2022下半年绍兴市英语真题演练【带答案】

2022下半年绍兴市英语真题演练【带答案】学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、单选题(40题)1.Thenumberofmembersintheclub（）totwohundred

A.werelimitedB.limitsC.waslimitedD.limited

2.Youscreamedinyoursleeplastnight.You（）aterribledream

A.musthavehadB.musthaveC.musthadhadD.musthavebeen

3.You'llhavetobooktheticketsfortheholidayin（）

A.frontB.advanceC.aheadD.forward

4.Thereseemedtobeno_____totheirfinancialproblems（）

A.methodB.functionC.decisionD.solution

5.Whatisthereasonfor（）ontime

A.notyourcoming

B.younotcome

C.yournotcoming

D.younottocome

6.Sheisoneofthetopstudentsinherclassshestudiesveryhard（）

A.becauseB.soC.unlessD.though

7.Ithinktheremarkisinappropriatefor_______（）

A.suchaseriousproblem

B.soaseriousproblem

C.suchseriousproblem

D.soseriousproblem

8.AsNationalDayisroundthecorner,Shanghaiis（）afestiveatmosphere

A.lookedonB.involvedinC.bathedinD.surroundedwith

9.Frankusedtobe____________strong.Butnowhe’sdowntohislasttooth（）

A.toomuchB.farfromC.morethanD.lessthan

10._______moretime,shewouldcertainlyhavedoneitmuchbetter（）

A.GivenB.TobegivenC.GivingD.Togive

11.Allofthemare（）atLana’sachievement

A.amazedB.interestedC.fondD.proud

12.Youwillbeabletocatchthefirstbustothetownifyou_____at6o’clock（）

A.getupB.willgetupC.aregettingupD.gotup

13.Childrenwhoareover-protectedbytheirparentsmaybecome（）

A.hurtB.spoiledC.damagedD.harmed

14.Pianoisapopular______（）

A.machineB.instrumentC.equipmentD.tool

15.Wheneverweplannedourvacations，mothercouldalwaysoffersome_____suggestions（）

A.carefulB.practicalC.effectiveD.efficient

16.youhaverealizedyourtroublewithEnglishlearning,youcantakesomeeffectivesteps（）

A.NowthatB.FromnowonC.EversinceD.Bynow

17.Heapologizedhavingtoleavesoearly（）

A.becauseofB.withC.owingtoD.for

18.Helikesnovels,（）Ilikepoetry

A.whileB.becauseC.althoughD.so

19.Ithinkthebeefmusthavebeenrotten,forit_____unpleasantsmell（）

A.givesoffB.givesupC.givesinD.givesout

20._____knowsthenameofthissongwillreceiveaprizefromtileradiostation（）

A.OneB.WhoC.AnyoneD.Whoever

21.Jessicaoughttostopstudying;shehasaheadachebecauseshetoolong（）

A.readsB.isreadingC.hasbeenreadingD.hadread

22.Herman’ssuccessis（）hishardworkandhisacademicability

A.usedtoB.equaltoC.duetoD.closeto

23.gotintotheofficewhenitbegantorainheavily（）

A.Scarcelyhadthey

B.Scarcelyhavethey

C.Scarcelythey

D.Scarcelytheyhad

24.Bythistimenextweek,thewinners_____theirawards（）

A.willhavereceive

B.willbereceived

C.willhavereceived

D.willhavebeenreceiving

25.Iagreetotheidea_____ourstaffshoulduserecycled（再生的）papertosavemoney（）

A.whatB.asC.whichD.that

26.Mymothersuggeststhatwe_____eatoutforachangethisweekend（）

A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would

27.Don’tcometomorrow;I’dratheryou__________nextweekend（）

A.willcomeB.cameC.tocomeD.hadcome

28.It'snecessarythattheproblem_______insomewayorother（）

A.issettledB.hasbeensettledC.besettledD.wassettled

29.Althoughheknewlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded（）othermorewell-informedexperimentersfailed

