山东省德州市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（含答案解析）

第1页/共1页高一英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号框。3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatistherelationshipbetweenJimandBob?A.Twins.B.Workmates.C.Neighbors.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Howtodosometutoring.B.Howtopayforschoolfees.C.Howtoapplyforanewjob.3.Whendoesthe“FamilyWelcome”eventstart?A.At5:00.B.At10:00.C.At10:30.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inahospital.B.Inthelibrary.C.Attheman'shome.5.WhatcanweknowaboutShelly?A.Sheenviestheman.B.Sheisgettingsick.C.Shehateseatingout.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whichturnshouldthemantake?A.Thefirstontheleft.B.Thefirstontheright.C.Thesecondontheleft.7.Howwillthemangettothecinema?A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bybike.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatisthemanmostprobably?A.Ateacher.B.Astudent.C.Asinger.9.Whatdoesthemanworryabout?A.Hehastomeetnewpeople.B.Herarelygivesperformances.C.Hecan'tplaytheguitarwell.10.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Jointheband.B.Attendaparty.C.Practicesinging.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howlongdidthewomanspendonvacation?A.Threedays.B.Oneweek.C.Threeweeks.12.Whichisthewoman'slaststopforhervacation?A.Tokyo.B.Perth.C.Singapore.13.Whatisthewomanprobablygoingtotalkaboutnext?A.Hernewfriend.B.Atourplan.C.Australiantourists.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatdidthemandoin1959?A.Leftschool.B.Wroteanovel.C.MovedtoIndonesia.l5.Whendidthemanstarttomakedocumentaries（纪录片）？A.In1960.B.In1973.C.In1978.16.Whichistheman'ssecondnovel?A.RagDoll.B.TheColdEarth.C.EasternMoon.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatshouldlistenersdoontheexamdays?A.Deliveralecture.B.Takemake-upexams.C.Cometoclassontime.18.Howmanyweeksdoesatermhave?A.15.B.16.C.20.l9.Whatareequallyimportantinthegradingprocedure(程序)？A.Examsandquizzes.B.Examsandhomework.C.Quizzesandhomework.20.Whatmaystudentsdointhelaboratorysessions?A.Testthemselves.B.Discusswiththeteacher.C.Doplentyofreadings.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AParishasafantasticcollectionofcafes,whetheryouneedacozyspotoracupofcoffee.HerearesomeofthebestplacesIdiscoveredwhenIwassenttothebranchinParistocoveranevent.GroundstateCafeSittingintheheartofthecity,GroundstateCafeisalwaysrecommendedbynewsreporters.Youcaneasilyenjoyacarefreedaywithabookandacupofcoffee.Groundstateisapopularspotforartistsbecauseoftheancientpaintingscollectedbytheshopowner.Thewaitersarealwaysreadytohelpyou.LeProcopeLocatedonadowntownstreet,LeProcopeisfamousforitsenthusiasticserviceanddelicioussnacks.Officeworkersalwayschatwiththeirfriendsandhavefunwiththeircolleagues.Youcanenjoythefreshairandsunshinebecausetheyonlyhaveseatsoutdoors.Asaresult,theowneronlyrunstheshopduringthewarmseasons.CoutumeCaféSituatedinthecitycentre,CoutumeCafeispopularamongbusinessmentomeettheirclients.Thecafepromotesalifeofluxurywithfantasticdecorationandcomfortablechairs.Waiterswhoarehighlyeducatedandelegantcanhelpvisitorschoosetherighttypeofcoffee.MotorsThisrecently-openedcoffeeshopislocatedinthecountryside.Theyselldeliciouslocaldesserts.Thewaitressestherearehelpfulandfriendly.Someofthemarecollegestudentswhotakepart-timejobsduringweekends.Itisalsoaperfectshoppingmarketforpeopletobuysomecoffeeproductsandtastesomelocaldelicacies.IamsurethatIwillbringsomeproductstomycolleagueswhenIreturn.1.Whichplaceappealstoartlovers?A.GroundstateCafé. B.LeProcope.C.CoutumeCafé. D.Motors.2.WhatdoLeProcopeandMotorshaveincommon?A.Theyhavealonghistory. B.Theyarelocateddowntown.C.Theybothoffernicesnacks. D.Theyareopenallyearround.3.Whatdoesthewriterprobablydo?A.Afamouscook. B.AFrenchartist.C.Anewsreporter. D.AwaitressinCafe.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在巴黎很棒的几所咖啡店。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Groundstateisapopularspotforartistsbecauseoftheancientpaintingscollectedbytheshopowner.”（Groundstate是艺术家们的热门景点，因为店主收藏了古画。）可知，吸引艺术爱好者的地方是GroundstateCafe。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Locatedonadowntownstreet,LeProcopeisfamousforitsenthusiasticserviceanddelicioussnacks.”（LeProcope位于市中心的一条街道上，以其热情的服务和美味的小吃而闻名。）以及第五段“Itisalsoaperfectshoppingmarketforpeopletobuysomecoffeeproductsandtastesomelocaldelicacies.”（这里也是一个完美的购物市场，人们可以购买一些咖啡产品并且品尝一些当地美食。）可知，LeProcope和Motors的共同点是它们都会提供一些当地的小吃。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“HerearesomeofthebestplacesIdiscoveredwhenIwassenttothebranchinParistocoveranevent.”（以下是我被派往巴黎分行报道一场活动时发现的一些最好的地方。）可知，作者需要去报道一场活动，推断出他是一名新闻记者。故选C项。BOnOct.24,2018photo,amaleredsiskinbirdisrestingonabranchinVargas,Venezuela.Thebirdiscalled“LittleCardinal”bythelocalsandappearsonthemoneyofVenezuela,onproductsandeveninschoolbooks.Butrecently,thesmallsongbirdsaredisappearingfromthewild.Onceflourishinginthemillions,asfewas300remaininthewildinVenezuela.Themalesiskinisvaluedforitsredfeathersandblackhead.Hunters,eventhelocalfarmers,oftencatchandsellthebirdsformoney.ProtectionunderVenezuelanlawhasnotstoppedhuntersfromcatchingthebirdstosellonanillegalinternationalmarket.Meanwhile,moreandmoreforestsarebeingcutdowntoplantcashcrops.Thatthreathasbroughtattentionfromaninternationalteam.TheteamincludesscientistsfromtheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashingtonD.C.andcoffeefarmersinVenezuela'smountains.Theyhopetosavethebirdwiththehelpofthefarmers.Aneffectiveplanhasbeenmadetohavefarmersplantorganiccoffeeplants.Suchcoffeeplantsarecoveredwithbrancheswhichmakegoodnestingplacesforthebirds.Plantingorganiccoffeecropswithbranchesstopsfarmersfromincreasingproductionbythinningtheircoffeecropstoletmoresunontotheirfields.Farmerswhomeettheproject’sruleswillwintherighttoselltheirbeanswith“BirdFriendly”labels.Theywillbeabletosetpricesforsuch“highquality”productsthatcanbefivetimeshigherthanlegalpricessetbythegovernment.Atthesametime,aredsiskinbreedingcenterisbeingbuiltataprivatezooinVenezuelawhere200birdsareexpectedtobebornnextyear.Thisnumberwillbeaddedtothe25siskinsattheSmithsonianInstitution.Redsiskinsfromthecenterwillbeplacedinthecoffeeforests.Theseeffortscouldpreventthebirdsfromdisappearing.Therearereportsofearlysuccess.About40farmersinthemountainsofCarayaca,northwestofthecapitalCaracas,havestoppedcuttingdowntrees,amovethatwillhelpthesiskintogetawayfromthedangeroussituation.4.Whatdoweknowaboutthesiskinfromparagraph1?A.Itsbenefitsforlocaleducation. B.Itswidepopularityinthepast.C.Itsbeautifulgestureonbranches. D.Itsgreatvaluefortheenvironment.5.Whatcausedthedeclineinthebird’snumber?A.Lackoflawsfromthegovernment. B.Illegaltradeformakinghighprofits.C.Beinghuntedforthedeliciousmeat. D.Plantingcashcropsforenoughfood.6.Whydoestheteamhavefarmersplantorganiccoffeeplants?A.Toletmoresunontothefarmers’fields. B.Toimprovethequalityofthecashcrops.C.Toofferbranchestothebreedingcenter. D.Tocreateenoughnestingplacesforthebird.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thevalueoftheendangeredredsiskin. B.Thereasonsfortheredsiskin'sdisappearing.C.Theprofitsthefarmersgetfromcoffeeplants. D.Theeffortstheteammadetosavetheredsiskin.【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了委内瑞拉一种叫做松黄雀的鸟濒临灭绝，科学家团队联合当地农民采取一系列措施保护这种濒危的鸟类。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thebirdiscalled“LittleCardinal”bythelocalsandappearsonthemoneyofVenezuela,onproductsandeveninschoolbooks.”（这种鸟被当地人称为“小红衣主教”，出现在委内瑞拉的钞票上、产品上，甚至出现在学校的课本上。）可知，这种鸟的形象曾出现在委内瑞拉人的日常生活中，推断出松黄雀在过去很受欢迎。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Themalesiskinisvaluedforitsredfeathersandblackhead.Hunters,eventhelocalfarmers,oftencatchandsellthebirdsformoney.ProtectionunderVenezuelanlawhasnotstoppedhuntersfromcatchingthebirdstosellonanillegalinternationalmarket.”（雄性松黄雀因其红色的羽毛和黑色的头部而受到重视。猎人，甚至是当地的农民，经常捕捉并出售这些鸟来赚钱。委内瑞拉法律的保护并没有阻止猎人捕捉这些鸟在非法国际市场上出售。）可知，松黄雀数量的下降是因为猎人们为了高额利益而进行的非法交易。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Aneffectiveplanhasbeenmadetohavefarmersplantorganiccoffeeplants.Suchcoffeeplantsarecoveredwithbrancheswhichmakegoodnestingplacesforthebirds.”（已经制定了一项让农民种植有机咖啡的有效计划。这种咖啡植物上长满了树枝，这是鸟类很好的筑巢地。）可知，团队让农民种植有机咖啡植物是为鸟创造足够的筑巢场所。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Aneffectiveplanhasbeenmadetohavefarmersplantorganiccoffeeplants.”（已经制定了一项让农民种植有机咖啡的有效计划。）及第五段“Atthesametime,aredsiskinbreedingcenterisbeingbuiltataprivatezooinVenezuelawhere200birdsareexpectedtobebornnextyear.Thisnumberwillbeaddedtothe25siskinsattheSmithsonianInstitution.Redsiskinsfromthecenterwillbeplacedinthecoffeeforests.Theseeffortscouldpreventthebirdsfromdisappearing.”（与此同时，委内瑞拉一家私人动物园正在建造一个松黄雀繁殖中心，预计明年将有200只鸟在那里出生。这个数字将被添加到史密森学会的25个松黄雀中。来自中心的松黄雀将被放置在咖啡林中。这些努力可以防止这些鸟消失。）可知，这些都是团队为拯救松黄雀所做的努力。故选D项。