美国教育英文简单介绍

EducationintheUnitedStatesofAmerica美国教育体系

I.

Thegoalofeducation“Giveamanafishandhewilleatforaday.Teachamanhowtofishandhewilleatfortherestofhislife.”---ChineseProverb

Thegoalofeducationistoachieveuniversalliteracyandtoprovideindividualswitheducationalopportunities.

EducationintheUnitedStatesisprovidedmainlybygovernment,withcontrolandfundingcomingfromthreelevels:federal,state,andlocal.Eachof50statesintheUnitedStateshasitsownlawsregulatingeducation.Fromstatetostate,somelawsaresimilar;othersarenot.II.Education–alocalmatterIII.ExpenditureofEducationEducationalfundsarefromseveralsources.Fundsforelementaryandsecondaryschoolscomefrom3sources:about50%fromlocalpropertytaxes,40-50%fromthestates,8%-9%fromthefederalgovernment.LevelsofschoolingHigherEducationSecondaryEducationElementaryEducationElementaryschoolandsecondaryschoolInmostareas,freepublicschooleducationbeginswithkindergartenclassesfor5yearsold.Almostallthe50stateshavelawsthatrequire12yearsofcompulsoryattendanceatschoolforchildren.Insomeschoolsystem,the12gradesaredividedintotwostages,thefirst6gradesforelementaryschoolandthenext6gradesforsecondaryschool.Inotherschoolsystem,therearethreedivisions:elementaryschool(grades1—6),juniorhighschool(7—9),andseniorhighschool(10—12).EducationintheUnitedStatesGradeAgePreschoolKindergarten5-6ElementarySchool1stGrade2ndGrade3rdGrade4thGrade5thGrade6-77-88-912-1310-116thGrade7thGrade8thGrade11-129-1013-14MiddleSchool9thGrade14-1510thGrade11thGrade12thGrade15-1616-1717-18HighSchoolIV.CurriculaforStudents1.ElementarySchoolAlthoughthefederalgovernmenthasnonationalcurriculumforeducation,almosteveryelementaryschoolprovidesinstructioninthesesubjects:languagearts;math;penmanship;science;socialstudies;music;art;andphysicaleducation.PhysicalEducation2.SecondarySchoolSecondaryschoolsofferthesesubjects:English,mathematics,science,socialstudiesandphysicaleducation.Mostschoolsofferforeignlanguages.SpanishisthemostpopularforeignlanguageforAmericans.ClassatmosphereisusuallyrelaxedinAmericanschools.Americaneducatorbelievethatchildrenlearnbetterwhentheyarehappyandinterested,soeveryefforthasbeenmadetoarousetheinterestsoftheindividual.PublicSchoolsPublicschoolsarelocallycontrolled.Firstly,publicschoolsaresupportedbytaxespaidbyallpeoplewhetherornottheyhavechildrenattendingschools.Secondly,theyarefreefromreligiousinfluence.Publicschoolseducateabout88%ofallAmericanchildren.PrivateSchoolsMostprivateschoolsarerelatedtoreligiousgroups.Intheseschools,religiousinstructionispartofthecurriculumToday,about12%ofallAmericanchildrengotoprivateschoolsfortheirelementaryandsecondaryeducation.StandardizedTestsInthelastyearofhighschool,studentswhowanttogoontoreceivehighereducationhavetotakesomekindofstandardizedtests.ThemostpopulartestsareScholasticAssessmentTests(SAT)andtheAmericanCollegeTesting(ACT)SATTheSATisathree-hour,multiple-choiceexammeasuringverbal,math,andreasoningskills.ItisrequiredbymosthighereducationinstitutionsintheUnitedStatesfortheadmissiontoundergraduatedegreeprograms.EntranceRequirementofaUniversityoraCollegeSuccessfulapplicantsatsuchcollegesareusuallychosenonthebasisof:TheirhighschoolacademicperformanceLettersofrecommendationfromtheirhighschoolteachersTheimpressiontheymakeduringtheinterviewsattheuniversityTheirscoresonSATTheComplexSystemofHigherEducationItcomprisesfourcategoriesofinstitutions:TheuniversityThefour-yearundergraduateinstitution—thecollegeThetechnicaltraininginstitutionThetwo-year,orcommunity

collegeTheMilitaryAcademyThe

onlyinstitutionsofhighereducationfundedbythefederalgovernmentarerelatedtotheMilitary.TheyaretheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademy（陆军学校）atWestPoint,NewYork;theUnitedStatesNavalAcademy（海军学校）inAnnapolis,Maryland;andtheUnitedStatesAirForceAcademy（空军军官学校）inColoradoSprings,Colorado.CreditOneofthemeasurementsforanundergraduateinacademicprogressiscreditor“point”.

Typically,anundergraduatestudenthastoearnacertainnumberofcredits(about120)inordertoreceivethebachelor’sdegreeattheendoffouryearsofcollege.Creditsareearnedbyattendinglectures(orlabclasses)andbysuccessfullycompletingassignmentsandexaminations.StudentswhowanttopursuegraduatestudyhavetotaketheGraduateRecordExamination(GRE),

orthe

LawSchoolAdmissionsTest(LSAT)forlawschool,orthe

MedicalCollegeAdmissionsTest(MCAT)ifonewantstogotoamedicalschool.TableofAcademicDegrees18(age)UndergraduatefortheBachelor’sdegree(4years)1(grade)19220321422GraduateSchoolfortheMaster’s(1-2)523624GraduateSchoolfortheDoctorate(2,3ormore)7258PostdoctoralStudyandResearchPublicUniversitiesPublicuniversitiesareoperatedbyastateorlocalgovernmentSomefamouspublicuniversities:UniversityofCaliforniaatBerkleyUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngles(UCLA)UniversityofVirginiaPrivateUniversitiesAbout25percentofhighereducationintheUnitedStatesareprivatelyoperatedbyreligiousorganization.ThemostprestigiousuniversitiesinAmericaaretheolderprivateuniversities,suchasHarvardUniversity(1636),YaleUniversity(1701),Prince