系统解剖学英文版教学课件：sensory passway

Sensorysystemsallowustodetect,analyzeandrespondtoourenvironment“ascendingpathways”CarryinformationfromsensoryreceptorstothebrainConscious:reachcerebralcortexUnconscious:donotreachcerebralcortexSensationsfrombodyreachtheoppositesideofthebrainSensorypathwaysFreenerveendings(pain,temperature)(A)Paciniancorpuscle(pressure)(B)Tactile(Meissner’s)corpuscle(touch)(C)Musclespindle(stretch)(D)Bulbous(Ruffini)corpuscle(finetouch)(E)ABCDTypesofSensoryreceptorsSensorypathwaysE1stneurons:locatedinthedorsalrootganglionofspinalnervesorintheperipheralgangliaofcranialnerves,centralprocessesenterthespinalcordorbrainstem;peripheralprocessesaredistributedtotheskin,mucousandmusclesSensorypathwaysSomaticsensorypathways:3neuronsvestibularganglion2ndneurons:locatedintheposteriorhornofthespinalcordorsensorynucleiofbrainstem,axonscrossover(decussates)andascendinspinalcordorbrainstemtothalamusSensorypathwaysSomaticsensorypathways:3neurons①

③

②

④①Posteromarginalnucleus②Substantiagelatinosa③Nucleusproprius④Nucleusthoracicus(nucleusdorsalisofClarke)3rdneurons:locatedinthethalamusandaxonsprojecttosomatosensorycortexSensorypathwaysSomaticsensorypathways:3neurons①theventralposterior(VPM&VPL)Receivefibersofgeneralsensation)②

themedialgeniculatebody-Receivefibersofhearing③thelateralgeniculatebody-Receivefibersofvision1.Superficialsensorypathwaysoftrunkandlimb①Lateralspinothalamictract

TransmitsPain&TemperatureSensation

Receptor:FreenerveendingsofthetrunkandlimbSensorypathways①Lateralspinothalamictract

IstNeuron:DorsalRootGanglion(Pseudounipolarneurons)

DorsalrootofspinalnervesLissauer'stract

2ndNeuron:DorsalHorn(substantiagelatinosa-

LaminaI,II)

Crossing-

SpinothalamicTract(spinalcord)-SpinalLemniscus(brainstem)

3rdNeuron:Thalamus(VPL)posteriorlimboftheInternalCapsulespinothalamictractdecussationDorsalRootGanglionanteriorwhitecommissureposteriorrootRunupward1-2segmentsLissauer'stract①Lateralspinothalamictract

Termination:primarysomatosensorycortex(Brodmann'sAreas3,1,and2)(Midddlepartofthe

postocentralgyrus,andtheposteriorpartoftheparacentrallobule

LesioncontralaterallossofpainandtemperaturesensationbelowtheleveloflesionSensorypathways--Spinothalamicpathway②AnteriorspinothalamictractTransmitscrudetouchandpressure.

Receptor:tactilecorpuscleandPaciniancorpuscleSensorypathways--Spinothalamicpathway②Anteriorspinothalamictract

IstNeuron:DorsalRootGanglion(

Pseudounipolarneurons)

DorsalrootofspinalnervesLissauer'stract

2ndNeuron:DorsalHorn(nucleusproprius,

LaminaV)

Crossing-

SpinothalamicTract(spinalcord)-SpinalLemniscus(brainstem)

3rdNeuron:Thalamus(VPL)posteriorlimboftheInternalCapsulespinothalamictractdecussationDorsalRootGanglionanteriorwhitecommissureposteriorrootRunupward1-2segmentsSensorypathways--SpinothalamicpathwayLissauer'stractSensorypathways--SpinothalamicpathwayReceptor:proprioceptivereceptorsofmuscles,tendon,periosteumandjointTransmitsfinetouchandproprioceptionofthetrunkandlimbs.Sensorypathways-Deeppathway2.Deepsensorypathwaysoftrunkandlimbs①ConsciousdeepsensorypathwaysFinetouchTwo-PointDiscriminationIstNeuron:DorsalRootGanglionDorsalrootofspinalnervesAscendingfibers(gracileandcuneatefascilucus)2ndNeuron:gracilenucleus,cuneatenucleus

Crossing-

mediallemniscus3rdNeuron:Thalamus(VPL)posteriorlimboftheinternalcapsuleSensorypathways-Deeppathway①ConsciousdeepsensorypathwaysTermination:primarysomatosensorycortex(Brodmann'sAreas3,1,and2)(superiorandmidddlepartofthe

postocentralgyrus,andtheposteriorPartoftheparacentrallobule)Sensorypathways-Deeppathway①ConsciousdeepsensorypathwaysSensorypathways-DeeppathwaydorsalcloumnpathwaySensorypathways-DeeppathwayArrangementofsensoryprojectionsSensorypathways-DeeppathwayDorsalcolumnlesiondorsalcolumnpathwayLeftspinalcordinjuryLossofsenseof:touchproprioceptionvibrationinleftlegSensoryataxiaPatientstaggers;cannotperceivepositionormovementoflegsVisualclueshelpmovement②UnconsciousdeepsensorypathwaysReceptor:receptorsofmuscles,tendon,periosteumandjointIstNeuron:DorsalRootGanglionDorsalrootofspinalnervesAscendingfibersofgracileandcuneatefascilucus)2ndNeuron:thoracicnucleus

