21世纪大学英语应用型综合教程 IV：U3-B Warm up

Directions:

Youwillheararecordingandyouarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Unit3:Warmup

Personalcharacterisprobablythemostimportantareawhenconsideringwhatyouwantinamarriagepartneranditisoftentheareathatgetstheleastattention.Mostotherattributesofaperson1._______________.theircharacterandvalues.Apersonwhoishardworkingand2.________islikelytobefinanciallywellofforwellontheirwaytoit.Apersonwhohasstrongmoralvaluesislikelytobe3.________.Apersonwhoisdogmaticandtraditionalmaybereligious.flowoutofpersistentspiritualUnit3:Warmup

Inidentifyingthequalitiesofyouridealmarriagepartner,4._____________________identifyingthecharacteristicsandvaluesheorshewouldhave.Whatqualitiesmustheorshedisplay?Persistence?5._____________?Affection?Determination?Honesty?Highintegrity?Self-discipline?Intelligence?Knowledge?Loyalty?Thislistcanbequitelong.Butitiscriticalthatyouidentifythecharacteristicsthat6._______________________toyou.

paythemostattentiontoIndustriousnessareofessentialimportanceUnit3:Warmup

Ifyouarefindingitdifficulttodeterminetheimportanceofa7.________characteristic,simplyimaginebeinginarelationshipwithapersonwhodoesnothaveit.Youwillknow8.__________howimportantthatcharacteristicistoyou.Considerbeinginarelationshipwithadishonestpersonwhowillnottellyouwherehe/shehasbeenandwhathe/shehasbeendoing.Doesthisthoughtreallyupsetyou?Orisitjustmildly9.________?Considertheflipsideofthisaswell.Whatqualitiesmustyourpartnerabsolutelynothave?Dishonesty?Lackof10._________?Laziness?Socialineptitude?AegrityUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointssevere

—a.1.strictorharshinattitudeortreatment2.verybad,intense,difficult,etc.Examples:Shewasaseverewomanwhoseldomsmiled.她是个严肃的女人，脸上很少出现笑容。Shemayappearseveretowardherchildrenbutsheisafondmotheratheart.她表面上对孩子们很严厉，实际上是一位慈祥的母亲。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Theseverestormdamagedmostofthecrops.猛烈的暴风雨毁掉了大部分庄稼。He’ssufferingfromseverementaldisorder.他患有严重的精神疾病。severe

—a.1.strictorharshinattitudeortreatment2.verybad,intense,difficult,etc.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsremiss

—a.carelessofone’sdutyExamples:Youhavebeenveryremissinfulfillingyourobligations.你一向在履行义务方面很不负责任。Itwasremissofhertoforgettopaythebill.她忘了付账，真是粗心大意。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointspetty

—a.1.smallortrivial;unimportant2.havingorshowingasmallmind;meanExamples:Itwasapettyproblemandtheysoonsolvedit.这只是一个小问题，他们很快就解决了。Don’tbothermewithsuchpettythings.不要用这种小事来烦我。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Agossiphasapettymind.长舌妇往往心胸狭窄。Itwaspettyofhernottoaccepttheapology.她气量太小，连道歉也不接受。petty

—a.1.smallortrivial;unimportant2.havingorshowingasmallmind;meanUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointspromiscuous—a.havingsexualrelationswithmanypeopleExamples:Michellehasseveralboyfriendsatonce—inotherwords,she’spromiscuous.米歇尔同时有好几个男朋友——换句话说,她私生活混乱。Alecknewthatshewassuperficialandpromiscuous.亚历克知道她很肤浅且私生活混乱。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsThereasontheypunishthisoffencesoseverelyisthattheysupposefewpeoplewouldjoininmarriedlove—bybeingconfinedtoasinglepartnerandallthepettyirritationsthatmarriedlifeinvolves—unlesstheywerestrictlyrestrainedfrompromiscuousintercourse.Paraphrase:Whydotheypunishthisoffencesoseverely?Thereasonisthattheythinkifpeoplewerenotstrictlyrestrainedfrompromiscuousintercourse,fewofthemwouldchoosetojoininmarriedlove,becausemarriagetothemmeansbeingconfinedtoasinglepartnerandgoingthroughalltheproblemsandhardshipsinthemarriagelife.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsabsurd

—pletelyridiculous;notlogicalandsensibleExamples:Itisquiteabsurdtobelievethatthenumber13isunlucky.相信13是个不吉祥的数字是荒唐可笑的。Thatuniformmakesthemlookabsurd.他们穿着那种制服看起来怪模怪样的。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Ifindmyselfgrowingincreasinglyangryattheabsurdityofthesituation.对如此荒谬可笑的情况我感到越来越生气。Hisstoryofbeingkidnappedbylittlegreenmenissheerabsurdity.他说他遭到矮小的绿种人绑架，这纯粹是无稽之谈。absurdity

—n.foolishbehaviorUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsextreme

—n.1.thefurthestpossiblelimit2.feeling,condition,etc.asfarapartorasdifferentfrom anotheraspossibleExamples:Thisisinconvenientintheextreme.这极不方便。Thiskindofexperimentseemscruelintheextreme.这种试验看起来极端残忍。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Loveandhateareextremesofpassion.爱与恨是情感的两个极端。Hewasonceterriblyshybutnowhe’sgonetotheoppositeextreme.他以前特别腼腆，可现在却判若两人。extreme

—n.1.thefurthestpossiblelimit2.feeling,condition,etc.asfarapartorasdifferentfrom anotheraspossibleUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsrespectable

—a.ofacceptablesocialposition;decentandproperinappearanceorbehaviorExamples:Theyarearespectablemarriedcouple.他们是一对值得尊敬的夫妇。Hecamefromaperfectlyrespectablemiddle-classfamily.他出身于一个非常体面的中产阶级家庭。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Thechildreninourfamilyarealwaysrespectfultotheelders.我们家的孩子对长辈总是恭恭敬敬的。Theywentintotheirrespectivebedroomstopack.他们回到各自的卧室打包。respectful:a.feelingorshowingrespect恭敬的；表示尊敬或尊重的respective:a.

of

or

for

or

belonging

to

each

as

an

individual各自的；各个的；分别的

C.f.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointssimilarly

—ad.also;likewiseExamples:

Similarly,ifthegovernmentraisestaxes,peoplehavelessmoneytospend.同样，如果政府增加税收，人们手里能花的钱就会减少。Hemingway’suseofdialoguewassimilarlyfresh,simple,andnaturalsounding.海明威笔下的对话也同样新鲜、简洁、自然。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Wehavesimilartastesinmusic.我们在音乐方面品味相似。Goldissimilarincolourtobrass.金与黄铜的颜色相似。similar—a.resemblingsb./sth.butnotthesame;alikeUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Ibelievehewasanhonourableman,dedicatedtothepeopleandhisunion.我认为他是个品行高尚的人，一心为人民和工会的事业。Anhonourabledeathisbetterthanadisgracefullife.宁为玉碎，不为瓦全。honourable

—a.showingorcharacterizedbyhonorandintegrityUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsbare

—a.1.withouttheusualcoveringorprotection2.withoutclothingExamples:Itisonlyabarehillsidewithoutanytrees.这只是个光秃秃的山坡，没有树。Thisisanold,twistedtree,itsbarkshaggy,manyofitslimbsbrittleandbare.这是一棵虬枝盘绕的古树，树皮粗糙，很多枝杈光秃秃的，一折就断。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Shehadbarearmsandabareneck.她的胳臂和脖子都露在外面。Jonathan’sbarefeetmadenosoundinthesoftsand.乔纳森光着脚在松软的沙滩上走，一点声音都没有。bare

—a.1.withouttheusualcoveringorprotection2.withoutclothingUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Ifyouaccepttheterms,wewillclosethedeal.你方若接受这些条款，我们就成交。We

are

planning

a

meeting

soon

to

close

the

deal.

