自考物流英语课后题

UNIT1GENERALINTRODUCTIONTOLOGISTICSⅤ.Multiplechoices.1.Doyouhearthat_____hasbecomeahotcareer?Itsoundstoogoodtobetrue.A.logicalB.logisticsC.logicD.logistic2.Theaimof_____managementistominimizetheamountofmaterialinstock.A.inventionB.inventiveC.inventoryD.inventiveness3.Iftheshiphadsailedalongtherecommended______,itwouldhavebeenabletoavoidtheheavyweather.A.routeB.routC.roadD.way4.Managersmustestablishandimplementinventoryplanonthebasisof______considerations.A.strategyB.logisticsC.strategicD.logical5.Don’tforgettorefertothebookERPinthe______ofplanningresourcesinyouenterprise.A.wayB.routeC.processD.proceed6.Thesupermarketgrouphasto______400TEUofcargofromChinaeveryyear.A.purchasedB.purchasingC.boughtD.purchase7.Mostexpertsagreethatthe_____expendituretoperformlogisticsintheUSwasjustunder10%ofhe1994grossnationalproduct.A.yearB.monthlyC.quarterlyD.annual8.The_____expenseswillbeforyouraccountifyouplaceanorderof100,000tonsofrollsteelatatime.Myworkshopusesonlytentonsamonth.A.stockingB.storeC.storageD.stored9.Thesitesof______aredeterminedbycustomerandmanufacturinglocationsandproductrequirements.A.houseB.warehouseC.factoryD.location10.Thechapterdescribesreactivemethods,whichrespondtoproductdemandatindividual______.A.placeB.siteC.positionD.locationⅥ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Itisthroughthelogisticalprocessthatmaterialsflowintothevastmanufacturingcapacityofanindustrialnationandproductsaredistributedthroughmarketingchannelstoconsumers.正是通过物流过程原材料才得以流到工业国家巨大的制造机器中，产品才能通过市场这个渠道流到客户。2.Logisticsiscomplex.InChinaalone,themarketstructureinvolvesmorethan20millionretailingnetworksandmorethan2millionwholesalers’networks.物流极为复杂，仅在中国市场上就有2000多万零售商网点和200多万批发商网点。3.Oneexpertholdstheviewthatlogisticsisaniceberg,onlythetopofwhichisseen.Whatisunseenismuchbigger.有一个专家认为物流是一座冰山，人们只看到它的顶部，未见到的那部分更大。4.Theoverallgoaloflogisticsistoachieveatargetedlevelofcustomerserviceatthelowestpossibletotalcost.物流的总体目标是以尽可能低的总成本取得预期的客户服务的水平。5.Inthebeginning,companiesthatcouldaffordinventorywereabletosatisfycustomerdemand.在早期，有库存能力的公司才能满足顾客的需求。6.Thedistributionofmarketchannelisperhapstheleastunderstoodbusinessarea.配送渠道和市场渠道是也许是人们知道得最少的商业领域。7.Quiteanumberofcompaniesachievedsuccessbycreationvaluethroughoutdomesticandglobalsupplychains.很多公司通过国内和全球供应链靠创造价而取得成功。Ⅶ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1.物流对国内经济和全球经济有巨大的影响。(impact)Logisticshashugeimpactondomesticandglobaleconomy.2.国际红十字会的工作就像一个活动的仓库。(mobile)TheInternationalRedCrossoperateslikeamobilewarehouse.3.在佐治亚州(Georgia)的亚特兰大(Atlanta)举行的夏季奥运会上﹐物流的费用为2500多元美元。(logistics)MorethanUSD25millionwasspentonlogisticsforthesummerOlympicsinAtlanta,4.物流管理的基本概念适用于所有私营企业和公用企业。(concept)Thebasicconceptsoflogisticalmanagementareapplicablethroughoutprivateandpublicenterpriseactivities.5.物流已经变成一种职业﹐注重战略思维﹑分析技朮和采用技朮型工具。(value)Logisticshasbecomeaprofessionthatvaluesstrategicthinking,analyticalskills,andtheuseoftechnology-basedtools.6.外国公司的出现将有助于物流在中国的发展。(contribute)TheappearanceofforeigncompanieswillcontributestothedevelopmentoflogisticsinChina.7.