A.asB.unlessC.whatD.where

30.Onsecond_____,wedecidednottosellourhouse（）

A.plansB.thoughtsC.ideasD.minds

31.______fromBuckinghamPalace,thistriptakesyoutothebestofLondon’ssights（）

A.BeginningB.BegunC.TobeginD.Havingbegun

32.Wehavetogettheroadrepaired（）

A.nomatterhowmuchdoesitcost

B.nomatterhowmuchcostsit

C.nomatterhowmuchitcosts

D.nomatteritcostshowmuch

33.Ihaven’tmethim_____thelastcommitteemeeting（）

A.forB.sinceC.atD.before

34.Icertainlydidn’tappreciate（）whenImademistakes

A.tobeaccused

B.havingaccused

C.tohavebeenaccused

D.beingaccused

35.Ionlywork_____weekdays,not_____weekends（）

A.on;onB.at;atC.on;atD.at;on

36.Doyoumeanthisisthedecisionyouhavemadeafterthinkingforhours（）

A.uprightB.ultimateC.totalD.tight

37.TherewerenoticketsforFriday’sperformance（）

A.preferableB.considerableC.possibleD.available

38.Wewerecaughtinatrafficjam.Bythetimewearrivedattheairporttheplane_________（）

A.willtakeoff

B.wouldtakeoff

C.hastakenoff

D.hadtakenoff

39.Yourworkwasn’tuptotherequiredstandard,_________youfailed（）

A.afterall

B.inotherwords

C.inthemeantime

D.ontheotherhand

40.Itis（）impossibletoworkwiththisnoisearound

A.especiallyB.absolutelyC.unreasonablyD.unusually

二、判断题(5题)41.A.否B.是

42.A.否B.是

43.A.否B.是

44.A.否B.是

45.A.否B.是

三、填空题(5题)46.Afterhefinishedtheassignment,hefoundsome（addition）____exercisestodo

47.Itis____thatthecompanywillmakeabigprofitintheexporttrade.（like）

48.Thewholeworldlooksupontherapid（economy）____developmentofourcountryasagreatwonder

49.Manytelevisionviewerstakehimastheir（favor）____actor

50.Sheisalways____tohelpothers.（will）

四、完型填空(20题)51.30.（）

A.excusesB.causesC.wordsD.reasons

52.56.（）

A.busyB.coldC.hardD.fearful

53.57.（）

A.subtleB.negativeC.trivialD.positive

54.28.（）

A.examineB.watchC.findD.receive

55.（）

A.thatB.whichC.theseD.those

56.WhowontheWorldCup1994footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?__41__aneventtakesplace,newspapersareonthestreets__42__thedetails.Whereveranythinghappensintheworld,reportsareonthespotto__43__thenews.

Newspapershaveonebasic__44__,togetthenewsasquicklyaspossiblefromitssource,fromthosewhomakeittothosewhowantto__45__it.Radio,telegraph,television,and__46__inventionsbroughtcompetitionfornewspapers.Sodidthedevelopmentofmagazinesandothermeansofcommunication.__47__,thiscompetitionmerelyspurredthenewspaperson.Theyquicklymadeuseofthenewerandfastermeansofcommunicationtoimprovethe__48__andthustheefficiencyoftheirownoperations.Todaymorenewspapersare__49__andreadthaneverbefore.Competitionalsolednewspaperstobranchoutintomanyotherfields.

Besideskeepingreaders__50__ofthelatestnews,today'snewspapers__51__andinfluencereadersaboutpoliticsandotherimportantandseriousmatters.Newspapersinfluencereaders'economicchoices__52__advertising.Mostnewspapersdependonadvertisingfortheirvery__53__.Newspapersaresoldatapricethat__54__evenasmallfractionofthecostofproduction.Themain__55__ofincomeformostnewspapersiscommercialadvertising.The__56__insellingadvertisingdependsonanewspaper'svaluetoadvertisers.This__57__intermsofcirculation.