我们将尽快安排一次会议，以完成这笔交易。closethedeal

—toreachanagreementoncertaintermsforbuyingordoingsth.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointssaddle

—n.seat,oftenofleather,forarideronahorse,donkey,etc.Examples:Pleasegivemealiftontothesaddle.请把我扶上马鞍。Thesaddleissecure.这鞍子很牢。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsinthesaddle

—1.onhorseback2.inapositionofcontrolExamples:Sherideseasyinthesaddle.她骑马骑得很轻松。Hespenthoursinthesaddle.他骑了几个小时的马。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:It’sgoodtohaveanexperiencedmaninthesaddleagain.又有一位经验丰富的人掌权,这太好了。Thedirectorhopestoremaininthesaddle.该董事希望留任。inthesaddle

—1.onhorseback2.inapositionofcontrolUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Thoughthesorebeinghealed,yetascarmayremain.伤口虽然痊愈了,却可能留下伤疤。Herhandsarecoveredinsores.她双手有很多伤口。sore

—n.painfulplaceonthebody(wheretheskinorfleshisinjured)Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Anoteofdiscordcreptintotheirrelationship.他们的关系出现了裂痕。

Whathasbroughtdiscordintohisfamily?什么使得他的家庭不和?discord—n.disagreement;quarrellingUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsNotallpeoplearesowiseastoconcernthemselvessolelywithcharacter;andeventhewiseappreciatethegiftsofthebodyasasupplementtothevirtuesofthemind.Paraphrase:Inchoosingtheirmarriagepartners,somepeoplearenotwiseenoughtoputemphasisonlyoncharacter,andeventhewisemenvaluehighlythebodyandthinkthevirtuesofthemind,togetherwithabeautifulbody,makeanidealmarriagepartner.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Hewasbornwithaslightdeformityofthefootwhichmadehimlimp.他的脚先天有点畸形，走起路来一瘸一拐的。Hisdeformitytotallydisabledhimfromfollowinghisvocation.他的残疾使他完全失去了从事他的职业的能力。deformity—n.beingdeformedUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Don’talienateyourselffromthemasses.不要脱离群众。ThePrimeMinister’spolicyalienatesmanyofhisfollowers.首相的政策使许多拥护他的人疏远了他。alienate

—v.tocausesb.tobecomeunfriendlyorindifferent;toestrangesb.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Shoesthataretootightdeformthefeet.穿太紧的鞋子会使脚变形。Inseverecases,itcandeformjointsandcrippleitsvictims.严重的情况，可使关节变形，使病人残废。deform—v.tospoiltheshapeorappearanceofsth.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsdeceit

—n.1.deliberatelyleadingsb.tobelieveoracceptsth.thatisfalse,usu.soastogetsth.foroneself;deceiving2.dishonestactorstatementExamples:Shewonherpromotionbydeceit.她用欺骗的手段获得晋升。Heisamanofdeceit.他是一个奸诈的人。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Theyhavebeeninvolvedinacampaignofdeceit.他们参与了一系列的诈骗活动。Theboy’sdeceitmadehismotherveryunhappy.男孩的欺骗行为使他的母亲非常生气。deceit

—n.1.deliberatelyleadingsb.tobelieveoracceptsth.thatisfalse,usu.soastogetsth.foroneself;deceiving2.dishonestactorstatementUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Youcan’tpassexamswithoutworking,sodon’tdeceiveyourselfintothinkingyoucan.不努力是不可能考试及格的，因此不要欺骗自己以为可以过关。Weweredeceivedintobelievingthathecouldhelpus.我们受骗了，还以为他会帮助我们。deceive—v.tomakesb.believesth.thatisnottrue(soastomakehimdosth.);todeliberatelymisleadsb.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Themusicmayend,thelifemayterminate,buttheidealcannot.音乐可以结束,生命可以终结,但理想不会。Youhavenorighttoterminatethecontract.你无权终止合同。terminate—v.tocometoanendorbring(sth.)toanendUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsoffensive—a.1.upsettingorannoying;insulting2.disgusting;repulsiveExamples:Ifoundyourattitudemostoffensive.我觉得你的态度十分无礼。Shesaidsomeoffensiveremarks.她说了一些令人不快的话。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Hismodeofdoingbusinessisoffensivetome.我很不喜欢他做事情的方式。Ifoundhimveryoffensive.我觉得他非常讨厌。offensive—a.1.upsettingorannoying;insulting2.disgusting;repulsiveUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsunstable

