2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习：第1讲-动词的时态和语态 (一)-教案

课程主题：第1讲动词的时态和语（一）2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习学习目标1.掌握时态的基本类型及基本用法2.了解语态的基本类型及基本用法教学内容【进门测试】1.—MayIspeaktoMrWang?—Sorry.He______aspeechnow.Pleasecalllater.A.gives B.gave C.willgive D.isgiving2.IknowalittleaboutThailand,asI_______therethreeyearsago.A.havebeen B.havegone C.willgo D.went3.—WherewereyoulastSaturday?—I______intheCapitalMuseum.A.am B.willbe C.was D.havebeen4.—Shallwegooutforaswim?—Sorry,Ican’t.I_______houseworkformymothernow.A.amdoing B.isdoing C.aredoing D.did5.—Excuseme,lookatthesignNOPHOTOS!—Sorry,I________it.A.don’tsee B.didn’tsee C.haven’tseen D.won’tsee6.—WhereisyourEnglishteacher?I’mlookingforhimeverywhere.—He_______theInternetinthecomputerroom.A.willsearch B.hassearchedC.searched D.issearching7.—Hey,Tom.Let'sgoswimming.—Justamoment.I_______amessage.A.send B.sent C.amsending D.havesent8.—BobhasgonetoCalifornia.—Oh,canyoutellmewhenhe________?A.hasleft B.left C.isleaving D.leaves9.Tomwantstobeasingerandhe_____singinglessonstodoit.A.took B.hastaken C.istaking D.wastaking.10.—I’venotfinishedmyprojectyet.—Hurryup!Ourfriends_______forus.A.wait B.arewaiting C.willwait D．havewaited【答案】1-5DDCAB;6-10DCBCB【多元导学】教学建议：老师引导学生根据不同的内容进行分析，从而总结出图片的变化，来引入本节课时态的教学。【互动精讲】初中时态基本概念及用法【知识梳理1】基本概念时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。【知识梳理2】基本分类1、一般现在时2、一般过去时3、一般将来时4、现在完成时5、现在进行时6、过去进行时时态谓语动词形式例句一般现在时be动词、行为动词原形或第三人称单数形式1.Ilikesports.2.Helikessports.3.Sheisagoodteacher.一般过去时be动词、行为动词过去式Wehadagreattimeyesterday.一般将来时will/begoingto+动词原形1.Theywillgotothecinemanextweek.2.Heisgoingtohaveapicnicwithhisfamilytomorrow.现在进行时am/is/are+动词的现在分词形式1.MyparentsarewatchingTVnow.2.Iamlookingformypurse.现在完成时have/has+动词的过去分词LilyhaslearnedEnglishforthreeyears.过去进行时was/were+动词的现在分词形式Weweretalkingloudlywhentheteachercamein.过去完成时had+动词的过去分词Wehadalreadylearnednearly1000wordsbytheendoflastterm.过去将来时would或was/weregoingto+动词原形Hetoldushewouldhaveapartyinhishousethisweekend.【知识梳理3】用法详解一般现在时1）经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：ItseldomsnowsinSuqiannow.2）现在的特征或状态。例如：Helovessports.3）普遍真理，一般规律。例如：Lighttravelsfasterthansound.4）可以用来表示一个按规定，计划，安排或时刻表要发生的情况，一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。通常用来表示学期什么时候要开学、结束；飞机、火车、汽车、船只等交通工具什么时候要到达，什么时候要离开等时刻表上已有安排的活动。动词一般限于少数几个，如：begin,start,stop,arrive,come,go,leave,return,open,close,be等例如：Myplaneleavesat11a.m.tomorrow.5）在if,when,assoonas,until,after,before等连接词引导的时间或条件状语从句中，从句中谓语动词要用一般现在时，主句要用将来时。例如：Turnoffthelightbeforeyouleave./Wewillstartassoonasyouareready.结构：主语+do\does\am\is\are（动词原形或是三单）一般现在时应注意以下几点：a.在间接引语中，如果转述的是客观真理、一般规律、谚语俗语，一般现在时时态保持不变。例如：Hesaidtheearthisround.

b.if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的情况；但if作为"是否"意思时，其引导的宾语从句如果表示将来的情况则用一般将来时。When作为"当......时候"，引导状语从句时，从句用一般现在时表示将来的情况，如：Whenhecomes,Iwillletyouknow；如果引导的是宾语从句，表示"什么时候"，则将来的情况仍然用一般将来时，如：Idon'tknowwhenhewillvisitme.c.一些时间副词如seldom,usually,sometimes,often,never,everyday等既可以用于过去时，也可以用于一般现在时。要注意区分。例如：Heoftengoesswimming./Heoftenwentswimmingin1999.【例题精讲】例1.—Look,whathaveyoudone?