物流对经济的发展起了很大的推动作用。(promote)Logisticsplaysaveryimportantroleinpromotingeconomicdevelopment.8.我喜欢对问题进行详细的分析。(analysis)Iliketocarryoutdetailedanalysisofaproblem.9.现在从事物流行业的收入高于平均数。(average)Nowadays,peopleinlogisticsbusinesshaveanincomehigherthantheaverage.10.为了保证物流的及时性﹐就要求一定的库存存在。(inventory)Toensurethetimelinesoflogistics,itisimportanttokeepacertainlevelofinventory.UNIT2ANIMPORTANTFACTORⅣ.Multiplechoices.1.Itisthroughthelogisticalprocessthat_______aredistributedthroughmarketingchannelstoconsumers.A.productB.productsC.itemD.cargo2.Thebigcityhasamulti-culturalpopulationwithagrowing_______base.A.industryB.industrialC.agricultureD.agricultural3.Theclassificationofproductsisnecessaryfortheapplicationof________inventory.A.selectiveB.chooseC.theallD.choosing4.Generallyspeaking,cigarettescanbefoundina_____shop.A.bakeryB.butcher’sC.tobacconist’sD.stationery5.Asisknowntoall,theGDPwillriseas________costisreduced.A.logisticB.logisticsC.logicalD.logic6.Logisticswasformerlycalledphysical_________.A.positionB.distributionC.settingD.distribute7.Oneofthekeypointindistributionofproductiswhetheritis_________wherethecustomerwishestoconsumeit.A.availabilityB.availableC.consumableD.useful8.Wemustdistributetheproductstoasmanyplacesaspossiblesothatourcustomersfindit_____togetthem.A.complicatedB.difficultC.hardD.convenient9.For_______purposes,itisusefultodescribethe80-20curvemathematically.A.analyticalB.analysisC.analyzeD.analyst10.Itemswouldhavea(n)_______distributionstrategywherefewregionalwarehousesareused.A.middleB.reasonableC.intermediateD.averageⅤ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Incustomerserviceperformance,availabilitymeansprovidingaproductormaterialonapredictablebasis.在客户服务绩效方面﹐可用性就是在预测的基础上提供产品或原料。2.Availabilitydependsonkeepingasafestockandhowfastthestockisfilledupaccordingtoorders.可用性取决于安全库存以及根据订货填满库存有多快。3.Performanceistheabilitytoachieveapredeterminedspeed,consistencyandflexibilityindelivery.绩效是交付货物时达到预期的速度﹑取得一致性和灵活性的能力。4.Thedevelopmentandmaintenanceofqualityperformancearebasedoncontinuousmeasurementoflogisticaloperations.质量绩效的开发和维持是以对物流作业持续不断的衡量为基础的。5.Logisticsinindustrializedcountriesisnowthelastfrontierforincreasingbenefitsinindustrialproduction.工业化国家的物流现在是增加工业生产利润的最后空间。6.Itisimportanttofullyunderstandcustomerservicedeliverableswhenestablishinglogisticalstrategy.在确定物流策略时﹐完整理解客户服务的可交付性是重要的。7.Basiccustomerserviceisdefinedintermsofavailability,performanceandreliability.基本的客户服务是从可得性﹑绩效和可靠性三个方面来衡量的。8.Littleelseissignificantifthecustomer’sexpectationsarenotfullymet.如果客户的期望值没有完全实现﹐其它任何东西就都不重要了。9.Logisticalperformanceshouldbemodifiedovertimetoaccommodatechangingmarketingrequirements.物流绩效随时调整﹐以适应不断变化的市场需求。10.Afundamentalqualityissueinlogisticsistheabilitytocomplytolevelsofplannedinventoryavailabilityandoperationalperformance.物流中的基本质量问题就是能够遵守计划库存可得性的水平和操作绩效。Ⅵ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1.在今天的工业社会里﹐物流扮演的角色越来越重要﹐这已有共识。(acknowledge)Intoday’sindustrialsociety,itisauniversallyacknowledgedfactthatlogisticsisplayingamoreandmoreimportantrole.2.实现顾客的期望值是成功物流的一个核心战略。