2019高考英语重难增分篇第一讲时态和语态讲与练新人教版

第一讲时态语态李仕才第一课时知识过关课运用“7见解”，熟记“4句型”速判动词的时态掌握独到的时间状语标记(7见解)1看到always,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等想到用一般此刻时2看到yesterday,lastnight,afewdaysago,theotherday想到用一般过去时态等3看到tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek等想到用未来时态4看到allthetime,now,atpresent等想到用此刻进行时态5看到atthattime,then,atsixo’clockyesterday等想到用过去进行时6看到atthistimetomorrow,from1o’clockto3o’clocktomorrow等想到用未来进行时7看到since,sofar,uptonow,bythetime,inthelast/pastfewyears等想到用达成时态Iusuallygetupatfouro’clockeverymorningwhenit’sstilldark.我往常每日清晨四点起床，那时天还很黑。Iwillbetalkingwiththeprofessoratthistimetomorrow.明日这个时间我将在和教授发言。BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.到你回家的时候，我将会已经把房屋打扫得干洁净净。熟记固定句型中的时态(4句型)?bedoing...when...，主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。?nosooner...than或hardly...when...，主句用过去达成时，从句用一般过去时。?Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋since...表示“自从以来已经”。主句用此刻达成时或一般此刻时，从句用一般过去时。?This/It/Thatisthefirst/second...timethat...表示“这/那是第一/二次”，后边的句子要用此刻达成时。Hardlyhadthespeakerfinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencekeptaskinghimquestions.演讲者一结束他的发言，观众就不断地向他发问。22Itisthethirdtimethatyouhavebeenlateforworkthisweek,isn’tit?这已经是你本周第三次工作迟到了，不是吗？Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.当那个男孩的父亲下班回来时，他正在造作业。被动语态的几点说明不知道或没有必需说明动作的履行者是谁，或许需要突出或重申换作的承受者时，就要用被动语态。(2)只有及物动词才有被动语态。但cost，have，own，lack，agreewith，sufferfrom，belongto，consistof等及物动词或及物的短语动词没有被动语态。(3)happen，occur，comeabout，takeplace等不及物动词没有被动语态。带有介词的动词短语的被动语态，不要遗漏介词。Thechildrenwillbelookedafterwellhere.这些孩子在这里将遇到很好的照料。系动词feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语往常是事物。Thematerialfeelsverysoft.这类料子摸起来很柔嫩。读语篇，悟语法。频频朗诵以下短文，意会画线黑体部分。注意时态语态的用法。IamLiFan，chairmanoftheStudents’Union.Iam__writing[1]todrawyourattentiontosomeimproperbehaviourinourcampus：litteringandscribbling.It[2]ourschooldirtyandunpleasant.Ialways[3]has__been__makingfeel__ashamedwheneverIseethis.Itisclearlynotappropriateforastudenttolitterandscribbleabout.Lastweek，thestudents’Unionheld[4]ameetingtoseeksomesolutionstotheseproblems.Wewere__having[5]aheateddiscussionwhenourheadmastercameandjoinedus.Afterthemeeting，theheadmastersaidthattheschoolhad__made[6]effortstoimprovethissituationandmoredustbinswould__be__placed[7]around.Recently，theStudents’Unionhas__set__up[8]specificrulesagainstsuchbehaviour.Atthesametime，allofusshoulddevelopgoodhabitsandbetterbehaveourselves.Webelieve3that，withthejointeffortsofbothteachersandstudents，ourschoolwill__become[9]amoreenjoyableplaceinthenearfuture.此刻进行时，表示此刻正在发生的动作。此刻达成进行时，表示从过去从开始向来持续到此刻并有可能持续下去的动作。一般此刻时，表示常常性或习惯性动作。4.一般过去时，在过去某个时间里(lastweek上周)所发生的动作。过去进行时，在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。过去达成时，表示在过去某一时刻或动作从前已经达成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。7.过去未来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。此外，此处主语dustbins为动作的承受者，因此用被动语态。此刻达成时，表示过去发生的某一动作对此刻造成的影响或结果。一般未来时，表示在未来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。Ⅰ.单句填空(用所给动词的适合形式填空)1.Thesunwassettingwhenmycarbroke(break)downneararemotevillage.2.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheirnaturalcourse.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoftenresults(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.3.Peoplesteppedonyourfeetorpushed(push)youwiththeirelbows，hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.4.Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking，”Janewas__informed(inform).5.IgotonthebusandfoundaseatnearthebackandthenInoticedamansittingatthefront.Hewas__pretending(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.6.I’llgotothelibraryassoonasIfinishwhatIam__doing(do).7.ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIhave__attended(attend)sinceIcametothisschool.8.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshave__been__produced(produce)allover44theworld.9.BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland，hissonhad__graduated(graduate)fromcollege.10.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwhowears(wear)eveningdress..单句改错(以下每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅波及一个单词的增添、删除或改正，请指出并更正。)1.Itisthefirsttimethathetalkedwithhisfatherfacetoface.talked→has__talked2.Thevaseisn’tbelongtohim.isn’t→doesn’t3.Sanized→organize4.Inthelasttwentyyears，greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourcountry.去掉have后的been5.Astimegoby，onlineshoppingisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.go→goes6.Eversincemiddleschool，mysisterWangWeiandIdreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.在dreamed前加have7.HardlyIsatdownwhenIheardtheshockingnews.在I前加had8.Thebookhastranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceitcameonthemarketin1973.在translated前加been9.Theoldmanishappybecauseheiswelltakencare.在care后加of10.Thenewteachingbuildingwasbuildedlastyear.builded→builtⅢ.语篇填空(用括号中动词的正确形式填空)Howhaveyoumanagednottotakeadrinkforalmost20years？It1.________(take)mealmost20yearstohavethecouragetoevenaskmyfatherthisverypersonalquestion.WhenDadfirstquitdrinking，thewholefamilywasonpinsandneedleseverytimehegotintoasituationthat，inthepast，2.________(start)himdrinkingagain.Forafewyearswewereafraidtobringitupforfearthedrinking3.________(begin)again.“IhadthislittlepoemthatIwouldrecitetomyselfatleastfourtofivetimesaday，”wasDad’sreplytomy18－year－oldunaskedquestion.Andthenhe54.________(share)thepoemwithme.Aboutamonthafterthistalkwithmyfather，whenI5.________(have)arest，Ireceivedagiftinthemailfromafriendofmine.Itwasabookofdailyaffirmationswithoneaffirmationlistedforeachdayoftheyear.It6.________(be)myexperiencethatwhenyou7.________(get)somethingwithdaysoftheyearonit，you8.________(turn)tothepagethatlistsyourownbirthday.IhurriedlyopenedthebooktoNovember10toseewhatwordsofwisdomthisbookhadinstoreforme.There，onmybirthday，wastheexactsamepoemthat9.________(help)myfatherforalltheseyears！It10.________(call)theSerenityPrayer.【语篇导读】一位十八岁的儿子鼓起勇气问出了怀揣了快要二十年的问题：父亲是怎样成功戒酒近二十年的。最后在朋友送的一本书上，正幸亏自己诞辰对应的那一页看到了父亲戒酒时期鼓舞自己的祈祷，表现了父亲为了儿子而戒酒的浓浓的父爱。1.took[从下文“Forafewyearswewereafraidto...”的“were”可知，此处应当用一般过去时。]2.wouldhavestarted[句意：“父亲最先戒酒时，一旦他堕入过去再次饮酒的情形时，整个家庭就会如坐针毡。”从上文“everytimehegotintoa...”的谓语动词的过去式可知，此处表达的是过去一定会发生的事情。]3.wouldbegin[从句无谓语动词，且从上文“wewereafraidtobringitupforfear”谓语动词were可知，此处缺乏一个表示过去未来的谓语动词。]4.shared[本句无谓语动词，从该句时间副词“then”可知，此处应为一般过去时。]5.washaving[由when惹起的时间状语从句中从句部分无谓语动词，故have在本句应作谓语动词，又从主句的谓语动词received可知，当时作者应当是正在歇息，收到礼品，故此处应当填动词的过去进行时，表示过去正在进行的动作。]6.hasbeen[此句为it指引的形式主语从句，be在主句中作谓语动词；由下文的“myexperience”可知这样的事情已经发生多次，已成经验，故用达成时态。]7.get[由when惹起的从句缺乏谓语动词，再由原文可知，这里表达的是一件常常发生的事情，故用动词的一般此刻时。]8.willturn[由when惹起的时间状语从句中，从句的谓语动词get用一般此刻时，主句就会用一般未来时，表示将要发生的动作。]9.hadhelped[因为主句there＋be句式的谓语动词be用过去时，而以thepoem为先行66词的定语从句中无谓语动词，需要一个表示发生在主句谓语动作从前的动作，故用过去达成时。]10.iscalled[句子无谓语动词，故call应作句子的谓语；而it与call之间是被动关系；文中讲的是书名，应为客观存在的事实，故用一般此刻时的被动语态。]第二课时高考研究课动词的时态和语态在语法填空中的考察点规律方法“4步法”确立动词的时态和语态?第一步，确立句子能否缺乏谓语：假如括号中给出的提示词是动词，第一要剖析句子成分。假如句子缺乏谓语，那么空格处应填谓语动词，就要考虑使用适合的时态和语态。?第二步，确准时态：要依据详细的语境、时间状语或另一动词的时态来判断用哪一种时态。?第三步，确立语态：语态要依据主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系确立。主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系时动词就应用主动语态，是被动关系时就应用被动语态。?