Howmanypeoplereadthenewspaper?Circulationdepends__58__ontheworkofthecirculationdepartmentandontheservicesorentertainment__59__inanewspaper'spages.Butforthemostpart,circulationdependsonanewspaper'svaluetoreadersasasourceofinformation__60__thecommunity,city,country,state,nation,andworld—andevenouterspace

41.（）A.JustwhenB.WhileC.SoonafterD.Before

57.43.（）

A.findB.loseC.declareD.transform

58.69.（）

A.placeB.adaptC.putD.direct

59.66.（）

A.AsaresultB.ForexampleC.InotherwordsD.Inparticular

60.Mydadismyherobecauseheisbrave,skilled,andrespectful.Iknowmanypeoplesaytheirdadsaretheirheroes,butmydadteachesmeaboutbecomingaman,whichis41importantforayoungboy.

Respectgoesalongwaywithmydad,sodoespatience.Asa（n）42,mydadmust43peopleeveryday,someof44areniceandsomenot.Eitherway,he45hiswell-manneredattitude.

Dadisnotafraidofmanythings,orifheis,hedoesn'ttellmebecausehewantstoseemtough.Hemaynotbeabigguybutsinceheworkswithhis46allday,heisverystrong.Dadworksoutdoorsinallkindsof47buttheworstthinghehastodoisclimbupandworkinanattic（顶楼）inthemiddleofthesummer.Trustme,thisisthehottestplaceyouwillexperienceasanelectricianandwhenyoucomeback48,whatisinyourlungswillmakeyou49forhours.

MydadandIhaveaverygood50.Wetalkaboutalmosteverything.Wegohunting,fishing,andeverythingadadandsonwoulddo.MydadandIenjoyhiking51becauseitgivesustimeoutdoorstogetherandthereisnothinglikethat.Hehas52andtaughtmeeverythingIneedtoknowaboutnature.

Iam53tobethesonofMikeC.,andwouldnothaveitanyotherway.Peoplecomeuptomeallthetimeto54meIhaveagooddad.Itmakesmefeelgoodthatalotofpeoplethinkso55ofhim.Heisagoodteacherofmylifeandwoulddoanythingforme.Thisiswhymyfatherismyhero

41.（）

A.speciallyB.extremelyC.nearlyD.hardly

61.___________（）

A.cruelB.foolishC.dangerousD.special

62.Thoughsomepeoplehavesuggestedthatwomenshouldreturntohouseworkinordertoleave51jobsformen,theideahasbeenrejectedbybothwomenandmeninpublic52polls.

Latelysomeunionofficialshavesuggestedthattoomanywomenareemployedintypesofworkmore53formenandthatwomenshouldstepasidetomake54forunemployedyoungmen.Theyarguethatwomen,especiallywomenintheirchildbearing（育龄的）years,55delayeconomicdevelopmentandresult56lowerproductivity,poorqualityand57.

Tosolvetheproblem,theysuggestthatworkingwomenstayathome58theirhusbandsorbrothersweregivendoublewages.Theyarguethat59thesecircumstances,familieswould60theirsamelevelofincome,andwomencouldrunthehouseand61childrenmuchbetter.

Thesuggestion,62,hasbeenflatlyrejectedby9outof10people63.

Someotherpeoplehavesuggestedanotherwaycalledphasedemploymenttheory.Thetheorysuggeststhatawomanworkertake64fromherjobwhensheissevenmonthspregnantandstayoffthejob65herbabyreachestheageof3.Itsuggeststhatwomen66leavereceiveseventy-fivepercentoftheir67salaryandbeallowedtoreturntoworkafterthethree-yearperiod.Thiswill68children,women,theirfamiliesandthesocietyandit69seemstobemoreacceptablethanthesuggestion70womenreturntotheirhomesforever

51.（）

A.moreB.fewerC.muchD.less

63.31.（）

A.sameB.commonC.positiveD.different

64.33.（）

A.nooneelseB.anyoneelseC.someoneelseD.everyoneelse

65.62（）

A.desireB.opportunityC.willingnessD.ability

66.Ifsomeonesaysyouaresmart,whatdotheymean?Isitagoodthingorsomethingbad?Theanswerisnotaseasyasyoumightthink.Thisisbecausethewordsmarthasmanymeanings.51,someonecouldsayyoulooksmartoraredressedsmartly.Thatmeanstheylike52youarewearingandyourphysical53.Touseaslang（俚语）expression,theycouldsay,Youlook54cool!