(strategy)Realizationofcustomer’sexpectationisacorestrategyofsuccessfullogistics.3.实现物流效率离不开实物运输工具在技朮上的不断改进。(physical)Achievementoflogisticshighefficiencycan’tberealizedwithoutphysicalvehicles’continuousimprovementintechnology.4.物流的最终质量要求就是把每件事都做对并在第一时间做对。(ultimate)Theultimateinlogisticsqualityistodoeverythingrightanddoitrightthefirsttime.5.食物是典型的方便性消费品。(typical)Foodstuffsaretypicalconvenienceproducts.6.汽车﹐房子是人们要经过深思熟虑后才能购买的产品。(deliberation)Automobilesandhousesareproductsthatpeoplecanbuyaftercarefuldeliberation.7.因为市场的不断开拓﹐公司今年年底的效益一定非常可观。(substantial)Bytheendofthisyear,thecompany’sprofitsmustbeverysubstantialwithincreasingmarketexpansion.8.许多公司都在努力创造自己的特色品牌以引导消费者偏好。(preference)Manyfirmsaretryingtocreatetheiruniquebrandinordertoguidecustomers’preference.9.产品可以分为工业用品和消费用品两种。(category)Productscanbedividedintotwocategories:industrialproductsandconsumerproducts.10.有效的产品配送模式能够给整个物流过程节省大量时间。(pattern)Effectiveproductsdistributionpatternscansaveagreatdealoftimeforthewholelogisticsprocess.UNIT3TRANSPORTATIONⅦ.Multiplechoices.1.We’vestudiedallour_______catalogs.A.competitorsB.competitor’sC.competitorD.competitors’2.Jimispresidentofa______firmthatmakesmini-motorhomesinMichigan.A.mediumsizeB.middle-sizeC.medium-sizingD.middlesize3.Thisiscalledthetapering________.A.principalB.principleC.principlesD.principals4.Thereis,however,awell-definedorderinwhichthecomponentscanbeinstalledinthevehiclemost____.A.efficientB.efficientlyC.effectivelyD.effective5.Recently,ithasbecomecleartoJimthattransportationand______costsarearelativelylargeportionofhiscomponentpartsexpenses.A.inventoryB.inventC.inventionD.inventive6.He_______hearingabout“just-in-time”systems.A.hasB.wereC.hadD.hadbeen7.Thefirm_____fromalocalontoanationalone.A.hasbeenexpandedB.hasexpandedC.wasexpandedD.expand8.Excuseme,butIdon’tquite______you.I’mconfused.A.feelB.helpC.followD.understanding9.Overheadandinventorycarryingcostsarealwayspresentbutmay______inavarietyofways.A.beallocatingB.beallocatedC.allocateD.allocated10.Virtuallytheentireproduct______fromcomponentspurchasedfromoutsidevendors.A.areassembledB.assembledC.isassemblingD.isassembledⅧ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Transportmayaccountforone-thirdtotwo-thirdsoftotallogisticscosts.交通运输可能占整个物流成本的1/3到2/3。2.Thechoicesavailabletotheuserstypicallyincludethefivemajortransportmodes(air,truck,rail,water,andpipe)andtheircombinations.用户一般可以选择五大运输模式(飞机﹑汽车﹑铁路﹑水路和管道运输)﹐也可以互相结合运用。3.Thecostcharacteristicsvaryfromonemodetoanotheranddeterminetheirratestructures.几个模式的成本的特点各有千秋﹐决定了费率结构有所不同。4.Ontheotherhand,carrierperformanceisbasedontheextentofshipmenthandlingatterminalsandinherentspeedofthecarrier.另外一方面﹐船舶绩效取决于码头上的装卸能力以及船本身的速度。5.Thetransportationequipmentisthesameasthatuseddomestically,withtheexceptionthatcertainelementsofthetransportsystemhavebecomemoreimportant.运输设备和国内所用的一样﹐但运输系统的某些要素变得更为重要。6.Fortunately,thereexistmiddlemen,agents,freightforwarders,andbrokerstoassisttheshipperwithinternationalmovement.幸运的是﹐有许多中间商﹑代理商﹑货代和经纪人帮助托动人进行国际贸易往来。