第四步，确立主谓一致：要注意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。真题考证11.Steamengines________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)答案wereused[此处讲的是过去的事情，主语Steamengines和use之间是被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。]2.Later,engineers________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(地道)，whichbecameknownastheTube.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)答案managed[此处讲的是过去的事情，因此用一般过去时，主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系，故填managed。]3.Whenfatandsalt________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)答案areremoved[填空处在句中作谓语。本文叙述的是现状，用一般此刻时。主语是fatandsalt，与remove之间是被动关系，故填areremoved。]4.Sarah________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)答案hasbeentold/wastold[句意应为“有人告诉过Sarah，她可能是英国的一名新7超模，下一年能挣一百万美元”，故句子谓语应当使用此刻达成时的被动语态。因为从句中的谓语动词couldbe此处也能够使用一般过去时的被动语态。]5.Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school________(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.”(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)答案comes[此句是直接引语，依据前后句子的谓语可知，动词come应当使用一般此刻时。]6.Pahlssonandherhusband________(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.(2017·浙江卷)答案searched[依据后边的butturnedupnothing可知，此处描绘的是过去发生的行为，故要用一般过去时。]7.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot________(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,whereitremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.(2017·浙江卷)答案swept[戒指被扫进垃圾堆里。主语thering与动词sweep之间为被动关系，故此处要用动词的过去分词形式。]8.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand________(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)答案were[由前面谓语动词believed,wouldremind等使用过去时，可知此处be动词应使用过去时。]9.ItwasraininglightlywhenI________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)答案arrived[在句型“bedoing...when...”中，前半分句中使用了过去进行时，后半分句中arrive应当使用过去时。]10.Thiscycle________(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)答案goes[此处谓语动词陈说了一种客观真谛。]动词的时态和语态在短文改错中的考察点规律方法883“从”原则从语篇和上下文整体掌握时态；从时间状语上判断时态。从连词前后看平行谓语动词的差别。从主谓关系上判断主动或被动关系。真题考证21.Whensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentstopickthefreshvegetables！(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)________答案came→comes[本文整体用一般此刻时，描绘现状。此处主句是一般未来时，when指引的时间状语从句用一般此刻时表示未来，且从句主语为第三人称单数，故应用comes。]2.Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)________答案goes→went[此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，因此用一般过去时。]3.Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)________答案had→have[依据时间状语inthepastfewyears可知，本句应用此刻达成时。]4.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecameanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)________答案took→taken[由句子构造可知，应当使用一般过去时的被动语态，故应用过去分词taken。]5.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastaken,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)________答案become→became[此句中的enter和become是并列谓语，应用一般过去时。]6.However,myparentsdidn’tseemtothinkso.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)________答案tell→told[由前句中的时态“didn’tseem”，可知，后句中的谓语动词应用过去时。]7.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.(2015·全国卷)________答案telling→told[由并列连词and可知，telling应当和前面的saw为平行的谓语动词，故用told。]98.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)________答案begun→began[由并列连词and可知，begun应当和前面的wasscared为平行的谓语动词；且begun和主语Tony为主动关系，故用began。]9.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)________答案去掉been[依据语境可知，show和主语studies为主动关系。]第三课时写作增分课时态、语态在写作中的增分点一、洞察“过去、此刻和未来”——写对句子1.我希望他度过一个快乐的诞辰。(hope,haveahappybirthday)I__hope__that__he__has/will__have__a__happy__birthday.