Butifsomethingsmarts,itcanbe55orhurtful,eitherphysicallyormentally.Ifyouaccidentallytripoverachairand56,youmightshout,Wow!Thatsmarts!orifafriendsayssomethingthat57yourfeelings,youcansayyouaresmartingfromtheupsetting58.

Ifyouarestandingtooclosetoacampfire,youcouldsayyoureyesaresmartingfromthesmokeofthefire.Herethewordsmartingmeansasharp59.Butthemostcommonmeaningofsmartistobeintelligent.Ifsomeoneissmartasawhip（鞭子）,theyhavethe60tothinkveryquickly.

Peoplehave61waysofbeingsmart.Somepeopleareconsideredstreetsmart.Theymaynothaveastrongeducation.Buttheyare62indealingwithpeopleandproblemsintherealworld.Otherpeoplemightbebooksmart.Thismeanstheyhavespentmanyyearsinschool.Butwhendealingwithpeopleorproblems63existinginourworldtheymaynotbesosmart.

andthenthereisanother64ofsmartthatmeanstotalkorbehavedisrespectfully.Ifyousaysomethingdisrespectfultoyourparents,theymight65,Don’tgetsmartwithme!Here,smartmeanstoshowalackofrespectbysayingsomethingmean

（）

A.ForexampleB.InfactC.AtleastD.Afterall

67.64.（）

A.toB.withC.ofD.about

68.88.（）

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether

69.Peoplefromdifferentculturessometimesdothingsthatmakeeachotheruncomfortable,sometimeswithoutrealizingit.MostAmericans__56__outofthecountryandhavevery__57__experiencewithforeigners.Buttheyareusuallyspontaneous（朴实的）,friendlyandopen,andenjoy__58__newpeople,havingguestsandbringingpeopletogetherformallyorinformally.Theytendtousefirstnames__59__mostsituationsandspeakfreely__60__themselves.SoifyourAmericanhostsdosomethingthat__61__youuncomfortable,trytoletthemknow__62__youfeel.Mostpeoplewill__63__yourhonestyandtrynottomakeyouuncomfortableagain.Andyou'll__64__somethingaboutanotherculture!

Manytravelersfind__65__easiertomeetpeopleintheU.S.__66__inothercountries.Theymayjustcome__67__andintroducethemselvesoreveninviteyouover__68__theyreallyknowyou.SometimesAmericansaresaidtobe__69__.Perhapsitseemsso,buttheyareprobablyjust__70__agoodtime.Justlikeanywhereelse,it__71__timetobecomerealfriends__72__peopleintheU.S.

Ifand__73__youstaywithAmericanfriends,theywillprobably__74__introducingyoutotheirfriendsandfamily,andiftheyseemproud__75__you,it'sprobablybecausetheyare.Relaxandenjoyit!

56.（）A.haveneverbeen

B.havebeennever

C.hasneverbeen

D.hasbeennever

70.49.（）

A.similarB.suitableC.apparentD.constant

五、阅读理解(20题)71.Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilityforlearninglieswiththestudents.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,teachersexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththeinformationinthereadingeveniftheydonotdiscussitinclassorgiveanexamination.Theidealstudentisconsideredtobeonewhoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeoflearning,nottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighgrades.Whenresearchisassigned,theprofessorintheUnitedStatesexpectsthestudentstotaketheinitiativeandcompletetheassignmentwithlessguidance.Professorswillhelpstudentswhoneedit,butpreferthattheirstudentsnotbeover-dependentonthem.IntheunitedStates,professorshaveotherdutiesbesidesteaching.Oftentheyareresponsibleforadministrativeworkwithintheirdepartments.Inaddition,theymaybeobligedtopublisharticlesandbooks.Thereforethetimethataprofessorcanspendwithastudentoutsideofclassislimited.Ifastudenthasproblemswithclassroomwork,thestudentshouldeitherapproachaprofessorduringofficehoursormakeappointment.

