapidlydecreasedinthelast50years,andtheanimalsremainunderconstantthreatfrompoachers.TheGiantPandaThefutureoftheWWF,ssymbolisfarfromcertain.Asfewas1,000remaininthewild.TheChinesegovernmenthassetup33pandareservestoprotectthesebeautifulanimals.However,thepanda'sdistinctblackandwhitepatchedcoatfetchesahighpriceontheblackmarketanddeterminedpoachersstillpose（造成）oneofthemostseriousthreatstotheanimals.WhalesDespitethefactthatonethirdoftheworld'soceanshavebeendeclaredwhalesanctuaries集护区），7outof13whalespeciesremainendangered.Huntedfortheirrichsupplyofoil,theirnumbershavedecreasedtojust300.Collisions（碰撞）withships，poisonouspollutionandbeingcaughtinfishingnetsareothermajorcausesofwhaledeaths.TigersThelast100yearshasseena95%reductioninthenumbersofremainingtigerstobetween5，000and7，000andtheBali,Javan,andCaspiantigersarealreadyextinct.TheSouthChinatigerisprecariouslyclosetodisappearing,withonly20to30stillalive.LiketheRhinohorn,tigers,bonesandorgansaresoughtafterfortraditionalChinesemedicines.Theseitemsaretradedillegallyalongwithtigerskins.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了五种野生动物及其（濒临）灭绝的原因。.Whichgroupofthefollowinganimalshasalreadyceasedtoexistaccordingtothetext?A.TheDodo,RhinoandGiantPanda.B.TheRhino,WhaleandSouthChinaTiger.C.TheRhino，Panda，WhaleandTiger.D.TheDodoandtheBali，Javan，andCaspiantigers.D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的'ThepopulationofDodosrapidlydecreasedandthelastonewaskilledin1681.”一句可判断Dodo是灭绝的动物之一，再根据最后一段中的“theBali,Javan,andCaspiantigersarealreadyextinct”一句可得出其他几种。.canserveasacureforcertaindiseases.Thewhale'srichoilThepanda'sblackandwhitepatchedcoatTheRhinohornandtigers'bonesandorgansD.TheDodo'sdeliciousmeatC解析：细节理解题。文章的第三段和最后一段提到“犀牛角和虎骨及器官”有很高的药用价值。.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?ThenumberofSouthChinatigershasreachedcrisispoint.Manyanimalsarethreatenedwithextinctionasaresultofhumanactivity.Peoplehuntfortheendangeredanimalsforhighprofit.ThewhaleistherepresentingmarkfortheWWF.D解析：推理判断题。从第四段中的“ThefutureoftheWWF,ssymbolisfarfromcertain.”一句可得出“世界自然保护基金组织”的图案标志是“大熊猫”，而不是“鲸”。.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinallthedescriptionsofthosewildanimals?A．Thewayoftheirlife.B．Thereasonfortheirextinctionorbeingindanger.C．Whytheyarehunted.D．Punishmentforhuntingwildanimals.B解析：文章结构题。针对五种野生动物的介绍，内容不尽相同，有的介绍了人们为什么猎取它们;有的介绍了这些野生动物剩余的数量;有的介绍了对于猎取野生动物的惩罚手段，但有一点是相同的，即：动物灭绝或濒临灭绝的原因。II完形填空（2018-合肥高二期中）Aftersteppingoutoftheinternationalplane,Irealisedmy10hoursleepyvoyagefinallycametoanend.Sittingonthebus,Iwaswaitinganxiouslyforittostart.Awoman,sittingnexttome,andherdaughterbothseemed_1.Shetoldmethatherdaughterhadanupsetstomachandwouldthrowupcontinuously； 2,themotherhadlosther3.Apartfromasignificantamountofmoney,thepursealsohadherphoneandaphonenumberofanimportant4,apersonshewastravelling90kilometerstomeetfordiscussinga5matterwhichhadtobe6bytomorrowmorning.Ihandedhermycellphonewithout_7__andtoldherthatshecouldmakeanycallshewanted.Ialso8abottleofwaterIhadinmybagtorelieveherdaughterofher_9__.Aftermakingseveralcalls,theyfinally_10totheofficial!Theyturnedtolookatme_11__andthankedmemanytimes.Thewomantriedtopayformy12,butIjumpedtodoitbeforeher13Iknewshehadlosthermoney.Nextmorning,Ireceivedacallfromthemother,sayingthattheycouldn'ttellhowmuchmy14acttouchedthem.Theywereso15—thattheyhadtakendownmynumbertothankme.Iwas16tobethankedinthisway.Ineverthoughtmysimpleoffer17somuchinherheart.AndIthoughtofhowmanyopportunitiesfor18wehadlostbypluggingintocellphonesandbeingdisconnected19therealityaroundus—somethingwitheasyaccessmaymakeabig20—toothers.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述作者在公交车上帮助一对母女渡过难关的故事告诉我们：小小的关怀和帮助有时会对别人产生很大的影响。A.excited B.relaxedC.unconscious D.uncomfortableD解析：根据下文的“Shetoldmethatherdaughterhadanupsetstomachandwouldthrowupcontinuously”和“themotherhadlosther”可知，这对母女都看起来很不安(uncomfortable),故选D。A.besides B. howeverC.therefore D.otherwiseA解析：根据上下文语境可知，此处表示除此之外，这位母亲还丢了钱包，故选A。A.phone B. addressC. purse D. luggageC解析：参见上题解析。下文的“thepursealsohadherphone”是提示。A.accountant B. doctorC. lawyer D. officialD解析：根据下文的“theofficial”可知，此处指钱包里有一位重要的官员的电话，故选D。A.simple B. pressingC.political D.financialB解析：根据空后的“whichhadtobebytomorrowmorning”可知，这件事必须在明天上午之前解决，由此可知，这是一件紧急的事情。pressing”紧迫的，迫切的”，故选B。A.settled B.ignoredC.raised D.droppedA解析：参见上题解析。A.doubt B. permissionC. question D. hesitationD解析：此处表示作者毫不犹豫地把手机递给那位女士，故选D。A.produced B. orderedC.bought D.soldA解析：根据语境可知，作者从包里拿出一瓶水。produce“拿出”，故选A。A.fever B. stressC. sickness D. appetiteC解析：根据上文内容可知，作者拿出水是为了缓解那个女孩儿的胃痛，故选C。A.cameover B.gotthroughC.lookedup D.turnedaroundB解析：根据语境可知，打了几个电话后，她们终于打通了那位官员的电话。getthrough表示“（用电话）联系上”，故选B。A.doubtfully B.closelyC.anxiously D. gratefullyD解析：作者帮助了她们，她们充满感激地看着作者并且感谢作者很多次，故选D。A.water B. offerC.ticket D. assistanceC解析：根据语境可知，为了感谢作者，那位女士想要为作者付车票钱，故选C。A.since B. ifC.while D.althoughA解析：根据空格前后的内容，此处表示原因，故选A。A.temporary B. generousC.cautious D.honestB解析：作者慷慨的行为让她们非常感动，故选B。A.reasonable B. flexibleC.considerate D.desperateC解析：那对母女考虑得很周到，记下了作者的电话号码来感谢作者，故选C。A.ashamed B. astonishedC.disappointed D.amusedB解析：受到感谢后作者很吃惊，因为作者认为那只是一种简单的帮助，故选B。A.weighed B. balancedC.increased D.ran