2018届上海各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编-阅读理解A篇-带答案精准校对加强版

2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A篇One【2018届上海市上海实验学校高三英语10月考试题】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionB(22%)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)ZeldaFitzgerald,asisrevealedbynumerouspersonalbooksandletters,woremanylabelsinherlife.Shewas“theoriginalflapper”girland“thespiritoftheJazzAge.”MarriedtothecelebratedwriterF.ScottFitzgerald(authorofTheGreatGatsby),shewasbyturnshismuseandthewomanwhoruinedhislife.Inherlateryearsshewas“CrazyZelda.”Accurateasallthesedescriptionsmaybe,theydonottellthewholestory.BorninMontgomery,Alabama,shewasnotedforherbeautyandhighspiritsindancing.InJuly1918,atacountryclubdance,Fitzgeraldwashookedimmediatelybythebeautifulandcharming18-year-oldZeldawhooutshinedotherbeautieswithherdistinguishedballet.Alightaffectionevolvedintoalengthylong-distancepursuitofweeklyletters,withFitzgeraldawareofheruncommitteddatingofothermen.Hecourtedherfeverishly,readingherhisstoriesandpartsofhisunfinishednovel.HeproposedafterhisdischargefromtheArmyinFebruary1919,butZeldahaddoubts.Herfiancewasn,trichandtherewasnoguaranteehe,deverbefamous.Hisshortstoriesdidn,tsell.Hisattemptwasadump.Zeldagavebackthering.Hopingtofixthe“nomoney”partofhisproblem,Fitzgeraldquitthejobandstartedtorewritenovelsforsuccessandmoneysothathecouldwinbackhisgirl.Finally,hemadeit！OnMarch20,1920,hisnovelThisSideofParadisegotpublishedandZeldaagreedtomarryhim.However,theirmarriagewastroubledbywilddrinking,fighting,infidelity(不忠)andbitterrecriminations(互相指责).EarnestHemingway,whomZeldadisliked,blamedherforScott'sdecliningliteraryoutput,thoughshehasalsobeenportrayedasthevictimofanoverbearinghusband.Actually,Zeldawasalsocreative,pursuingbothdancingandwriting.SomescholarshaveportrayedZeldaasacreativetalentignoredbythepatriarchal(男权的)societyoftheday.Herinspirationwasevendrawnbyherhusbandinliterarycreation.Scottusedtheirrelationshipasmaterialinhisnovels,evenborrowingepisodesfromZelda,sdiaryandapplyingthemintohisfictionalwritings.Shedetestedherhusband,spractice:“Mr.Fitzgerald—Ibelievethatishowhe2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A篇spellshisname—seemstobelievethatplagiarismbeginsathome.”Toseekanartisticidentityofherown,Zeldawroteindependentlytodeclareherownvalue,assheputit“IwishIcouldwriteabeautifulbooktobreakthoseheartsthataresoontoceasetoexist.”Neverthelessheruniquepersonalitywasstartingtoseemmoreunbalancedthancharming.Thecouple—liketherestofthenation—waslivingonborrowedtime.InOctober1929thestockmarketcrashed,triggeringtheGreatDepression.Sixmonthslater,Zeldasufferedherfirstnervousbreakdown.Afterbeingdiagnosedwithschizophrenia(精神分裂)，shewasincreasinglyconfinedtospecialistclinics,andsincethenhasdepartedwithherhusband.ZeldadiedlaterinafireatherhospitalinAsheville,NorthCarolina,puttinganendtoherflamboyantlife.Wherewillyoumostprobablyfindthisarticle?A.Inanewspaper. B.Inaliterarymagazine.C.Inapreparedspeech. D.Inaresearchreport.WhichphrasecanbestsummarizetherelationshipbetweenF.ScottFitzgeraldandZelda?A.Idealpartnership. B.Unbalancedloverelationship.C.Love-haterelationship. D.Mutually-jealousrelationship.