被动语态语法讲解

初三语法精讲系列(二)被动语态动词及时态复习：--HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai,Mary?--Yes.Ithereforthreedayswithmyparentslastmonth.A.havegone B.havebeen C.went D.was--DoyouoftenwatchManandNatureonTV?--Sometimes.It'saninterestingprogram,butISportsNews.A.prefer B.wantC.enjoy D.missIWhatdidJackaskyoujustnow?—HewantedtoknowhowlongwhenIreachedthecinema.A.hadthefilmbeenon B.thefilmhadstartedC.thefilmhadlasted D.hadthefilmendedIPleasethetigers.It'sdangeroustotakephotoswiththem.—Oh,Isee.Thankyou.A.keepoff B.takeoff C.getoff D.turnoffMyfriendLiXiaoknowsmyhometownverywellbecausehetheremanytimeswithme.A.hasbeen B.hasgone C.hadgone D.wentMydaughterhasjust.A.wentoutB.goesoutC.goneoutDgoingoutI’msurewebefore.A.willmeetB.hadmetC.metD.havemetTheyhaveonlyfor5minutes.A.beenleftB.leftC.beenawayD.leaveTheteacher(give)usalessonwhenTom(walk)intotheroomyesterday.Whilewe(have)supper,allthelightswentout.He(read)whileshe(set)thetableatthattime.she(arrive)?Notyet.It‘4smonthssincetheoldman(die).翻译句子：他已经来这里已经两天了。他们从未去过延安。他经常帮助你么？中国曾经是世界上最伟大的国家到去年年底为止，我们又建了三个博物馆。Bytheendoflastyear,.一、英语的两种语态：主动和被动 核心：PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.Englishisspokenbypeopleallovertheworld.主动语态：被动语态：二、被动语态.被动语态的结构： Thousandsofpeoplewerekilledintheearthquake.Englishiswidelyspokenallovertheworld.ThisarticleiswrittenbyMarkTwain..感受被动语态Readthedialogueandfillintheblanks.MrJackson:Hello,Betty.Whatsup?Whatareyoudoinginthelibrary?Betty:Iwaslookingforsomeoldcopiesoftheschoolmagazine.IfI,vegotitright,itwascalledNewStandard.MrJackson:That,sright.AsfarasIremember,itwasstartedbyBeckyWang.Wedonthaveaschoolmagazineanymore.It’sapity.Betty:Well,I’mthinkingaboutstartingitagain.MrJackson:Soundslikeagoodidea!Goon.Betty:IwasalsolookingforsomethingbyConfuciusandbyShakespeare.MrJackson:Really?That,sabitdifficultfortheschoolmagazine.Betty:Well,I,dlikeamonthlyarticlecalled“GreatBooks”一youknow,someonereadsafavoriteworkofliteratureandwritesanarticleaboutit.MrJackson:Isee.Confucius’worksarestillreadbymanypeopletoday,andwe’restillinfluencedbyhisthoughts.AndShakespeare,splaysareseenbymillionsofpeopleeveryyear.ButhowaboutanAmericanwriter,MarkTwain,forexample?Betty:Idon’tknow.MarkTwainwasamimportantwriter,butheisn’tknownasagreatthinkerlikeConfucius.MrJackson:No,buthisbooksarestillpopular.Infact,hewrotemyfavoritebookTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.Perhapsthat'swhatmakes“GreatBooks”一they'restillreadtoday.Betty:Sowhydon,tyouwritethefirstarticleon“GreatBooks”?Completethesentences.NewStandardbyBeckyWang.Confucius7worksbymanypeopletoday.WebyConfucius7thoughts.Shakespeare%playsbymillionsofpeopleeveryyear.MarkTwainasathinkerlikeConfucius..观察下列句子的时态Youweredefeatedlasttime.Iwasn’tchosentoattendthecompetition.We,llbeaskedtoplayintheOlympicGames.Whenwillthematchbeheld?Thebatteryhasn’tbeenchargedforacoupleofmonths.6.Hasitbeenpublishedyet?4.总结被动语态不同的时态:时态动词形式一般现在时Am/is/aregiven一般过去时Was/weregiven一般将来时Shall/willbegiven现在进行时Am/is/arebeinggiven过去进行时Was/werebeinggiven过去将来时Should/wouldbegiven现在完成时Has/havebeengiven过去完成时Hadbeengiven含情态动词的被动语态情态动词begiven.含有情态动词的被动语态：InformationcanbekeptonCD-ROMsnow.Bookscouldonlybeproducedoneatatimebyhand.Mustthehomeworkbefinishedtoday?Childrenandoldpeopleshouldbetakengoodcareof..何时用被动语态1）不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。换个说法，有一件事情不知道是谁干的或者不想说出是谁干的，这时就用被动语态。例如：Theroomiscleanedeveryday.2）要表达“被...、受・・・、遭・・・、让・・.、”之类的语义。如：教师很受尊敬。 Teachersarewellrespected.这孩子很招人喜爱。 Thechildiswelllovedbypeople.3）强调动作接受者。如：他远近闻名。 Heisknownfarandwide..被动语态常用句型Itissaidthat 据说Itisreportedthat 据报道Itishopedthat 希望Itisbelievedthat 人们相信itis（well）knownthat 众所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat 已经决定Itissupposedthat 人们认为Itissuggestedthat 有人建议Itmustberememberedthat 务必记住.