Ⅸ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1.运输是物流系统中设计和管理的一个重要部分﹐可能占整个物流成本的1/3到2/3。(accountfor)Transportationisavitalcomponentinthedesignandmanagementoflogisticssystems.Itmayaccountforone-thirdtotwo-thirdsoftotallogisticscosts.2.几个模式的成本的特点各有千秋﹐决定了费率结构有的不同。(vary,determine)Thecostcharacteristicsvaryfromonemodetoanotheranddeterminetheirratestructures.3.费率主要由三方面决定-----运输距离﹑船运货物的大小以及市场竞争。(bebasedon)Ratesarebasedprimarilyonthreefactors----distance,shipmentsizeandcompetition.4.成本分配是影响定价的诸多因素之一。(affect)Costallocationisoneofthemanyfactorsthataffectpricing.5.虽然这个主要是承运人应当注意的事情﹐但托运人的看法也很重要。(payattentionto)Theshipper’sperspectiveaboutitisimportant,thoughitischieflysomethingthatthecarriersshouldpayattentionto.6.除例外的情况﹐运输费率至少必须弥补变动成本。(atleast)Asidefromexceptionalcircumstances,transportratesmustatleastcovervariablecosts.7.国际运输系统的用户面对越来越厚的文书﹐不同的承运责任﹐不一样的海关手续和外贸区的适用规则感到手足无措。(beoverwhelmed)Theuseroftheinternationaltransportationsystemmayfeeloverwhelmedbytheincreaseddocumentation,bydifferencesincarrierliability,byvariouscustomsproceduresandtheuseofforeigntradezones.8.我们得把大宗货物分成小批量。(divide)Wehavetodividelargeshipmentsintosmallones.UNIT4LOGISTICSSTRATEGYⅦ.Multiplechoices.1.Inventoriesarestockpilesofrawmaterials,supplies,components,workinprocessand______goodsthatappearatnumerouspointsthroughoutafirm’sproductionandlogisticschannel.A.finishB.finishedC.finishingD.finishes2.Inventoriesarefrequentlyfoundinsuchplaces_______warehouses,yards,shopfloors,transportationequipment,andonretailstoreshelves.A.asB.likeC.whichD.where3._______theseinventoriesonhandcancostbetween20and40percentoftheirvalueperyear.A.HavingB.HaveC.HasD.Had4.Therefore,carefullymanaginginventorylevels_______goodeconomicsense.A.makeB.aremadeC.makesD.aremaking5.Oneoftheseller’sresponsibilitiesunderDAF(DeliveredatFrontier)istobearallthecostsandriskstomakethegoodsavailabletothebuyer_____atanominateddestination.A.inB.atC.ofD.with6.Operatingsystemsusuallycannotbedesignedto_______respondtocustomerrequestsforproductorserviceinaninstantaneousmanner.A.economicB.economicalC.economicallyD.economy7.Holdinginventoriesfosterseconomiesin______andtransportation.A.purchaseB.purchasedC.purchasingD.purchases8.Third,forwardbuyinginvolvesthepurchasingofadditionalquantitiesof______atalowercurrentpriceratherthanathigheranticipatedfutureprices.A.produceB.producingC.productionD.products9.Ifprices_______toriseinthefuture,someinventoryresultingfromforwardbuyingcanbejustified.A.expectB.areexpectedC.areexpectingD.expectation10.Just_____whyafirmmightwantinventoriesatsomelevelintheiroperationsandwhytheywouldalsowanttokeepthemataminimum.A.considerB.consideringC.consideredD.asconsiderationⅧ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Notmanypeoplearedrivingpickupsofthatvintageandwedon’tdeepstocksofanysparkplugsforsucholdcars.没有多少人开那些年出的皮卡了﹐我们没有这种老爷车的火花塞。2.I’msuretheywilltransportitbyairandyoucangetitonthesameday.他们肯定会空运的﹐当天就能收到。3.Thismeansthemoreyouhaveintheformofinventory,themoreyouhavetopaytokeeptheinventory.这意味着以库存的形式储存的越多﹐你为了保持库存所付出的就越多。