—Sorry.IthinkifI_____anotherchance,I’lldoitbetter.give

B.willbegiven

C.willgive

D.amgiven【答案】D【解析】容易看出本题是if引导的条件句，遵循主将从现的原则。例2.Let’sgofishingifit___thisweekend.Butnobodyknowsifit____.A.isfine,willrain

B.willbefine,rains

C.isfine,rainsD.willbefine,willrain【答案】A【解析】前半句中if引导的是条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来；后半句if的意思是"是否"，引导宾语从句，周末下不下雨是未来的事情，用一般将来时。例3.Isyourfatheradoctor?

Yes,heis.

He________inTownHospital.hasworked

B.hadworked

C.works

D.worked【答案】D【解析】"光比声音传播速度快"是科学真理，在间接引语中一般现在时保持不变。2、现在进行时表示此刻的行为：表示说话此刻正进行的行为，句中可有now,atthemoment等时间状语,也可无表示现在时间的状语。如:Itiscoldnow,sosheisnotwearingaskirt.表示现阶段的行为：表示现阶段正在进行(但说话此刻不一定在进行)的行为，句中可有now,thesedays(years,…)thisweek(year,…)等时间状语，也可无此类状语。如：Howareyoudoingatschoolthisterm?表示经常反复的行为：表示在现阶段经常反复发生的行为，常带有某种感情色彩(或褒或贬)，句中常always,constantly,continually,forever等时间状语。如：Youareconstantlychangingyourminds.表示将来的行为：表示按计划，安排在最近的将来要发生的行为，此时动词多为表示行止往返(如:go,come,leave,arrive等)，以及其他许多动词(如:do,finish,retire,spend,send等)；句中多有表示将来时间的时间状语。如：Theplaneistakingoffat10:30a.m.结构：主语+am\is\are+doing（现在分词）注意：表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话，一般不用于进行时，而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有：love,like,hate,want,hope,need,wish,know,understand,remember,belong,hear,see,seem,have(有),sound(听起来),taste（尝起来）等。【例题精讲】例1.—Where’syourmother,Helen?—She________theflowersinthegarden.

A.waters

B.watered

C.iswatering

D.haswatered【答案】C【解析】问什么答什么！谈话中问妈妈现在在哪儿，可知妈妈正在花园里给花浇水；用现在进行时态。例2.Hurryup!It'stimetoleave.

--OK,________.A.I'mcoming

B.I'llcome

C.I'vecome

D.Icome【答案】A【解析】现在进行表将来的用法："I'mcoming"意思是"我就来"。现在进行时表示最近按安排要进行的动作。例3.Iseehimgoout.He_________hishomeworkathomeatthemoment.A.candoB.canbedoingC.can’tbedoingD.can’tdoing【答案】C【解析】此题是现在进行时和情态动词的联合考查，首先根据前一句：Iseehimgoout，判定此人不在家，而后看到atthemoment，说明时态应为现在进行时，故选择C。例4.IthinkI_______whathewantsnow.A.amunderstandingB.understandC.understandingD.Understand【答案】B【解析】此题即为现在进行时的特殊用法：表示状态和感觉的动词不用现在进行时，即使有明显的时间状语now,atpresent也仍然用一般现在时。3、一般过去时1）表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性动作）。常见的时间状语有：yesterday,lastnight/week,amonthago/tenyearsago和过去时间in1990,in2006等。例如：SheoftencametohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.2）发生的时间不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的。例如：Hownicetoseeyouhere!Ithoughtyouwereout.结构：主语+did（动词过去式）注意：区分一般过去时和过去进行时。A:一般过去时表示过去发生的事情，侧重结果；B:过去进行时只表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作，而不涉及结果。例如：Hewaswritingaletterlastnight.（不知道是否写完了）Hewrotealetterlastnight.(结果写完了)【例题精讲】例1.Simon________hisfingerswhenhewascookingthedinner.A.burnt

B.wasburning

C.hasburnt

D.hadburn【答案】A【解析】burn此处为瞬间动词，表示"烫着"，而不能表示持续地烫着，"当他在做饭的时候，他烫着了手指"，一般过去时在此处表示结果。例2.John_______athisuncle’sfor3daysandheisnowathome.A.stayed B.hasstayed C.hadstayed D.wasstaying【答案】A【解析】此题学生极容易受“for3days”影响而选择现在完成时态，注意现在完成时的第二个用法：动作发生在过去，且动作一直持续到现在，需要用可持续性动词，但若现在的状态已经发生了变化，则不用完成时态，第二句说明约翰此时已经在家了，故不用现在完成时，而只是强调过去在他的叔叔家呆了三天，用一般过去时态。例3.—I’msorryyouhavemissedthebus.It_________fiveminutesago.—Whatapity!wasleaving