Participationintheclassroomisnotonlyacceptedbutalsoexpectedofthestudentsinmanycourses.Someprofessorsbasepartofthefinalgradeonthestudent’soralparticipation.Althoughthereareformallecturesduringwhichthestudenthasapassiverole（i.e.listeningandtakingnotes）,manycoursesareorganizedaroundclassroomdiscussions,studentquestionsandinformallectures.

Intheteachingofscienceandmathematics,thedominantmodeofinstructionisgenerallytraditionalwithteacherspresentingformallecturesandstudentstakingnote.However,neweducationaltrendshaveemergedinthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesinthepasttwodecades.Studentsineducation,societyandpsychologyclasses,forexample,areoftenrequiredtosolveproblemsingroups,designprojects,makepresentationsandexaminecasestudies.Sincesomecollegeoruniversitycoursesareappliedratherthantheoretical,theystressdoingandinvolvement

Whenresearchisassignedtheprofessor（）

A.willgivethestudentsomenecessaryguidance

B.willnotgivestudentanyguidance

C.preferthatstudentnotbedependentonhimatall

D.expectthestudenttocompleteitunderhisguidance

72.（2）attendanceat____forinstructors

73.Today,Ifeltterrible.Myheadwasfullofproblemsandconfusion（暴乱）.IdecidedtotakeawalkeventhoughIdidn’tknowwheretogo.ThemostspecialthinghappenedwhenIwasoutforthiswalk.

Isawanoldmansittingonachair.Hewasasellerofsecond-handshoes.Ithoughthelookedatleast70yearsold.Heseemedsotiredandnobodywasbuyinghisshoes.IwantedtogivehimsomethingbutIhadnotbroughtanythingwithme.

Then,alittlegirlcametowardhim.Iheardthechildsay,Grandfather,mayIpolishyourshoes?Thatoldmantookpityonher,smiled,andgaveherashoetopolish.

Thegirltoldhimsheneededmoneytobuyherbrotheranewschooluniform.

Oh,littlegirl.Juststopdoingthis.ComewithmeandIwillbuyyouauniform.Thentheywalkedtoamarket,andheboughtherbrotherauniform.

Thegirlsaidthankstohimandleft,leavingtheoldmansmiling.Hewalkedawayfromthemarket,butIstoppedhim.Iwhisperedinhisear,Youareahero!Thankyouforyourkindness!AsIwalkedaway,IlookedbackandIcouldseehimstillsmiling.

IwasblownawaybythekindnessIhadjustseen.Someonewhohadsolittlewassogenerous!Amazing!Myownsadnesshadcompletelydisappeared,chasedawaybythelightofthiskindact.

IbeganrealizingthatIhavealottobethankfulfor.Ihope,someday,IcanshowmyappreciationofwhatIhavebyfollowingtheexampleoftheoldman.Heonlyhadalittle,butshareditsobeautifullywithsomeonewhohadnothing

Whatdidthegirlneed（）

A.Apairofnewshoes

B.Auniformforherbrother

C.Auniformforherself

D.Apairofsecond-handshoes

74.Ifwelovesweetthings,it’sprobablydueto_____（）

A.ourbody’sneeds

B.ourparents’influence

C.ourbasicinstinct

D.thetasteofthefood

75.Task3

Directions:Afterreadingthefollowingpassage,youshouldcompletetheinformationbyfillingintheblanksmarked46to50inthetablebelow.Youshouldwriteyouranswersinnomorethan3wordsontheAnswerSheetcorrespondingly.