CIsitlikelythatapersonwhooriginallyhasnolanguageabilityischeerfullydiscussingtheWorldCupwithyou?Theanswerisyes.InapaperpublishedinNatureCommunicationsonNovember8,2022,researchershavesuccessfullychangedthebrainwavesofanaphasic(失语症)paralyzedpersonintosentences,whicharedisplayedonthecomputerscreenandcan“say”thousandsofwords,asisintended.Thisparticipantis30yearsold.Adecadeagohewasaphasicduetostroke,hisarmsandlegsunabletomove.Hedependedonapolepinnedonthebaseballcaptoclickthelettersonthescreentocommunicatewithpeople.It'squiteinconvenient.LastyearresearchersfromtheUniversityofCaliforniausedthelatesttechnologytoimplant(植入)adeviceintothespeechmotorareaofhisbrainandconnectitwithaneural(神经的)instrumenttomonitorbrainwavepatternswhenheexpresseddifferentwords.Theyusedcomputerprogramstobuildalanguagemodelwithavocabularyof50wordsforhim.Whenheusedthesewordsto“speak”inhismind,hisbrainwavemovementwasturnedintocompletesentencesandshownonthescreen.Formonthstheteamrecordedhisneuralactivitywhenhe“spoke”,usedAItoidentifyvariouspatternsandlinkedthemtothewords.Oncearesearcheraskedonthescreen,“Doyouwantsomewater?”Andheanswered,“No.I'mnotthirsty.”“Thespellingspeedofthedevicereaches29.4charactersperminute.Thecharactererrorrateisonly6.13%.Theofflinetestresultsshowitcanbeexpandedtoalargevocabularycontaining9000words,maintainingalowcharactererrorrate-8.23%,”saidSeanMetzger,theleadauthorofthepaper.“Aphasicpeopleliketousethisdeviceasitmakescommunicationconvenient.Anythingispossible.”Moreaphasicpeopleareneededtoparticipateinthetest,whichisstillalongwayfrompromotion.Expertswarnalthoughthestudyresultsareimpressive,electrodeimplantationisrisky.8.Whatisthepurposeoftheresearch?A.Toassistaphasicpatientstotalk. B.Tobetterpeople'scommunication.C.Tocurethoseincapableofspeaking. D.Toimprovepatients'languageskills.9.Whatdoesparagraph4focuson?A.Thepracticalapplicationofthefindings. B.Adisadvantageofthelanguagemodel.CTheworkingprocessoftheimplanteddevice. D.Asupportingevidencefortheresearchresults.10.WhatcanbeinferredfromSeanMetzger'swords?A.ThedevicemayhaveapromisingfutureB.Thedevicecandoanythingforaphasicgroup.C.Furtherresearchwillcentreonavoidingerrors.D.Furtherresearchwillfacemanynewchallenges.11.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetothedevice?A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Indifferent. D.Objective.【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究，研究人员成功地将失语症瘫痪者的脑电波转换成句子，这些句子显示在电脑屏幕上，可以像预期的那样“说出”数千个单词。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二自然段“InapaperpublishedinNatureCommunicationsonNovember8,2022,researchershavesuccessfullychangedthebrainwavesofanaphasic(失语症)paralyzedpersonintosentences,whicharedisplayedonthecomputerscreenandcan“say”thousandsofwords,asisintended.(在2022年11月8日发表在《自然通讯》上的一篇论文中，研究人员成功地将失语症瘫痪者的脑电波转换成句子，这些句子显示在电脑屏幕上，可以像预期的那样“说出”数千个单词。)”可知，该研究的目的是帮助失语症患者说话。故选A。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四自然段“LastyearresearchersfromtheUniversityofCaliforniausedthelatesttechnologytoimplant(植入)adeviceintothespeechmotorareaofhisbrainandconnectitwithaneural(神经的)instrumenttomonitorbrainwavepatternswhenheexpresseddifferentwords.Theyusedcomputerprogramstobuildalanguagemodelwithavocabularyof50wordsforhim.Whenheusedthesewordsto“speak”inhismind,hisbrainwavemovementwasturnedintocompletesentencesandshownonthescreen.Formonthstheteamrecordedhisneuralactivitywhenhe“spoke”,usedAItoidentifyvariouspatternsandlinkedthemtothewords.