—a.likelytochangesuddenlyandbecomeworseExamples:Thepatient’sconditionwasunstable.那位患者的病情不稳定。Thepoliticalsituationwasunstable.政局动荡。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPoints...andtheyaddthatoldage,sinceitnotonlycarriesdiseasebutisadiseaseitself,needsmorethanaunstableloyalty.Paraphrase:...andtheyaddthattheagedpeopleneedstableloyaltyfromtheirmarriagepartner,notonlybecauseitismorelikelyforthemtogetadisease,butbecausebeingageditselfisadisease.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Theyareutterlyincompatiblewitheachother.他们之间水火不容。Themarriedcouplearguedincessantlyandfinallydecidedtoseparatebecausetheyareincompatible.这对夫妻不断争吵，由于实在无法相容,最终他们决定分手。incompatible—a.1.notabletoliveorworkhappilywithsb.2.notconsistentorinlogicalagreementwithsth.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Hisbehaviorhasbeenincompatiblewithhisroleasheadofstate.他的行为与他的国家领袖身份不相称。Discriminationisincompatiblewithdemocraticprinciples.歧视与民主原则不相容。incompatible—a.1.notabletoliveorworkhappilywithsb.2.notconsistentorinlogicalagreementwithsth.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPoints

mutual—a.1.(ofafeelingoranaction)feltordonebyeachtowardsthe other2.sharedbytwoormorepeopleExamples:Democracyisbasedongoodwillandmutualunderstanding.民主建立在善意和相互理解的基础上。Bymutualconsent,theyareseparated.经双方同意后，他们分居了。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Theyhadsharedacommondangerandamutualdeliverance.他俩共历艰辛，同免于难。Wewereintroducedbyamutualfriend.我们共同的一位朋友介绍我们认识了。

mutual—a.1.(ofafeelingoranaction)feltordonebyeachtowardsthe other2.sharedbytwoormorepeopleUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointscontract—v.toenterintoorundertakesth.formallyn.awrittenlegalagreementbetweentwopeopleorbusinessesExamples:Shehadcontractedamostunsuitablemarriage.她订下了一个极不合适的婚约。Thetwobusinessescontractedamerger.这两家公司立约合并。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Thecontractwillaffectournationalprestigeintheworld.这一合同将会影响我国的国际声望。Iwithheldpaymentuntiltheyhadfulfilledthecontract.他们履行合同后，我才付款。contract—v.toenterintoorundertakesth.formallyn.awrittenlegalagreementbetweentwopeopleorbusinessesUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsinvestigate—v.1.tofindoutandexamine(allthefactsaboutsth.)inordertoobtainthetruth2.tofindoutdetailedfactsabout(sb’scharacteroractions)byquestioning,observation,etc.Examples:Hewasaskedtoinvestigatethecausesofarailwayaccident.他被派去调查火车发生事故的原因。Maybeweshouldinvestigateeverybadmarriageinthecity.也许我们应该调查这座城市所有的不良婚姻。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsinvestigate—v.1.tofindoutandexamine(allthefactsaboutsth.)inordertoobtainthetruth2.tofindoutdetailedfactsabout(sb’scharacteroractions)byquestioning,observation,etc.Examples:Applicantsforgovernmentpostsarealwaysthoroughlyinvestigatedbeforebeingappointed.申请担任政府公职的人总要经过彻底审查才能得到委任。Thepolicemendecidedtocatchherfirst,andtheninvestigateher.警察决定先把她抓起来,然后再审问她。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Aftertheirweddingceremony,theystartedtheirconjugallife.结婚仪式后，他们开始了夫妻生活。Prisonersarepermittedconjugalvisits.允许囚犯的配偶探视。conjugal

—a.ofmarriageortherelationshipbetweenhusbandandwifeUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsavailable—a.1.(ofthings)thatcanbeusedorobtained2.(ofpeople)freetobeseen,talkedto,etc.Examples:Ticketsareavailableattheboxoffice.售票处有票。Youwillbeinformedwhenthebookbecomesavailable.这本书有货时会通知你的。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:I’mavailableintheafternoon.我下午有空。ThePrimeMinisterwasnotavailableforcomment.首相无暇作出评论。available—a.1.(ofthings)thatcanbeusedorobtained2.(ofpeople)freetobeseen,talkedto,etc.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsDivorceisdeliberatelymadedifficultbecausetheyknowthatconjugallovewillhardlybestrengthenedifeachpartnerhasinmindthatanewmarriageiseasilyavailable.Paraphrase:Theymakedivorcedifficultonpurpose,becausetheyknowthatthecouplewillnottrytostrengthentheirloveiftheythinkitiseasytogetanewmarriage.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Herachievementsareworthyofthehighestpraise.她的成就值得给予最高赞赏。Shesaidshewasnotworthytoacceptthehonourtheyhadofferedher.她说她不配接受他们给予的荣誉。worthy—a.deservingsth.ortodosth.Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsprovided

—conj.ontheconditionorunderstandingthatExamples:Iwillagreetogoprovided(that)myexpensesarepaid.如果为我负担费用，我就同意去。Providedwegetgoodweatheritwillbeasuccessfulholiday.如果天气良好，我们的假日将过得非常愉快。Unit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Heshowsnorepentanceforwhathehasdone.他对自己的所作所为毫无悔意。Confessionisthefirststeptorepentance.认罪是悔罪的第一步。repentance—n.regretorsorrowforwrongdoingUnit3:LanguageandCulturalPointsExamples:Shecan’treturntoworkbecauseshe’shadarelapse.由于旧病复发，她不能回来工作了。Youarewellnow,butmindyoudon’thavearelapse.你的病现在好了,但要防止反复。relapse—n.actofrelapsing,esp.afterpartialrecoveryfromanillness

Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Ican’tendurehisunreasonableaction.availableabsurdseveredeceitbareterminateinvestigateincompatible

Ican’tendurehisabsurdaction.Heisaccusedofdeceiveatcards.Heisaccusedofcheatingatcards.Unit3Exercises:LanguageFocus3.It’sagreatfeast,butyou’realwaysawarethatit’sfinite,ithastocometoanend.It’sagreatfeast,butyou’realwaysawarethatit’sfinite,ithastoterminate.Thegovernmenthassetupaworkingpartytoinestiagetetheproblemofdrugabuse.4.Thegovernmenthassetupaworkingpartytolookintotheproblemofdrugabuse.Unit3Exercises:LanguageFocusavailableabsurdseveredeceitbareterminateinvestigateincompatible

Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.5.Indeed,sheisaverykindmother,butsheisstrictwithherchildren.Indeed,sheisaverykindmother,butsheisseverewithherchildren.Unit3Exercises:LanguageFocusavailableabsurdseveredeceitbareterminateinvestigateincompatible

Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Readthefollowingpassage.Foreachnumberedblank,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestone.1.A．goalongB．gowrongC．gobackD．goforward2．A．bringB．makeC．gainD．take3．A．sensitiveB．sensibleC．sentimentalD．sensational

Agoodhusbandwillembodymanydifferentcharacteristics,includingbeingagoodlistenerandcommunicatoraswellasbeingabletoapologizewithoutbeingprompted.Youcan’t1.________withamanwhofeelsacertainsenseofobligationto2.______expectedandunexpectedresponsibilitiesattimes.Agoodhusbandshouldalsobe3._______toyouremotionalchanges.Loyaltyandhonestyaremustsinanymarriage.Unit3Exercises:ClozetakegowrongsensitiveReadthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestone.4.A．complainB．commandC．compromiseD．confront5．A．quantityB．expectationC．dreamD．quality6．A．positiveB．optimisticC．negativeD．pessimistic7．A．incomeB．outcomeC．intakeD．outlook

Goodqualitiesmakeamarriageeasier.Duringdisagreements,forinstance,ahusbandwhoiswillingto4.___________canhelpavoidlong,drawnoutarguments.Simplegoodqualitiessuchasthiswillimproveyour5.______oflife,especiallyifyouasawifepossessthesame.Downplaying（不予重视）thesignificanceoffindinggoodqualitiesinahusbandcanhave

6.______effects.Marryingbasedsolelyonphysicalattraction,forinstance,usuallyhasabad7.______promisequalityoutcomenegativeUnit3Exercises:ClozeReadthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestone.

8.A．endupB．endinC．stopatD．stopto9．A．differenceB．similarityC．situationD．sense10．A．sacrificedB．sacredC．sacrificialD．sacrificing11.A．recordB．noticeC．highlightD．enjoySincenearlyhalfofmodernmarriages8.______divorce,loweringexpectationswhenlookingforahusbandcanmeanthe9.______betweenalifetimeofmemoriesandalifetimeofregret.Goodqualities,whetherinahusbandorawife,shouldneverbe10.________intherushtogetmarried.Ifyouaredating