4.Thelogicbehinditisthatthecashtoreplacecapitalinvestedininventorycanbepurchasedinthemoneymarket.其暗含的逻辑是代替投资在库存上的本金的现金可在货币市场买到。Ⅸ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1.库存被认为是增值的一个手段。(view……as)Inventoryisviewedasplayingaroleinthevalue-addedprocess.2.库存过量不仅增加仓储方面的费用﹐也增加其它方面的费用。(overstock,aspect)Overstockoftheinventorywillincurexpensesnotonlyinwarehousing,butalsoinmanyaspects.3.一方面本金随着批量大小而改变﹔另一方面﹐利息随着投资在运输存货上的本金的多少而增减。(ononehand…;ontheother…)On(the)onehand,capitalcostincreaseswiththelotsize.Ontheotherhand,theinterestaccruesonthecapitalinvestedinthecarryinginventory.4.在对库存做计划方面﹐我们需要考虑三个基本问题。(beconcernedwith)Ininventoryplanning,weshouldbeabletoanswerthreebasicquestions.5.保险费一般根据预计风险或风险次数直接征收。(bebasedon)Insurancecostisadirectlevynormallybasedonestimatedriskorexposureovertime.UNIT5PACKGINGⅩ.Multiplechoices.1.Industrialpackaginghasasignificant_____onthecostandproductivityoflogistics.A.affectB.impactC.importanceD.function2.Packagingcanbe_______intoindustrialpackagingandconsumerpackaging.A.splitB.separatedC.dividedD.contained3.First,itshouldprotectthegoods______damageduringhandling,storingandtransportation.A.forB.atC.fromD.about4.Theeasieritistohandleaproduct,the_______thetransportationratewillbe.A.lowestB.lowerC.lowlyD.low5.Greedymanufacturesavoid______theirsharetowardcleaninguptheenvironment.A.todoB.doingC.doesD.did6.Ourmanagersuggeststhatwe______loadthegoodsassoonaspossible.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.would7.Agrowingnumberofcustomersrequirethatproduct_____trackedasitmovesthroughthesupplychain.A.beingB.tobeC.havebeenD.be8.Hecannotbereallyhappyifheisforcedbyhisbosstodowhathedoesnotenjoy_______.A.todoB.doingC.doneD.todoing9.Hespendsmostofhissparetime_______logistics.A.tostudyB.onstudyC.instudyingD.studying10.TheadvantageofThirdPartyLogisticsisconsidered_______ofmoneysaved.A.intermsofB.ontermsofC.withtermsofD.attermsofⅪ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Thepackagingisstrongenoughtostandroughhandling.这种包装很坚固﹐足以承受粗放的装卸。2.Owingtoimproperpackaging,thegoodsareterriblydamaged.由于不适当的包装﹐货物严重受损。3.Wehopethepackagingwillbeofabrightercolor.我们希望包装的颜色再鲜艳一点儿。4.Wehaveespeciallyreinforcedourpackaginginordertominimizetheextentofanypossibledamagetothegoods.为使货物可能遭到的损害减到最小﹐我们已对包装进行了特别加固。5.Youshallbeheldliableforanylossresultingfromimproperpackaging.因包装不善而造成的损失应由你方负责。Ⅻ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1.你们能否改进一下包装﹖Couldyouimprovethepackaging?2.你一定发现我们产品的包装美观讲究。Youwillsurelyfindourproducts’packagingbeautifulandwell-done.3.一种商品不但要质量好﹐而且包装要有吸引力。Aproductshouldbenotonlyfineinquality,butalsoattractiveinpackaging.4.我很想听听你们就包装问题发表的意见。I’dliketohearwhatyousayconcerningthematterofpackaging.5.包装的关键在于防水。Thecruxofpackingliesinprotectingthegoodsfromwater.6.我们的容器都是可回收利用的。Ourcontainersarerecyclable.UNIT6PURCHASINGⅣ.TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoEnglish.1.采购经理purchasingmanager2.购买原材料buyrawmaterials3.外部供货商outsidesuppliers4.供应链管理supplychainmanagement5.成本结构coststructure6.购买的货物和服务purchasedgoodsandservices7.战略性作用strategicrole8.生产过程manufacturingprocess9.谈判技巧negotiatingskills10.生产设备productionequipment11.成本优势costadvantages12.组成部件componentparts13.符合质量标准meetqualitystandards14.采取必要的步骤takenecessarysteps