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothearticle?FitzgeraldsuccessfullywonZelda,sheartbyreadingherhisnovelsandwritingherweeklyletters.HemingwaydislikedZeldabecauseofherfemaleidentityandtalentthatoutshinedherhusband.Zeldawasgladtobeherhusband,smuseandprovidedhimwithliterarymaterials.The“CrazyZelda”diedwithoutFitzgerald,scompanionaftersevereschizophrenia.Keys:56-58 BCDTwo【2018届上海市上海实验中学高三英语下学期4月考试题】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionB(22%)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A篇（A）Iwasasecond-yearmedicalstudentattheuniversity,andwasonmyseconddayofroundsatanearbyhospital.Myuniversity'sphilosophywastogetstudentsseeingpatientsearlyintheireducation.Niceidea,butitoverlookedonedetail:second-yearstudentsknownexttonothingaboutmedicine.Assignedtomyteamthatdaywasanattending—aseniorfacultymemberwhowastheremostlytomakepatientsfeeltheyweren'tinthehandsofamateurs.Manyattendingswereresearcherswhodidn'thavemuchrecenthospitalexperience.Minewasactuallyanarthritis（关节炎）specialist.Alsoalongwasaresident（therealboss,withastaggeringmasteryofmedicine,atleasttoarookielikemyself）.Inadditionthereweretwointerns（住院实习医生）.TheseguyswerejustasgreenasIwas,butinascarierway:theyhadrecentlygraduatedfromthemedicalschool,sotheyweretechnicallyMDs.Ibeganthedayat6:30am.AninternandIdidaquickcheckofoureightpatients;later,weweretopresentourfindingstotheresidentandthentotheattending.Ihadthreepatientsandtheinternhadtheotherfive-pieceofcake.ButwhenIarrivedintheroomof71-year-oldMr.Adams,hewassittingupinbed,sweatingheavilyandpanting（喘粗气）.He'djusthadahipoperationandlookedterrible.Ilistenedtohislungswithmystethoscope,buttheysoundedclear.NextIcheckedthelogofhisvitalsignsandsawthathisrespirationandheartratehadbeenclimbing,buthistemperaturewassteady.Itdidn'tseemlikeheartfailure,nordiditappeartobepneumonia（肺炎）.SoIaskedMr.Adamswhathethoughtwasgoingon."It'sreallyhotinhere,Doc,"hereplied.SoIattributedhisconditiontothestuffyroomandtoldhimtherestoftheteamwouldreturninafewhours.Hesmiledandfeeblywavedgoodbye.At8:40a.m.,duringourteammeeting,"CodeBlueRoom307!"blaredfromtheloudspeaker.Ifroze.ThatwasMr.Adams'sroom.Whenwearrived,hewasmotionless.Theautopsy（尸体解剖）laterfoundMr.Adamshadsufferedamassivepulmonaryembolism（肺部栓塞）.Abloodclothadformedinhisleg,workeditswaytohislungs,andcuthisbreathingcapacityinhalf.Hissymptomshadbeentextbook:heavyperspirationandshortnessofbreath2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A篇despiteclearlungs.Theonlythingwas:Ihadn'treadthatchapterinthetextbookyet.AndIwastooscared,insecure,andproudtoaskarealdoctorforhelp.Thismistakehashauntedmefornearly30years,butwhat'sparticularlyfrustratingisthatthesamemedicaleducationsystempersists.WhoknowshowmanypeoplehavediedorsufferedharmatthehandsofstudentsasnaiveasI,andhowmanymorewill?Whywastheauthordoingroundsinahospital?A.Hehimselfwantedtohavepractice. B.Studentsofallmajorshadtodoso.C.Itwaspartofhismedicaltraining. D.Hewasonaresearchteam.WhiletheauthorwasexaminingMr.Adams,allthefollowingsymptomscaughthisattentionEXCEPT.A.movingdifficultyB.steadytemperatureC.fasterheartrateD.breathingproblem58.“Hissymptomshadbeentextbookmeansthathissymptomswere.A.partofthetextbook B.nolongerinthetextbookC.recentlyincludedinthetextbook D.explainedinthetextbook59.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorexpressesaboutthemedicaleducationsystem.A.optimism B.hesitationC.concern D.supportKeys: 56-59CADCThree【2018届上海市华东师大二附中高三英语下学期3月考试题】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionB(22%)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Mrs.Bridgesaidthatshejudgedpeoplebytheirshoesandbytheirmannersatthetable.Ifsomeoneworeshoeswithrun-overheels,orshoesthathadnotbeenshinedforalongtime,or2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A篇shoeswithbrokenlaces,youcouldbeprettysurethispersonwouldbecarelessinotherthingsaswell.Andtherewasnobetterwaytojudgeapersonsbackgroundthanbywatchinghimorheratthetable.Thechildrenlearneditwasimpolitetotalkwhileeating,ortochewwiththemouthopen,andastheygrewoldertheylearnedthemoresubtlemannersnottobutteranentiresliceofbread,nottotakemorethanonebiscuitatatime,unless,ofcourse,thehostessshouldinsist.Theyweretaughttokeeptheirelbowsclosetotheirsideswhilecuttingmeat,andtoholdtheutensilsinthetipsoftheirfingers.Theyresistedthetemptationtosupupthegravywithapieceofbread,andtheymadesuretoleavealittleofeverything-notenoughtobecalledwasteful,butjustalittletoindicatethemealhadbeensuitAndally,theylearnedthataladyoragentlemandoesnotfoldupanapkinaftereatinginapublicplace.ThegirlsabsorbedthesematterswithgreaterfacilitythanDouglas,whotendedtoaskthesonforeverything,sometimesobservingthathethoughtitwasallprettysilly.Heseemedparticularlyunabletoeatwithhislefthandlyinginhislap;hewantedtoleaveitonthetable,toprophimselfup,usitwere,andclaimedbegotabackachewithonearminhislap.Mrs,Bridgetoldhimthiswasabsurd,andwhenhewantedtoknowwhyhecouldnotputhiselbowonthetableshereplied,"Doyouwanttobedifferentfromeveryoneelse?”Douglaswasdoubtful,butafteralongsilence,andundertheweightofhismother,stranquilgaze,heatlastconcludedhedidn,t.TheAmericanhabitofswitchingimplement,however,continuedtogivehimtroubleandmakehimrebellious.Withelaboratecarehewouldputdowntheknife,reachhighacrosshisplateanddescendontheleftsidetopickupthefork,raisingithighovertheplateagainashereturnedtothestartingposition."Nowsopactingridiculous,"shetoldhimonedayatlunch.Well,IsurebettheEgyptiansdon’thavetoeatthisway,“hemuttered,giving“Egyptians”avengefulemphasis.“Idoubtiftheydo,sherepliedcalmly,expertlycuttingatriangleofpineapplefromhersalad,"butyou'renotanEgyptinn,SoyoueatthewayAmericanseat,andthat,sfinal.”WhichofthefollowingwasconsideredacceptabletablemannersbyMrs.BridgeFoldupanapkinafterhavingamealinapublicplace2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A篇TakemorethanonebiscuitsifthehostessinsistsPuttheelbowonthetablewhileeatingButteranentiresliceofbreadDouglasclaimedthathegotabackachewithonearminhislap,because.A.hedidn,twanttobedifferentfromothershewasworriedthathisbackmightachesoonnooneansweredhisquestionaboutthetablemannershehadtofindanexcusefornotobeyingtherulesWhatdidDouglasmeanbysaying5surebettheEgyptiansdon’thavetoeatthisway"?HethoughtitridiculoustohavethestrangeoldtablemannersHedidn,tthinkAmericansshouldlearnfromtheEgyptians.HethoughtEgyptiansusedtohavestrictrulesabouteatingHehopedthathismotherscouldgiveintohimifheinsisted.what'stheprobablereasonwhyMrsBridgeputmuchemphasisontablemanners?Shebelievedthatgoodtablemannersisareflectionofherfamily'ssocialpositionShedidn'twantherfamilytobeconsideredwastefulShethoughtitnecessarytocultivateherchildren,sgoodeatinghabitsShefounditembarrassingtoobeyhersonswishesKeys: 56-59: BDAAFour【2018届上海市华东师大二附中高三英语11月考试题】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionB(22%)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)ShoppersintheUKarespendinglessmoneyontoiletpapertosavemoney,researchhasshown.2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A篇PennypinchingUKconsumerschoosecheaperproductsfromdiscounterssuchasAldiandLidiratherthanluxuryalternatives.Thishaswiped6%offthevalueofthesofttissuepapermarketintheUK.Ithasshrunkfrom£1.19billionin2011to£1.12billionin2015,accordingtoanewreportfrommarketresearchcompanyMintel.Furthermore,thefutureofthemarketlooksfarfromrosy,withsalesexpectedtofallfutureofthemarketlooksfarfromrosy,withsalesexpectedtofallfurtherto£1.11billionin2016.Inthelastyearalone,despiteanincreaseintheUKpopulationandasubsequentriseinthenumberofhouseholds,salesoftoiletpaperfellby2%,withtheaveragehouseholdreducingtheirtoiletrollspendingfrom£43in2014to£41in2015.Overall,almostthreeinfivepeoplesaytheytrytolimittheirusageofpaper-includingfacialtissueandkitchenroll—tosavemoney."Strength,softnessandthicknessremaintheleadingindicatorsODMtoiletpaperquality,withjustasmallproportionofconsumerspreferringmoreluxuriousalternatives,suchasthosewithflowerpatternsorperfume,"saidMintelanalystJackDuckett."Theseextrafeaturesaredeemedunnecessarybythemajorityofshoppers,whichprobablyreflectshowthesetypesofproductsaretypicallymoreexpensivethanregulartoiletpaper,evenwhenonspecialoffer."Whileconsumersarespendinglessontoiletpaper,theyremainfussy-intheoryatleast-whenitcomestopaperquality.TopofBritons'toiletpaperwishlistissoftness(57%)followedbystrength(45%)andthickness(36%).Onein10buyersranktoiletrollsmadefromrecycledpaperamongtheirtopconsiderations,highlightinghowoveralltheenvironmentismuchlessofaconsiderationforshoppersthanproductquality.Inachallengeformanufactures,81%ofpaperproductuserssaidtheywouldconsiderbuyingrecycledtoilettissueifitwerecomparableinqualitytostandardpaper.56.Themarketsalesoftoiletpaperhavedecreasedbecause .ABritonshavecuttheirspendingonitB.itspriceshavegoneupovertheyearC.itsqualityhasseenmarkedimprovementD.Britonshavedevelopedthehabitofsaving57.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofthetissuepapermarketintheUK?A.Itwillexpandintime. B.Itwillremaingloomy.2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A篇C.Itwillexperienceupsanddowns. D.Itwillrecoveraspopulationgrows.WhatdowelearnaboutBritonsconcerningtoiletpaper?Theyareparticularaboutthequalityoftoiletpaper.Theyemphasizethestrengthoftoiletpaperthemost.Theyprefercheaptoiletpapertorecycledtoiletpaper.Theyrejectusingtoiletpaperwithunnecessaryfeatures.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?MoreandmoreBritonsbuyrecycledtoiletpapertoprotecttheenvironment.Toiletpapermanufacturersarefacingagreatchallengeinpromotingitssales.Toiletpapermanufacturerscompetewithoneanothertoimprove.EnvironmentalprotectionisnotmuchofaconcernwhenBritonsbuytoiletpaper.Keys: 56-59 ABADFive【2018届上海市上海中学高三英语模拟考试题】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionB(22%)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Theteacherwhodidthemosttoencouragemewas,asithappens,myaunt.ShewasMyrtleC.Manigault,thewifeofmymother'sbrotherBill.Shetaughtmeinsecondgradeatall-blackSummerSchoolinCamden,NewJersey.Duringmychildhoodandyouth,AuntMyrtleencouragedmetodevelopeveryaspectofmypotential,withoutregardforwhatwasconsideredpracticalorpossibleforblackfemales.Ilikedtosing;shelistenedtomyvoiceandpronounceditgood.Icouldn'tdance;shetaughtmethebasicdancingsteps.Shetookmetothetheatre-notjustchildren'stheatrebutadultcomediesanddramas-andherfaiththatIcouldappreciateadultplayswasnotdisappointed.2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A篇Myauntalsotookdownbooksfromherextensivelibraryandsharedthemwithme.Ihadbooksathome,buttheywereallseriousclassics.EvenasachildIhadastronglikingforhumour,andI'llneverforgetthejoyofdiscoveringDonMarquis'sArchy&Mehitabelthroughher.Mostimportant,perhaps,AuntMyrtleprovidedmyfirstopportunitytowriteforpublication.Awriterherselfforoneoftheblacknewspapers,shesuggestedmynametotheeditorasa"youthcolumnist".Mycolumn,begunwhenIwasfourteen,wassupposedtocoverteenagesocialactivities-anditdid-butitalsogavemethefreedomtowriteonmanyothersubjectsaswellasthehabitofgatheringmaterial,thedisciplineofmeetingdeadlines,and,aftergraduationfromcollegesixyearslater,asolidcollectionofpublishedmaterialthatcarriedmynameandwasmypassporttoaseriesofwritingjobs.TodayAuntMyrtleisstillanenthusiasticsupporterofher"favouriteniece".Likeadiamond,shehasreflectedabright,multifaceted（多面的）imageofpossibilitiestoeverypupilwhohascrossedherpath.WhichofthefollowingdidAuntMyrtledototheauthorduringherchildhoodandyouth?A.Shelenthersomeseriousclassics. B.Shecultivatedhertasteformusic.C.Shediscoveredhertalentfordancing. D.Sheintroducedhertoadultplays.WhatdoesArchy&MehitabelinParagraph3probablyreferto?A.Abookofgreatfun. B.Awriterofhighfame.C.Aseriousmasterpiece. D.Aheartbreakingplay.AuntMyrtlerecommendedtheauthortoanewspapereditormainlyto.A.develophercapabilities