关于被动语态的几点说明1）有些动词形式上是主动，意义上是被动。例如：Thelibrarydoesn’topenonSunday.图书馆星期天不开放。Themachinerunswell.这台机器容易操作。Mypenwriteswell.我的钢笔好使。Theclothwasheswell.这料子耐洗。Thedictionarysellswell.这词典销路很好。2）make,see,watch,hear,notice,feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。但在被动语态中，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：Theymadehimgo.他们让他去。Hewasmadetogo.他被要求去了。Iheardhimsaygood-byetohisfriends.我听见他向他的朋友说再见。Hewasheardtosaygood-byetohisfriends.有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。3）除助动词be外，动词get有时也可踉过去分词构成被动语态，是比较口语化的一种被动语态。这种结构中很少用by短语。例如：Igotlostinthehugemarket.在那个巨大的市场中我迷失了方向。Youmightgetkilled/hurt.你会送命/受伤的。IntheendthisstorygottranslatedintoEnglish.这故事最后被译成了英文。Hiscargotdamagedinaroadaccident.他的车在交通事故中被毁了。4）如果主动语态有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）变为被动语态时，可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，另一个不变。但较常见的是将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。Thereportersaskedthepresidentsomequestions.记者们问了总统一些问题。Thepresidentwasaskedsomequestionsbythereporters.（变间接宾语为主语）Somequestionswereaskedthepresidentbythereporters.（变直接宾语为主语）Wehavegivenhimajob.我们已给了他一个工作。Hehasbeengivenajob.（变间接宾语为主语）Ajobhasbeengiven（to）him.（变直接宾语为主语）5）不及物动词不能用于被动语态，因为它们没有宾语。三、Exercise：将下列句子变成被动语态Mysistermadethesoup.Peopleofallagesreadthisbook.Icleantheclassroomeveryday.TheywillshowtheGamesontelevision.变化主要步骤是：把原句的宾语变成主语（代词宾格要变成主格）；把原句的谓语动词变成被动形式（注意：时态不变，新谓语动词与新主语要一致，疑问句要注意助动词的转换。Willtheyputupnewsportsschoolsinthecomingtwoyears?TheteacherwillnotfindTomhere.Hehasboughtacar.Everyonecanunderstandhisideas.Youmustnottakethesemagazinefromthelibrary.将下列句子变成主动语态：Herbagcannotbefoundanywhere.She Theworldhasbeenchangedbyprinting.卸刷)Printing Anewschoolwillbebuiltnextyear.Theworkers Damingwasn,tchosenfortheschoolteambythem.They 选择题()1.一Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?一Yes.Ourclassroomeveryday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning()2.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyintheschoolhallnextweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.give()3.Hisnewbooknextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()4.一DidyougotoJack,sbirthdayparty?—No,I.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn,tinvitedC.haven,tinvitedD.didn,tinvite()5.Seeinghimrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhimwhat.A.wouldhappen B.hadhappenedC.happened D.washappened.()6.ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought in1999.A.writesB.iswrittenC.wroteD.waswritten.()7.Treesandflowers_everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.()8.China7ssportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiangGoodWillAmbassadors(亲善大使)forShanghai.A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed.()9.anewlibraryinyourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;builtD.Did;built.()10.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.()11.CottoninthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown B.aregrownC.grew D.grow.()12.Sofar,themoonbymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.()13.Howmanytreesthisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.()14—Whenthiskindofcomputer?—Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()15.TheGreatWall_aboutallovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown.()16.Twenty-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.beallowedD.allowed.()17.Theearthisourhome.Itwell.A.mustbeprotectedB.shouldprotectC.needprotectD.shouldprotected.填空题Ithinkonedaybooksmay(replace)bycomputers.Who(choose)torepresentChina?What(use)tomakepaperinthe19thcentury?Wheretheworld,soldestpaper(discover)?How