15.成品finishedgoods16.投资式采购speculativepurchasingⅤ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.However,theemergenceofthesupplychainmanagementconcepthasenlightenedmanymanagersaboutthestrategicroleplayedbypurchasing.然而﹐供应链管理概念的出现使许多管理人员从采购所起到的战略性作用中受到启发。2.Purchasedgoodsandservicesareoneofthelargestelementsofcostsformanyfirms.许多公司的购买货品和服务是成本的最大几个部分之一。3.Stockoutsofrawmaterialsorcomponentpartscanshutdownaproductionplant.原材料告罄或零部件告急都会导致一个生产厂家关门待产。4.Withouteffectivepurchasingpractices,operationsinafirmmaybedisrupted,customerservicelevelsmayfall,andlong-termcustomerrelationshipmaybedamaged.缺乏富有成效的采购﹐公司的动作就会隐入混乱﹐客户服务水平也会下降﹐长期的客户关系就会受损。5.Excessiveinventorywillultimatelyresultinhigherthannecessarytotallogisticscost.过多的存货量将最终导致物流总成本超支。Ⅹ.Multiplechoices.1.Purchasingcontributes______thefirm’sefficiencyandeffectivenessinmanyways.A.forB.toC.fromD.on2.IntheaveragemanufacturingfirminNorthAmerica,purchasedgoodsandservicesaccount____approximately55centsofeverysalesdollar.A.toB.fromC.forD.in3.Awarehousemanagerwillhavetominimizetime______onrespondingtodemandanderrorsindispatches.A.spendingB.tospendC.spentD.spend4.Youshouldkeepher______ofwhatisgoingonhere.A.informingB.informedC.toinformD.inform5.Healwayswantseverything_______inahurry.A.doneB.doingC.todoD.do6.Asalestaxisapercentage__________toanyitem________bycustomers.A.charging,buyB.charged,boughtC.charged,buyingD.charge,bought7.Theywatchedthesatellites_______slowlyinthesky.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.move8.Thequalityoffinishedgoodsandservicesisobviously________uponthequalityofthematerialsandpartsusedinproducingthoseitems.A.dependB.dependlyC.dependentD.depended9.YourexplanationonEOQis________,andfewofuscanfollowyou.A.unattractiveB.clearC.prospectiveD.vague10.Hisrequestforpromotiontothepositionofawarehousemanagerwas_______.A.turnedawayB.turneddownC.turnedoverD.turnedoutUNIT7INFORMATIONⅦ.Multiplechoices.1.Inthisworld,_______isveryimportanttothemodernpeople.A.informationB.nationsC.facilityD.upstream2.Ifyoupassedthe_______test,youwillgotocollege.A.customerB.producingC.supplyD.crucial3.Amanagermustknowthe______informationandthedownstreaminformation.A.marginB.chipC.upstreamD.revenue4.Ifyoudon’thavetherawmaterial,youwon’tmakea________.A.workB.productC.marginD.revenue5.Thereisasetof______inthisroom.A.captureB.PentiumC.facilityD.downstream6.Canyoucheckthe______formeagain,Iwanttoknowthedetailsoftomorrow’smeeting,thanks!A.scheduleB.roomC.barD.bike7.Ifyoudon’tknowanythingabouttheeconomic________,youwon’tbeawiseinvestor.A.scheduleB.cycleC.scannerD.laser8.Pleasefinish_______theseproductsbeforetomorrow.A.labelingB.erasingC.leavingD.looking9.Thenew_______worksverywell.A.scannerB.finishC.barD.mouth10.Ididn’treceiveany________aboutthechangeoftheplace.A.testB.laserC.notificationD.labelⅧ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.在我们公司信息至关重要。Inourcompany,informationisofcriticalimportance.2.