forwriting B.giveherachancetocollect materialC.involveherinteenagesocialactivities D.offerheraseriesofwritingjobsWecanconcludefromthepassagethatAuntMyrtlewasateacherwho.trainedpupilstobediligentandwell-disciplinedgavepupilsconfidenceinexploitingtheirpotentialemphasizedwhatwaspracticalorpossibleforpupilshelpedpupilsovercomedifficultiesinlearningKeys:56-59DAAB2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A篇Six【2018届上海市建平中学高三英语11月考试题】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionB(22%)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed“obvious”bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeople,snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestorelativesandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacelooserelationshipswithpassingacquaintances(相识之人).However,inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofresearchhasrevealedthatthe“obvious”isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,youtypicallyknowasmallerproportionofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouarearesidentofasmallercommunity.But,forthemostpart,thisfacthasfewsignificantconsequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyourneighborsyouwillknownooneelse.Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithinsmall,privatesocialworlds.Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.Small-townresidentsaremoreinvolvedwithrelativesthanarebig-cityresidentsare.Yetcityresidentsmakeupforitbydevelopingfriendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.Urbanismmayproduceadifferentstyleoflife,butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentownandcity.Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesmorelikelytodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanareresidentsofsmallercommunitiesare.However,cityresidentsdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsthemtoadistrustofstrangers.Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.Ifneighborsarestrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.Moreover,asWirthsuggested,theremaybealinkbetweenacommunity,spopulationsizeanditssocialheterogeneity(多样性).Forinstance,sociologistshavefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofacommunityisassociatedwithbadbehaviorincludinggambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityresidentsarealsomorelikelythantheir102018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A篇small-townresidentstohaveacosmopolitan(见多识广的)outlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalfamilyroles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobewillingtoacceptnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityandunusualbehaviorseemtobeoutcomesoflargepopulationsize.Accordingtotheparagraph1,itwasonceacommonbeliefthatpeopleinmodernsocietytendedtoacquaintthemselveswithpeoplepassingbycouldnotdevelopverycloserelationshipswithothersboregreatresponsibilitiestoneighborsandrelativesusuallyhadmorefriendsthansmall-townresidentsOneoftheconsequencesofurbanismisthatthecityresidents.A.sufferfromthelackoffriendship B.lowerthequalityofrelationshipsC.showlittleconcernforotherpeople D.becomesuspiciousofeachotherWecanlearnfromthepassagethatthebiggeracommunityis,A)themoreopen-mindedpeopleare B.themoresimilaritsinterestsisC)themorelikelyitittodisplaystress D)thebetterthequalityoflifeisWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?AdvantagesanddisadvantagesoflivinginbigcitiesorsmalltownsMinordifferencesintheinterpersonalrelationsbetweencitiesandtownsCThepositiverolethaturbanismhasbeenplayinginourmodernsociety.DThestrongfeelingofalienationthatcityresidentsaresuffering.Keys:56-59 BCABSeven【2018届上海市上海中学高三上学期11月考试题】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionB(22%)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A篇（A）TheParisclimateagreementfinalizedinDecemberlastyearheralded（预示着...