我们快一点，火车4点30分开。(leave)Let’s__hurry.The__train__leaves__at__4：30.3.我在那个小学上过6年学。(study,theprimaryschool,for)I__studied__in__that__primary__school__for__six__years.4.我不知道你已经出国了。(goabroad)I__didn’t__know__you__had__gone__abroad.5.假如你想上要点大学，你的英语一定很优异。(beto,akeycollege,excellent)If__you__are__to__go__to__a__key__college,__your__English__must__be__excellent.6.像我们班主任这样的人理应遇到尊敬。(such...as,headteacher,beto,respect)Such__people__as__our__headteacher__are__to__be__respected.二、了解“何时达成”——斟酌句子我的堂弟已经回家了。他是上礼拜回家的。他已经走了一个礼拜了。他在这里呆了一个月。(cousin,gobackhome,stay)y__for__a__week.He__stayed__here__for__a__month.2.他2016年搬到这里，自那以后他向来住在这里。(move,live,eversince)He__moved__here__in__2016__and__he__has__lived__here__ever__since.过去几年中国发展得很快。(developrapidly,pastfewyears)China__has__developed__rapidly__in__the__past__few__years.10104.他感冒已经快一个礼拜了，他是上周一得的感冒。(haveacold,catchacold)He__has__had__a__cold__for__almost__a__week.He__caught__the__cold__last__Monday.5.上礼拜他没去青岛旅行，因为他从前以前往过。(visitQingdao)He__didn’t__visit__Qingdao__last__week,__because__he__had__been__there__before.6.到下周末为止，我走开家将有两个月了。(beawayfrom,bytheendof)By__the__end__of__next__week,__I__will__have__been__away__from__home__for__two__months.三、善辨“何时进行”——优化句子1.我没有听懂我们老师说什么，因为我方才在考虑其他事情。(catch，thinkabout，somethingelse)I__didn’t__catch__what__our__teacher__said,__because__I__was__thinking__about__something__else.2.你不用买那么贵的手机。科技发展很快，即便最新的型号也会很快就过时。(expensive,cellphone,technology,developrapidly,thenewestmodel,outofdate)You__needn’t__buy__that__expensive__a__cell__phone.As__technology__is__developing__very__rapidly,__even__the__newest__model__will__be__out__of__date__soon.既然你老是玩电子游戏，你怎能追上他人呢？(howcan,when,always,playvideogames)How__can__you__catch__up__with__others__when__you__are__always__playing__video__games?4.明日的这个时候我们就会在一同快乐地谈话。我急不行待地想见到你。(talktogetherhappily,can’twaitto)We’ll__be__talking__together__happily__at__this__time__tomorrow__and__I__can’t__wait__to__see__you.5.当他从昏倒中醒来以后，他意识到他已在那边躺了很长时间。(cometo,realize,lie)When__he__came__to,__he__realized__he__had__been__lying__there__for__a__long__time.四、巧用“主将从现”——写美句子1.只需你不告诉他人，我就告诉你实情。(tellthetruth,aslongas,keepittoyourself)11I__will__tell__you__the__truth__as__long__as__you__keep__it__to__yourself.2.一旦你到那边，请给我打个电话。(once,givesbacall)Once__you__get__there,__please__give__me__a__call.等到你下次来，我们的新房屋将会盖好。你就能够和我们一同住了。(newhouse,complete,bythetime,stay)Our__new__house__will__have__been__completed__by__the__time__you__come__next__time.Then__you__can__stay__with__us.4.即便明日下雨，我们也不会改变计划。(changeourplan,evenif)We__won’t__change__our__plan__even__if__it__rains__tomorrow.5.抓到这个被通缉的人或许供给有价值线索的人将获得一大笔钱。(anyonewho,thewantedman,provideusefulinformation,award,alargesumofmoney)Anyone__who__catches__the__wanted__man__or__provides__useful__information__will__be__awarded__a__large__sum__of__money.6.你越努力，你的进步就越大。(theharder,thegreaterprogress)The__harder__you__work,__the__greater__progress__you__will__make.五、熟用句型——“亮”化句子1.我正要走开这时我的手机响了。(beaboutto...when)I__was__about__to__leave__when__my__mobile__phone__rang.我们正在上语文课，这时门开了，进来一个警察。(haveaChineseclass,when,income)We__were__having__a__Chinese__class__when__the__door__opened__and__in__came__a__policeman.3.当他们到达的时候，我的作业刚达成，正要去购物。(finish,goshopping,when)I__had__just__finished__my__homework__and__was__about__to__go__shopping__when__they__arrived.4.这是我第一次到上海，我感觉全部都是那么奇特。(thefirsttime,amazing)This__is__the__first__time__that__I__have__been__in__Shanghai__and__I__feel__everything__is__so__amazing.那是我第一次见到外国人。我感觉很喜悦，就走上前往处他说了声“hello”。(thefirsttime,see,foreign