Haveyoueverbeensoworriedaboutsomethingthatyouhaveaheadacheorevencan'tsleepatnight？Thenyoucannotdowellduringatestorinyourstudy.Ifso,thenyouknowthatisstress.Youareworriedtoomuchaboutsomething.Thebadfeelinginyourmindcanmakeyouangry,sad,orscared,andcanevengiveyouastomachacheoraheadache.

However,somekindsofstressaregood.Excitementmighthappenwhenyouarecalledtogiveaspeechatschool.Youfeelnervousbutexcited.Thiskindofstresscanhelpyoutogetthingswelldone.Andyouwillsucceedifthestresspushesyoutopreparemorebeforehand.

Ontheotherhand,badstresscanlastlongifyouareunabletodealwithyourproblems.Youmaynotfeelwell,ifyourparentsarehavingaquarrel,ifafamilymemberisbadlyill,ifyou'redoingpoorlyatschool,orifanythingelsemakesyouunhappy.Thatkindofstressisn'tgoingtohelpyou.Anditcanactuallyletyoudoworseinyourdailylife.

Thebestwaytofightthestressistohaveabalancedlife.Makesureyougetenoughsleepandeatproperly.Havesomeregularexercise.Youshouldtakesometimeforfun.Getadvicefromyourparents,teachersandfriends.Soonafterthat,you'llprobablygetawayfromyourstress

Meaningofstress:Stressisafeelingifyou____aboutsomethingthatyoucannotsolve

76.Humanbeingsmakethemselvesdifferentfromotheranimalsby_____（）

A.havingtheabilitytoperceivedanger

B.havingafargreatermemorycapacity

C.havingtheabilitytorecognizefacesandplacesonsight

D.havingtheabilitytodrawonpastexperiences

77.Thispassageismostlikelytakenfrom（）

A.anovelB.aTVplayC.aninstructionD.anewsreport

78.TheunderlinedwordhoistinParagraph4means_________（）

A.changeB.liftC.repairD.decorate

79.Beforestartingtheirprogramme,studentsareexpectedto（）

A.takealanguagetest

B.haveanonlineinterview

C.preparelearningmaterials

D.reporttheirlanguagelevels

80.Whensomethingterriblehappenstoourfriends,weoftencan'trespondproperly.Wehurttheirfeelingsbysayingexactlywhattheydon'twanttohear;westayawaywhentheyneedus;orifwedogetintouch,weavoidthesensitivesubjectaltogether.Wedon'tmeantoberudeorthoughtless—sowhydoweactthiswaywhenwereallywanttohelp?Howcanwefindtherightthingtosaytoafriendinadifficultsituation?Herearesomesuggestions:Keepthefocusoffyourself.Whenyouarewithafriendwhohassufferedatragedy,rememberthatyouaretheretoprovidesupportandcomfort.Concentrateonhisorherfeelingsratherthanyourown.(71)Don'tuseafriend'stragedyasanexcusetodragoutsimilarexperiencesyou'vehad.There'snothingwrongwithsaying“I'vebeenthroughit;Iknowhowyoumustfeel”,butyoushouldnotsay“Whenmymotherdied,Istoppedeatingforaweek.”Noteveryoneexperiencesgriefinthesameway,sodon'timposeguiltonapersonwhodoesn'tshowemotionasopenlyasyoumight.Justlisten.Manypainfulpeopleneedtomourn,togothroughthenormalstagesofgriefandtotalkabouttheirfeelingsandmemories.Sojustlisten,acceptyourfriend'sfeelingsandbeunderstanding.Somehurtingpeoplemaynotwanttosayanything,andyouhavetorespectthattoo.Onemansaysthatthebestphonecallshegotwerefromafriendwhocalledonceadayandtalkedfornomorethanaminute,lettinghimknowshewasthinkingofhim.Offerhelp.Anemotionallyhurtpersonmaybeoverwhelmedbythedetailsofeverydaylife.Offertodosomething,finishaprojectortakethekidstotheirpianolessons.“WhenIhadabrokenback,Ifeltcompletelyoutofcontrol,”saysJoan,adivorcedwomanwithayoungdaughter.“Whenmyneighborstookturnsfillinginformeinthecarpool,ithelpedmerelax.Itwasthedifferencebetweenchaosandorder.”Bepatient.(72)Thegriefandsorrowcanrangeinintensityanddurationandoftenlastsafewyears.Letthepersonknowyou'reconcerned.Youmightsay,“Whatyou'regoingthroughmustbeverydifficult,andIdon'tthinkyouhavetodoitalone.I'dliketohelpandwouldbealwaysherewithyou.”Noonecanbeexpectedtoknowwhattosayorhowtoactineverydifficultsituation.Butifyoubeginwithcommonsenseandpoliteness,andfocusonbeingsupportive,soonyouwillknowtherightwaytorespond.Whenwehavehurtourfriendsintroublebyimproperresponse,we______.