(去年，加州大学的研究人员使用最新技术将一种设备植入他的大脑言语运动区域，并将其与神经仪器连接，以监测他表达不同单词时的脑电波模式。他们使用计算机程序为他建立了一个词汇为50个单词的语言模型。当他用这些词在脑海中“说话”时，他的脑电波运动被转化为完整的句子并显示在屏幕上。几个月来，该团队记录了他“说话”时的神经活动，使用人工智能识别各种模式，并将其与单词联系起来。)”可知，第4段重点介绍了植入装置的工作过程。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Aphasicpeopleliketousethisdeviceasitmakescommunicationconvenient.Anythingispossible.(失语症患者喜欢使用这种设备，因为它可以方便沟通。任何事情都有可能。)”可知，从SeanMetzger的话中可以推断出，该设备可能有一个充满希望的未来。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Moreaphasicpeopleareneededtoparticipateinthetest,whichisstillalongwayfrompromotion.Expertswarnalthoughthestudyresultsareimpressive,electrodeimplantationisrisky.(需要更多的失语症患者参加测试，这离推广还有很长的路要走。专家警告说，尽管研究结果令人印象深刻，但电极植入是有风险的。)”可知，作者对该设备的态度是客观的。故选D。DThere’sbadnewsforparentswhofrequentlyleavetheirkidsinfrontoftheTV:Itmightactuallyendupleavingmomsanddadsmorestressed.ThefindingscomefromaUniversityofArizona-ledstudywhichexploresthepotentialeffectsofchildren’stelevisionwatchinghabitsontheirparents’stresslevels.Thelogicbehindthisisclear.Themoretelevisionkidswatch,themorethey’reexposed(接触)toadvertising,whichoftenfeaturesbrightcolors,upbeatmusicandflashycharactersandcanbeespeciallypersuasive,since,developmentally,childrenaren’tfullycapableofunderstandingadvertising’sintention.“Themoreadvertisementstheysee,themorelikelytheyaretoinsistonpurchasingitemswhengoingwiththeirparentsandperhapsmakeafussiftold‘no’.Allthatmayincreaseparents’overallstresswellbeyondasingleshoppingtrip,”saidleadstudyauthorMatthewLapierre.Thereareafewthingsparentscando,perhapsthemostobviousofwhichislimitingscreentime.“Commercialcontentisthereforareason:toelicitpurchasingbehavior.So,ifthisisaproblem,maybeshutofftheTV,”Lapierresaid.Ofcourse,thatcanbeeasiersaidthandone,headmitted.Anotherthingparentscantry,especiallyasadvertisingtargetingchildrenrocketsaroundtheholidays:Considerhowtheytalktotheirkidsaboutconsumerism.Atthistime,effectiveparent-childconsumer-relatedcommunicationcanworkwell.Overall,communicationbetweenparentsandchildrenisabetterstrategyforreducingstressinparents.However,theresearchfound,thiscommunicativestrategyshowsdroppingreturnswhenchildrenaskformoreproductsorhavemoreconsumerconflictwithparents.Withtheriseofstreamingservices,however,manyviewersarenolongerbeingexposedtothetraditionaladvertisingofnetworkorcableTV.Advertisersarefindingcreativewaysaroundthat,forexample,throughproductplacementandintegrated(综合的)brandinginashow,Lapierresaid.Andadvertisingtowardchildrenremainsamultibillion-dollarindustry.“Ingeneral,moretelevisionexposuremeansmoreexposuretoadvertisements.EvenifI’mstreaming,I’mlikelyseeingmoreintegratedbranding,”Lapierresaid,“suchhiddenadvertisingishardertodetectandhasagreaterinfluenceonchildren’sconsuminghabits,leavingparentsmorestressed.12.WhatdoesMatthewLapierreattempttoexploreinthestudy?A.TheinfluencethebadnewsonTVhasonparents.B.Children'sabilitytounderstandTVcommercials.C.Thestressthekids’watchingTVbringstoparents.D.StrategiestostopkidswatchingTVadvertisements.