我们公司有一个十分完善的客户服务信息系统。Ourcompanyhasaperfectcustomerserviceinformationsystem.3.通过在集装箱上油漆条形码和在各集装箱码头安装激光扫描仪﹐我们现在能够对集装箱进行实时的跟踪。Wecannowperformrealtimetrackingofcontainerswithbarcodespaintedonthemandlaserscannersinstalledincontainerterminals.4.一个信息系统通常包括硬件和软件。Aninformationsystemgenerallyconsistsofhardwareandsoftware.Ⅸ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Supplychaininformationsystemsarethethreadthatlinkslogisticsactivitiesintoanintegratedprocess.供应链信息系统(SCIS)是将物流活动连接成一个综合过程的线条。2.Themajorobjectiveforlogisticsorganizationistoachievecoordinationamonglogisticsactivitiesfortheirplanningandcontrol.物流组织的主要目标是在物流各个活动之间取得协调以便计划和控制。3.Sometimestheinventorymanagerincreaseshislevelsofinventorytomeettherequirementofalessexpensivebutslowermeansoftransport.有时候﹐库存经理增加库存量以达到价格低廉但速度较慢的运输方式的要求。4.Informationflowwasoftenoverlookedbecauseitwasnotviewedasbeingcriticalbycustomers.信息流经常被忽视﹐因为客户认为信息流不是关键。5.Thespeedofinformationexchange/transferwaslimitedtothespeedofpaperatthattime.当时﹐信息交换/转移的速度受制于纸张的速度。UNIT8SUPPLYCHAINⅩ.Multiplechoices.1.Everybodymust______himselftocompeteinthisworld.A.takeB.strengthenC.careD.invent2.Itisasmalland______countryinAsia.A.outB.handsomeC.inlandD.few3.Infact,theconnectioninthisunitisvery______.A.cloudyB.largeC.intricateD.inert4.Allyouhaddoneis______theessencefromthefish.A.extractingB.makingC.lookingD.stopping5.Therearefewpeoplewhoare______inordinarywork.A.beautifulB.tallC.ambitiousD.short6.He_______inphysicsthemheteachesitincollege.A.StudiedB.learnedC.specializedD.read7.Ifyourefusetodevelopyourself,otherswill______you.A.performB.outC.winD.outperform8.Theplanisabortedbythe______stuff.A.goodB.wentwellC.readD.inefficient9.Hetakescareofthecompany,______therelationbetweeneveryunit.A.makingB.orchestratingC.orchestrateD.orchestrated10.Thetruckisatthe______gate.A.wareB.hardwareC.warehouseD.museumⅪ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Supplychainmanagementmeansthedesign,planningandcontroloftheinformationflow,movementsofgoodsandmoneywithaviewtostrengtheningcompetitiveness.供应链管理指为了增强竞争而对信息流通﹑货物移动和货币的流通进行设计﹑策划和控制。2.Theideaofsupplychainmanagementwasfirstputforwardinthe1980sonthebasisofexperiencesandlessonsfromthepastpractice.供应链管理的概念最早出现在20世纪80年代﹐是在总结过去实践活动的经验和教训的基础之上提出的。3.Toachievethisgoal,hesetouttodeveloptheworld’sfirstcomplexverticallyintegratedfirm.为了实现这个目标﹐他开始着手发展世界上首家机构复杂﹐垂直一体化的综合性公司。4.Astimepassed,Forddiscoveredthatspecializedfirmscouldperformmostessentialworkaswellasorbetterthanthisownbureaucracy.随着时间的推移﹐福特发现专业公司在开展大部分的必要工作时做得和自己的企业一样好﹐或者更出色。5.Ford’spurposewastocutcostsfromtheglobalsupplierbase,whileexpandingitsroleasaconsumerorganization.福特的目的是降低其在全球供应基地的成本﹐同时扩大其作为消费者组织的角色。Ⅻ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.当前的形式势复杂﹐越来越需要专门的技朮和人才。Thecurrentsituationisquiteintricate,specializedtechnologyandhumanresourceareneeded.2.提升企业的竞争力﹐就要不断吸收好的技朮。Toraisethecompetitivenessofacompany,itisnecessarytointroduceadvancedtechnology.3.仓库门口有一辆卡车。你去那里看看在卸什么货。Atruckisatthewarehousegate.Goandfindwhatwillbedischarged.4.20世纪后期﹐福特汽车公司开始依赖专业