的至“来）aneweraforclimateaction.Forthefirsttime,theworld,snationsagreedtokeepglobalwarmingwellbelow2℃.Thisisvitalforclimate-vulnerablenations.Fewerthan4%ofcountriesareresponsibleformorethanhalfoftheworld,sgreenhousegasemissions.InastudypublishedinNatureScientificReports,werevealjusthowdeepthisinjusticeruns.DevelopednationssuchasAustralia,theUnitedStates,Canada,andEuropeancountriesareessentiallyclimate“free-riders”:causingthemajorityoftheproblemsthroughhighgreenhousegasemissions,whilem6皿口8（招致）fewofthecostssuchasclimatechange,simpactonfoodandwater.Inotherwords,afewcountriesarebenefitingenormouslyfromtheconsumptionoffossilfuels,whileatthesametimecontributingdisproportionatelytotheglobalburdenofclimatechange.Ontheflipside,therearemany“forcedride”swhoaresufferingfromtheclimatechangeimpactsdespitehavingscarcelycontributedtotheproblem.Manyoftheworld,smostclimate-vulnerablecountries,themajorityofwhichareAfricanorsmallislandstates,produceaverysmallquantityofemissions.Thisismuchlikeanon-smokergettingcancerfromsecond-handsmoke,whiletheheavysmokerisfortunateenoughtosmokeingoodhealth.TheParisagreementhasbeenwidelyhailedasapositivestepforwardinaddressingclimatechangeforall,althoughthedetailsonaddressing“climatejustice”canbebestdescribedassketchy.Thegoalofkeepingglobaltemperaturerise“wellbelow”2degreeiscommendable（值得称赞的）buttheemissions-reductionpledgessubmittedbycountriesleadinguptotheParistalksareveryunlikelytodeliveronthis.Morethan$100billioninfundinghasbeenputonthetableforsupportingdevelopingnationstoreduceemissions.However,theagreementspecifiesthatthereisnoformaldistinctionbetweendevelopedanddevelopingnationsintheirresponsibilitytocutemissions,effectivelyignoringhistoricalemissions.Thereisalsoverylittledetailonwhowillprovidethefundsor,importantly,whoisresponsiblefortheirprovision.Securingthesefunds,andestablishingwhoisresponsibleforraisingthemwillalsobevitalforthefutureofclimate-vulnerablecountries.Themostclimate-vulnerablecountriesintheworldhavecontributedverylittletocreatingthe122018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A篇globaldiseasefromwhichtheynowsufferthemost.Theremusturgentlybeameaningfulmobilization(组织，动员)ofthepoliciesoutlinedintheagreementifwearetoachievenationalemissionsreductionswhilehelpingthemostvulnerablecountriesadapttoclimatechange.Anditisclearlyuptothecurrentgenerationofleadersfromhigh-emittingnationstodecidewhethertheywanttoberememberedasclimatechangetyrantsorpioneers.TheauthoriscriticaloftheParisclimateagreementbecause.itisunfairtothoseclimate-vulnerablenationsitaimstokeeptemperaturerisebelowonlyitisbeneficialtoonlyfewerthan4%ofcountriesitburdensdevelopedcountrieswiththesoleresponsibilityWhydoestheauthorcomparethe“forcedrider卷osecond-handsmokers?Theyhavelittleresponsibilityforpublichealthproblems.Theyareeasilyaffectedbyunhealthyenvironmentalconditions.Theyhavetobearconsequencestheyarenotresponsiblefor.Theyareunawareofthepotentialriskstheyarefacing.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthe$100billionfunding?Itwillmotivateallnationstoreducecarbonemissions.Thereisnofinalagreementonwhereitwillcomefrom.Thereisnoexplanationofhowthemoneywillbespent.Itwilleffectivelyreducegreenhouseemissionsworldwide.WhaturgentactionmustbetakentorealizetheParisclimateagreement?Encouragingdevelopingnationstotaketheinitiative.Callingonallthenationsconcernedtomakejointefforts.Pushingthecurrentworldleaderstoreachagreement.Puttingineffectthepoliciesintheagreementatonce.Keys:56-59ACBD2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分