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elicit”meaninparagraph3?A.Cause. B.Challenge. C.Practise. D.Guarantee.14.HowdoesLapierreconsidertheplacementadvertisinginstreamingservices?A.AsimpleandbettermeansofadvertisingaproductB.AhiddenwaytopromoteproductsorbrandstokidsC.Aneasywaytoavoidconflictsbetweenkidsandparents.D.AneffectiveapproachtokeepingkidsfromTVcommercials.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.PeopleshouldkeepofftheinfluenceofTVadsB.AdvertisersmakecommercialcontentsappealingC.TVcommercialscaneducatethekidsunknowinglyD.Kids’exposuretoTVmakesparentsmorestressed【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，对于那些经常把孩子放在电视机前的父母来说，这实际上可能会让父母压力更大。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““Themoreadvertisementstheysee,themorelikelytheyaretoinsistonpurchasingitemswhengoingwiththeirparentsandperhapsmakeafussiftold‘no’.Allthatmayincreaseparents'overallstresswellbeyondasingleshoppingtrip.”saidleadstudyauthorMatthewLapierre.(该研究的主要作者MatthewLapierre说：“他们看到的广告越多，就越有可能在和父母一起购物时坚持购买物品，如果被告知‘不’，他们可能会大惊小怪。所有这些都可能会增加父母的整体压力，远远超过一次购物之旅。”)”可知，MatthewLapierre在研究中试图探索孩子们看电视给父母带来的压力。故选C。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句““Commercialcontentisthereforareason:toelicitpurchasingbehavior.(商业内容的存在是有原因的：elicit购买行为。)”并结合常识可知，商业内容会引发购买行为。故elicit意为“引发；引起”。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据到数第二段“Advertisersarefindingcreativewaysaroundthat,forexample,throughproductplacementandintegrated(综合的)brandinginashow,Lapierresaid.Andadvertisingtowardchildrenremainsamultibillion-dollarindustry.(Lapierre说，广告商正在寻找创造性的方法来解决这一问题，例如在节目中植入产品和整合品牌。面向儿童的广告仍然是一个价值数十亿美元的行业)”推知，Lapierre认为流媒体服务中投放广告是一种向儿童推销产品或品牌的隐蔽方式。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“There'sbadnewsforparentswhofrequentlyleavetheirkidsinfrontoftheTV:Itmightactuallyendupleavingmomsanddadsmorestressed.(对于那些经常把孩子放在电视机前的父母来说，有一个坏消息：这实际上可能会让父母压力更大)”可知，本文主要介绍一项研究结果——孩子接触电视会让父母压力更大。D项“Kids’exposuretoTVmakesparentsmorestressed(孩子接触电视会让父母压力更大)”最能概括本文主旨。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。BreadBakinginAncientEgyptDidyouknowthatbreadisoneoftheearliesthumaninventions?____16____Otheringredients(原料)andshapescanvary.Scientistshavelearnedthathumanshavebeeneatingbreadinsomeformoranotherfor30,000years.Archaeologists(考古学家)havediscoveredpicturesofbakeriesandloavesofbreadinancientEgyptianarchaeologicalsites.____17____Home-bakers,usuallywomen,bakedonlythebreadtheywouldneedforthatday.Infact,becausetheyhadnopotatoesorrice,breadwasthemostimportantintheancientEgyptian’diet.Egyptiansusedagrainmuchsimilartowheatfortheirbread.Thegrainwasbrokenbyhandintoflouronstone.Theflourwasmixedwithwaterandsalt.____18____ThisEgyptianbreadwasaflatbread.IndiannaanandMiddleEasternpitaaretwoexamplesofflatbreadeatentoday.AttheendoftheancientEgyptianperiod,however,around300BC,Egyptianbakersaddedtotheirbreadanimportantingredient:yeast(酵母).____19____Mostbreadstodayaremadeusingthosefourbasicingredients:flour,yeast,salt,andwater.However,breadproductiontodayismorecomplicated.Yes,youcanstillbakeyourownbreadathomewithstore-boughtflourandyeast.____20____Butthebreadyouseeingrocerystoresismadeinlargefactorieswhichbakemanydifferentbreads.A.Itmakesbreadrise.B.NotalltheAncientEgyptiansatebread.C.Breadisafoodmadeofflourandwater.D.Itwasplacedinapotandbakedinaclayoven.E.Youcanalsobuybreadmadeatsmallbakeries.F.Breadbakeriesandhome-bakersusedthesametechniques.G.AncientEgyptianfarmersdependedmuchonitfortheirgrainharvest.【答案】16.C17.F18.D19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了古埃及人是如何烘焙面包的。【16题详解】根据下文“Otheringredients(原料)andshapescanvary.(其他成分和形状可能有所不同。)”可知，空格处应说明面包的原料。C项“Breadisafoodmadeofflourandwater.(面包是一种由面粉和水制成的食物。)”说明面包的原料是面粉和水，符合语境。故选C项。【17题详解】根据上文Archaeologists(考古学家)havediscoveredpicturesofbakeriesandloavesofbreadinancientEgyptianarchaeologicalsites.(考古学家在古埃及考古遗址发现了面包店和面包的照片)”可知，上文提到了古代面包店以及面包的照片。根据下文“Home-bakers,usuallywomen,bakedonlythebreadtheywouldneedforthatday.(家庭面包师，通常是女性，只烤当天需要的面包。)”可知，下文提到家庭面包师烤面包。所以，空格处应承上启下，将面包店和家庭面包师结合起来。F项“Breadbakeriesandhome-bakersusedthesametechniques.(面包店和家庭面包师使用了相同的技术。)”说明面包店和家庭面包师使用的技术相同，符合语境。故选F项。【18题详解】根据上文“Thegrainwasbrokenbyhandintoflouronstone.Theflourwasmixedwithwaterandsalt.(谷物在石头上用手掰成面粉。面粉与水和盐混合。)”可知，上文讲述古埃及人制作面包的步骤。D项“Itwasplacedinapotandbakedinaclayoven.(把它放在一个锅里，在一个粘土烤箱里烤。)”承接上文，也是制作面包的步骤。故选D项。【19题详解】根据下文“Egyptianbakersaddedtotheirbreadanimportantingredient:yeast(酵母).(埃及面包师在面包中添加了一种重要成分：酵母。)”可知，上文讲到制作面包的成分：酵母。A项“Itmakesbreadrise.(它使面包上升。)”说明使用酵母的好处，符合语境。故选A项。【20题详解】根据上文“Yes,youcanstillbakeyourownbreadathomewithstore-boughtflourandyeast.(是的，你仍然可以在家里用商店里买的面粉和酵母烤自己的面包。)”可知，上文说到你可以在家里自制面包。E项“Youcanalsobuybreadmadeatsmallbakeries.(你也可以在小面包店买面包。)”说到你也可以买面包，与上文是并列关系。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Atthestartofmyseniorhighschoollife,IbegantodreamofenteringColumbiaUniversity.ButwhatIdidn’trealizewashow____21____mydreamwas.Icamefromamiddle-classfamily,anditseemedasthoughwehadalways____22____tomakeendsmeet.Iwasn’tthesmartestpersoninmyclass,notevenclose;butmy____23____wasintherightplace,andIwasdetermined.Iappliedforevery____24____Icouldinmysenioryear.Andthenmyteachertoldmeaboutthefinancialaidsystem.Iapplied,butIdidn’tthinkIwould____25____thateither.Aftertheholidays,myfriendsstarted____26____theiracceptancelettersfromcolleges,andI____27____expectedmine.Finally,aletterarrivedfromColumbiaUniversity.Feelingsoffearandjoy____28____mewhenIopenedtheenvelopewithtremblinghands.Ihaddoneit!Icriedforawhile,feelingbothextremelyexcitedand____29____.Ihadbeendoingafull-timejob,butthatwasn’tenoughto_____30_____tuition(学费),anditwasimpossibleformyparentstopayformyeducation.Monthswentbybeforealetterfromthe_____31_____aidofficecame.Iopeneditanxiously,butitwasonlyaletterrequestingmoreinformationtoprocessmy_____32_____.Thishappenedoverandover,andmy_____33_____keptgettingshotdown.Eventually,anenvelopearrived,theonethatwould_____34_____whetherIcouldattendcollege.Notonlywasfinancialaidgoingtohelpmeoutwithmyexpenses,butalsoI_____35_____twoofthescholarshipsIhadappliedfor!Ihadactuallymademydreamcometrue.21.A.effective