spinocerebellartractSuperiorandinferiorcerebellarpedunclesSensorypathways-Deeppathway2.UnconsciousdeepsensorypathwaysTermination:paleocerebelleumsensorymaps:thevermisreceivesfibresfromthetrunkandproximalportionsoflimbstheintermediatepartsofthehemispheresreceivefibresfromthedistalportionsoflimbs.Sensorypathways-DeeppathwaySensorypathways-DeeppathwaySpinocerebellartractdamageCerebellarataxiaaneurologicalsignconsistingoflackofvoluntarycoordinationofmusclemovementsasinwalkingItiscausedbythelesionofthecerebellum.Symptomsinclude:ClumsymovementsIncoordinationofthelimbs(intentiontremor)Wide-based,reelinggait(ataxia)Sensorypathways-Deeppathway2.SensorypathwaysoftheheadandfaceSensorypathways-TrigeminothalamicpathwayTrigeminothalamictractReceptor:superficialreceptorsintheskinandmucosa,andMeissner'scorpusclesand

PaciniancorpusclesoftheheadandfaceReceivesinputfromtrigeminalnerve,facialnerve,glossopharyngealnerveandvagusnerve.Transmits

Pain,Temperatureandcrudetouch,

pressureandtactilediscriminationsensation

fromtheface,headandneck.IstNeuron:TrigeminalGanglion

Trigeminalnerves2ndNeuron:spinalnucleusofV(Pain&Temperature)pontinenucleiofV(tactileandpressure)Crossing-TrigeminalLemniscus3rdNeuron:Thalamus(VPM)posteriorlimboftheInternalCapsuleSensorypathways-TrigeminothalamicpathwayTrigeminothalamictractTermination:primarysomatosensorycortex(inferiorpartofthe

postocentralgyrus)Sensorypathways-TrigeminothalamicpathwaySensorypathways-summarySensorypathways–VisualpathwayReceptor:photoreceptors(rodandconecells)IstNeuron:bipolarcellsintheretina2ndNeuron:ganglioncellsOpticnervesOpticchiasmOptictractSensorypathways–Visualpathway3rdNeuron:lateralgenicularbodyOpticradiationposteriorlimboftheinternalcapsuleTermination:primaryvisualcortex(aroundcalcarinesulcus)Sensorypathways–VisualpathwayThevisualpathway:Thephotoreceptors(rodsandcones)→thebipolarcells(thefirstorderneurons)→theganglioncells(thesecondneurons)→opticnerve→theopticchiasma(fibersfromthenasalhalvesoftheretinaecross)→theoptictract→Withinthechiasmaapartialdecussation→thelateralgeniculatenucleus→theopticradiation(geniculocalcarinetract)→

aroundthecalcarinesulcusoftheoccipitallobeSensorypathways–VisualpathwayNeuron1thephotosensitiveretinalganglioncellsconveyinformationtotheopticnerve.Theopticnerveconnectstothepretectalnucleusoftheuppermidbrain,bypassingthelateralgeniculatenucleusandtheprimaryvisualcortex.These"intrinsicphotosensitiveganglioncells"arealsoreferredtoas"melanopsin-containing"cells,andtheyinfluencethecircadianrhythmsandthepupillarylightreflex.Sensorypathways–VisualpathwayNeuronsforpupillarylightreflexNeuron2Fromthepretectalnucleus,axonsconnecttoneuronsintheEdinger-Westphalnucleus,whoseaxonsrunalongboththeleftandrightoculomotornerves.Neuron3Oculomotornerveaxonssynapseonciliaryganglionneurons.ThepostganglionicaxonsinnervatetheciliarisandsphinctorpupillaeSensorypathways–VisualpathwayNeuronsforpupillarylightreflexSensorypathways–VisualpathwayVisualfields(fieldofview)fieldofviewiseverythingthatcauseslighttofallontotheretina.Thenormalhumanvisualfieldextendstoapproximately60degreesnasally(towardthenose,orinward)fromtheverticalmeridianineacheye,to100degreestemporally(awayfromthenose,oroutwards)fromtheverticalmeridian,andapproximately60degreesaboveand75belowthehorizontalmeridian.

Themacula

(fovea)correspondstothecentral13degreesofthevisualfield.VisualFieldDeficitsSensorypathways–VisualpathwaySensorypathways–auditorypathwayReceptor:spiralorganIstNeuron:bipolarcellsinthecochlearganglioncochlear

nerves2ndNeuron:cochlearnucleiTrapeziodbodyLaterallemniscus3rdNeuron:medialgenicularbodyacousticradiationposteriorlimboftheinternalcapsuleTermination:primaryauditorycortex)(areas41and42)(transversetemporalgyri)Sensorypathways–auditorypathwayTheacoustic(auditory)pathwayReceptors(spiralorganofCorti)→thebipolarcellsinthespiralganglion(thefirstorderneurons)→thecochlearnerve→thecochlearnuclei(thesecondneurons)→thelaterallemniscus(alsoreceivethefibersfromtheipsilateralsuperiorolivarynucleusandthecochlearnuclei)→themedialgeniculatebody(thethirdneurons)→theacousticradiation→thetransversetemporalgyri.Sensorypathways–auditorypathwaySensorypathways–auditorypathwaySensorypathways–equilibriumpathwayReceptor:

haircellsinCristaampullaris,MacularutricliandM