B.hasleft

C.left

D.Leaves【答案】C【解析】属于典型的根据各时态特有的时间状语来选择时态的题目，题中"fiveminutesago"可知是指过去的事情，且表示的是结果，用一般过去时。例4.—Mr.Johnson,wehavefoundyourwatch.—Mywatch！Thankyou.Where____

it?A.doyoufind

B.haveyoufound

C.didyoufind

D.wereyoufinding【答案】C【解析】"发现"的动作为过去的事情，表示过去的结果，故用一般过去时。不规则动词过去式表格原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式amwasdrinkdrankhearheardmaymightsleepsleptareweredrivedrovehidehidmeanmeantspeakspokebecomebecameeatatehithitmeetmetstandstoodbeginbeganfeelfeltholdheldputputsweepsweptbringbroughtfindfoundhurthurtreadreadswimswambuyboughtflyflewkeepkeptrunrantaketookcancouldgetgotknowknewsaysaidteachtaughtcatchcaughtgivegaveleaveleftseesawtelltoldcomecamegowentletletsellsoldthinkthoughtdo/doesdidgrowgrewloselostsingsangwearworedrawdrewhave/hashadmakemadesitsatwritewrote【课堂练习】Mr.WhitegaveLucyanicegiftandshe___________(thank)himverymuch.IfI___________(have)arestwhenhecomes,pleaseaskhimtowaitforawhileinmyoffice.TomisworriedaboutJanebecauseshe________(suffer)fromstressthesedays.【答案】thanked2.amhaving3.issuffering【知识梳理4】语态的基本概念及用法1.语态：英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。2.主动语态与被动语态的转化：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。例：Wevisitedthatfactorylastsummer.主动语态主语谓语宾语状语Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer被动语态主语谓语宾语状语3.用被动的情况(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.

一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者）(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：Thewindowwasbrokenbymike.窗户是迈克打破的。

ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuxun.这本书是他写的。【知识梳理5】不同时态的被动语态时态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词WearetaughtEnglishbyher.由她教我们英语。一般过去时was/were+过去分词ApresentwasgiventomebyMary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。一般将来时will/shall/begoingtobe+过去分词Thedeskwillbemendedbyhim.这张桌子将由他修理。现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词Thewallsarebeingpaintednow.正在粉刷墙壁。过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词Thetalkwasbeinggivenatthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候正在作报告。现在完成时have/hasbeen+过去分词Theflowershavebeenwatered.这些花已经被浇了。情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词（其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变）例1：Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石头制造。例2：Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）例3：Cantablesbemadeofstone?桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）【例题精讲】例1.Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople’slifealotsinceit_________.A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：自从手机发明后，它在很大程度上影响了人们的生活。根据句意判断用一般过去时，手机与动词invent在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。例2.ItissaidthatanAsianCultureVillage_________insidetheAYG,VillageinNanjinginthecomingAsianYouthGamesperiod.A.builds B.isbuilding C.willbebuilt D.wasbuilt【答案】C【解析】根据文中It’ssaidthat以及thecoming可知为将来时，根据句意可知本题为被动语态，故为将来被动语态。【课堂练习】用括号内动词的适当形式填空1.she_______________(tell)thegoodnewsassoonasitarrived.2.Thebook________________(write)bytheyounggirlseveralyearsago.3.Anewbuilding__________(build)atourschoolnow.4.Idon'tbelieveyou'vealreadyfinishedreadingthebookwhich________(lend)toyouthismorning！【答案】wastold；waswritten；isbeingbuilt；waslent【课堂检测】单项选择1.—I’dlikeyoutotellmesomethingaboutShenNongjia.—I’msorry,butneitherJacknorI____there.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.havegoneD.hasgone2.－Howlong_you__thisbook?－Fortwoweeks.A.did;borrowB.have;borrowedC.have;keptD.will;borrow3.一Ididn'tseeyouatthemeetingyesterday.Why?一I________foranimportanttelephonecallatthatmoment.A.waitB.waited C.amwaitingD.waswaiting4.Isawhiminthelibraryyesterday.He______abookatthatmoment.A.readsB.isreadingC.wasreadingD.willread5.—Sorry,I’mlate.Hasthemeetingbegun?—Itdoesn’tmatter.Themeeting_______forseveralminutes.A.hasjustbegunB.hasjustbeenoverC.hasjustbeenonD.hasjustended—Jack,Ihaven'tseenyouruncleforalongtime.—He______Shanghaionbusinessfortwomonths.wenttoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeento7.Thetwinsdidn'tgotothetheatre,they__thelightmusicallnight.A.haveenjoyedB.willenjoyC.areenjoyingD.wereenjoying8.—DoyouknowthemovingstoryofJackandRose?—Ofcourse.I_______thefilmTitanicseveraltimes.seeB.sawC.haveseenD.hadseen9.—Wouldyouliketowatchthethree-DfilmTitanicwithme?—Certainly.Idon’tmindseeingitagainalthoughI_______ittwice.A.saw B.wasseenC.haveseen D.hadseen10.—Icalledyouyesterdayevening,butyoudidn’tanswerit.—Oh,I__awalkwithmyparentsatthattime.A.took