B.powerful C.hopeful D.expensive22.A.survived B.struggled C.discovered D.explored23.A.heart B.letter C.memory D.wisdom24.A.job B.position C.volunteer D.scholarship25.A.referto B.adjustto C.qualifyfor D.searchfor26.A.receiving B.printing C.translating D.copying27.A.bitterly B.calmly C.eagerly D.firmly28.A.reminded B.ignored C.left D.struck29.A.afraid B.relaxed C.regretful D.proud30.A.hold B.collect C.cover D.return31.A.mental B.medical C.financial D.physical32.A.imagination B.application C.inspiration D.introduction33.A.offers B.hopes C.notes D.orders34.A.wonder B.describe C.predict D.determine35.A.won B.chose C.united D.missed【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.D25.C26.A27.C28.D29.A30.C31.C32.B33.B34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的家庭很贫困，原本无法支付学费，但作者没有轻言放弃，积极争取奖学金，努力赚取学费，最终成功入学。作者想要通过自己的经历告诉读者一个道理：永不言败。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我没有意识到我的梦想有多昂贵。A.effective有效的；B.powerful强大的；C.hopeful有希望的；D.expensive昂贵的。根据下文“Andthenmyteachertoldmeaboutthefinancialaidsystem.(然后我的老师告诉我关于经济援助制度的情况。)”可知，作者没有钱支付大学学费，所以他没有意识到他的梦想有多昂贵。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我来自一个中产阶级家庭，我们似乎一直在努力维持生计。A.survived幸存；B.struggled努力；奋斗；挣扎；C.discovered发现；D.explored探索。根据下文“Andthenmyteachertoldmeaboutthefinancialaidsystem.(然后我的老师告诉我关于经济援助制度的情况。)”可知，作者家庭贫困，来自一个中产阶级家庭，一直在努力维持生计。struggletomakeendsmeet意为“勉强维持生计”。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我的心是对的，我下定了决心。A.heart心；B.letter信；C.memory记忆；D.wisdom智慧。根据下文“andIwasdetermined”可知，作者的心是对的，态度很坚决。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大四的时候，我申请了所有我能申请的奖学金。A.job工作；B.position职位；C.volunteer志愿者；D.scholarship奖学金。根据下文“butalsoI____15____twoofthescholarshipsIhadappliedfor”可知，作者在大四的时候，申请了所有能申请的奖学金。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我申请了，但我认为我也没有资格得到。A.referto参考；提及；B.adjustto适应；C.qualifyfor使……有资格；D.searchfor寻找。根据语境可知，作者认为自己没有资格得到经济援助。故选C。26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：假期结束后，我的朋友们开始收到大学的录取通知书，我热切地期待着我的录取通知书。A.receiving收到；B.printing印刷；C.translating翻译；D.copying复制。根据下文“andI____7____expectedmine.Finally,aletterarrivedfromColumbiaUniversity.”可知，作者的朋友们开始收到大学的录取通知书。故选A。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.bitterly痛苦地；B.calmly冷静地；C.eagerly热切地；D.firmly坚定地。根据上文“Iwasdetermined”可知，作者热切地期待着他的录取通知书。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我颤抖着双手打开信封时，我感到恐惧和喜悦。A.reminded提醒；B.ignored忽视；C.left离开；D.struck击打；侵袭。根据句意，此处感到恐惧和喜悦。情感名词+strikesb.意为“……侵袭某人；某人感到……”。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我哭了一会儿，感到既兴奋又担心。A.afraid担心的；B.relaxed放松的；C.regretful遗憾的；D.proud自豪的。根据下文“Ihadbeendoingafull-timejob,butthatwasn’tenoughto____10____tuition”可知，作者感到既兴奋又担心，担心不能支付学费。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直在做全职工作，但这还不足以支付学费，我的父母也不可能支付我的教育费用。A.hold持有；抓住；B.collect收集；C.cover够支付；D.return归还；返回。根据下文“anditwasimpossibleformy