A.usuallydiditonpurpose

B.wouldfeelregretfulforwhatwehadsaidanddone

C.wouldstayawayfromthem

D.shouldcontinuegettingintouchwiththem

81.Tostrengthenfriendlyrelationship,people_____（）

A.mustholdfriendshipceremonies

B.havetoeliminatedifferencesinbackground

C.shouldmakefriendswiththosewhoareofthesameageandofthesamerace

D.shouldsupportandunderstandeachotherthroughsharedexperiencesandemotions

82.Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedonpersuasivesalesmanshiptomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavor（努力）tofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.

Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolent（慈善的）orthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction—thefirmandthecustomer—andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestoration（恢复）oftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidenew.KingCustomerruled!

Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,（）

A.thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoney

B.makinggoodsavailableforpurchase

C.thecustomer-centeredapproach

D.aformofpersuasivesalesmanship

83.AccordingtoSidneyCrown,agoodrelationshipshouldbe__________（）

A.fairandequal

B.fairandkind

C.powerfulandequal

D.confidentandfair

84.Scientiststhinkafidgetinghabittobe______（）

A.awaytolosefat

B.anervoushabitannoyingthepeoplearound

C.abetterkindofexercisethanslowrunning

D.ahabitofthinpeople

85.Howmanytimeshaveyougotupsetbecausesomeonewasn'tdoinghisjob,orbecauseyourchildwasn'tbehaving?Howmanytimeshaveyoubeenirritatedwhenyouplannedsomethingcarefullyandthingsdidn'tgoasyou'dhoped?

Thiskindofangerandirritationhappenstoallofus—it'spartofthehumanexperience.Onethingthatirritatesmeiswhenpeopletalkduringamovie,orcutmeoffintraffic.Actually,Ihavealotoftheselittleannoyances—don'tweall?Anditisn'talwayseasytofindpeacewhenyou'vebecomeupsetorirritated.

Letmetellyoualittlesecrettofindingpeaceofmind:seetheglassasalreadybroken.See,thecauseofourstress,angerandirritationisthatthingsdon'tgothewaywelike,orthewayweexpectthemto.Thinkofhowmanytimesthishasbeentrueforyou.Andsothesolutionissimple:expectthingstogowrong;expectthingstobedifferentfromwhatwehopedorplanned;expecttheunexpectedtohappen.Andacceptit.

Onequickexample:onourrecenttriptoJapan,Itoldmykidstoexpectthingstogowrong—theyalwaysdothatonatrip.Itoldthem,Seeitaspartoftheadventure.

Andthisworkedlikeacharm.Whenweinevitablytookthewrongtrainonaforeignlanguagesubwaysystem,orwhenitrainedonthedaywewenttoDisneySea,orwhenwetookthreetrainsandwalked10blocksonlytofindtheNationalChildren'sCastleclosedonMondays…theysaid,It'spartoftheadventure!AnditwasallOK—wedidn'tgettoobothered.

Sowhentheniceglassyouboughtinevitablyfallsandbreakssomeday,youmightgetupset.Butthingswillbedifferent,ifyouseetheglassasalreadybroken,fromthedayyougetit.Youkn