B.wastaking

C.amtaking

D.take11.—Dave,wewillleavein10minutes.Areyouready?—No,I______ourguidebookandtowelsyet.A.don'tpack B.didn'tpackC.havepackedD.haven'tpacked12.—Linda,Icalledyouthismorning,butnobodyansweredthephone.—I'msorry.I______footballwithmyfriendsthen.A.playB.playedC.amplayingD.wasplaying13.He_______Luzhouforthreemonths.A.hasleftB.hascometoC.hasgonetoD.hasbeenawayfrom14.—“Didyouborrowthecomicbookfromthelibrary?”—“Yes.I______itforthreedays.I’llreturnitthisafternoon.”A.borrowed B.keptC.haveborrowed D.havekept15.He_______inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedthearmy.A.hasworked B.worksC.hadworked D.willwork16.—Iwenttoseeyouyesterdayevening.Butyouweren'tin.Wherewereyouthen?—I________awalkbythelakewithmyhusband.A.washavingB.amhavingC.havehad D.have17.Theastronautissotiredthathe______forelevenhours.A.hasbeenasleepB.hasfallenasleepC.hasgonetobedD.hasgonetosleep18.TereorersaidhatteUFO easttowestwhnesawit..trvelB.trveed C.astrvlng .hastavl19.—WasKateatthepartylastnight?—Yes,she________areallynicedress.A.iswearingB.waswearingC.wouldwearD.hasworn20.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_______thedinneralready.A.hadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked21.Nobodyknewwhat_______aftertenyears.A.willhappenB.arehappeningC.wouldhappenD.hashappened22.Linda,withherparents,_______theWolfHill,andtheywillbebackthisafternoon.A.hasgonetoB.havegonetoC.hasbeentoD.havebeento23.—IsthatMr.Wangspeaking?—Sorry,heisn’tin.He_______abroadforatrip.A.hasbeen B.isgoingC.hasgone D.willgo24.Juliaisn’tgoingtothecinemawithusbecauseshe_______thefilm.A.sees B.saw C.willsee D.hasseen【答案】1-5ACDCC6-10CDCCB11-15DDDDC16-20AACBA21-24CACD二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.—Whatdoyouthinkofmyplan?—Sorry.What’sthat?I___________(listen)tomyfavouritesong.2.Shouldn’the___________(pay)morethoughhedoesn’tminddoingextraworkforthecompany?3.Thepaintingshedevotedallhislifeto___________(show)successfullylastweek.4.Everytimesuchafoolishmistake________(make),MissGaowillgetveryangry.5.Withalllightson,theclassroom________(become)asbrightasdaywhentheygotthere.6.AnyconfirmedH1N1flucaseshould_______(report)tothecentralgovernmentandthepublicopenlyandimmediately.7.Carlwaswokenupat4a.m.byastrongshakebecausethefamilydog_____(try)topullhimoutofbed.【答案】waslistening2.bepaid3.wereshown4.ismade5.became6.bereported7.wastrying三、短文填空Thereisabeautifulislandlocated(位于)attheoutereastsideoftheZhujiangRivermouth,which(1)______(call)HongKong.ItliestothewestofMacaoand(2)________(face)totheSouthChinaSea.Onthenorthitisconnected(相连)withtheShenzhenSpecialEconomicalZone.It(3)__________(cover)about1,075squarekilometers(平方公里)andincludesthreemainparts—HongKongIsland,KowloonPeninsula(半岛)andNewTerritories.TherearemorethansixmillionpeopleinHongKong,ofwhichabout98percentareChinese.Itsweatherissuitableanditsscenery（风景）isverybeautiful.Althoughitsareaisn’tverylarge,itseconomy（经济）（4）_________(develop)quickly.Today’sHongKong(5)_______already________(become)thefamousheartoftheinternationaltrade,finance(金融),shipping,travelandinformation.It(6)_______(keep)theforeigntraderelationswithover170countries.Ithasalotofskyscrapers(摩天大楼)anddocks.Itattractsseveralmilliontravelersallovertheworld.About109yearsago,HongKong(7)_______(occupy)(强占)bytheEnglishinvaders（侵掠者）and(8)______(rule)fornearlyonecentury.Thisisthegreatshame（耻辱）fortheChinesenation.OnJuly1,1997,HongKongreturnedtotheembrace(怀抱)ofourmotherlandagain.