专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷58(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷58(题后含答案及解析)题型有：5.READINGCOMPREHENSIONPARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION(25MIN)Directions:Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.Myjobistoproviderelevant,factuallyaccurateinformationthatisinteresting,usefulandentertainingtomyreaders,betheyBrainstormorITWebreaders.Myjobisnottogetyourcorporatemessageacross.Ifyouwanttogetyourcorporatemessageouttothemarkettakeanadvertisement,or,failingthat,doagoodenoughjobthatyourclientsgetyourmessageandspreaditforyou,thenyouwouldn’tbesodesperatethatyouhavetoattempttoforcemetodoit.Secondly,myjobistotakeinformationfromanysourcesasIfeelarerelevantornecessary,andprocessitintoonesmooth,seamlessstorythatmakessense,andiseasyandpleasanttoread.Itisnotmyjobtoprinteverysinglewordofjargonandmarketingwafflethatspewsfromyourlips.Shouldyouchoosetospewjargonandmarketingwaffleduringaninterview,itwillnotbeused.Tryplain,simpleEnglishinfuture.Whatmyjobremindsmeofistousecommentsandquotesthatprovideknowledgeandinsight,nottouseanythingyouhavesaidmerelybecauseyouhavesaidit.WhatIuseandwhatIdonotuseinastoryismyprivilege.ShouldIchoosenottouseyourquotethereisnothingyoucandoaboutit.Further,myjobistowritestoriesthatmyreaderswanttoread,thuskeepingthemagazineorwebsite’sideasaliveandkicking,andthusprovidingadvertiserswithanaudiencetoadvertiseto.ShouldIwritewhatyouwantmetowritemyreaderswillstopreadingandyouwillhavenovehicleforyourmarketingandadvertising.Additionally,shouldyouhaveahissyfitandthreatentopullyourads,orneveradvertiseagain,becauseIranastoryyoudidnotlike,ordidnotuseyourquotes,orlookedatyoufunnywhenyouwerehavingabadday,youarenotgoingtogetasympatheticresponse.Youwillgetapositiveandprofessionalresponse.Nicepeoplewillkindlyattempttoexplaintoyouaboutpressfreedom,andwhatisenshrinedinSA’sconstitution,andthat“really,really,we’resorrybutadvertisingpeoplehavenocontroloverwhatthosejournalistsdo”.Whatyouwillgetfrommeisthepleasureofneverbeinginterviewedbymeagain.Iwillnotbeblackmailed.Iwillnotbebullied.AndImostcertainlywillnotinterviewyouagain,knowingthatifyouhappentotakeanadforthatfeatureyouwillassumeIamrunningyourquotestokeepyouhappy.Conversely,IwillnotdoaninterviewknowingthatifIdonotrunyourquotesyouwillassumeitisbecauseyouhavenottakenanad.Sothenexttimeyouhavetheurgetoaskmeifyoucanapprovecopy,ortellmysalesteamthatyouwillnottakeanadunlessyouareguaranteededitorial,remembertheaboveandthinkaboutwhatyouareactuallydoing.Youare

askingmetocompromisemyethics,credibility,reputation,integrityand—ultimately—mycareerandIwillnotdothat—foryouoranyone.1．TheauthorsuggeststhatcorporatemessageshouldbesenttotheconsumersprimarilybyA．committingtoadvertising.B．improvingproductquality.C．spreadingpublicpraise.D．attractingmorereaders.正确答案：A解析：题干中的primarily表明我们要查找传达商业信息的首选做法，第2段第2句中的or，failingthat，表明其前面提到的takeanadvertisement就是首选做法，该句提到的其他做法都是在“广告”这个途径失败后才采取的，由此可见，本题应选A。知识模块：阅读2．Accordingtotheauthor,jargonandmarketingwaffleareA．irrelevant.B．unintelligible.C．professional.D．monotonous.正确答案：B解析：原文第3段末句的plain，simple表明作者不采用jargonandmarketingwaffle是因为它们不够通俗易懂，由此可见，本题应选B。jargon一词可能会让人联想到C，而waffle一词可能让人联想到A或D，但这些选项只是想象，而没有原文依据。知识模块：阅读3．TheauthorwritesmostprobablyinordertochieflysatisfyA．hisdesire.B．theeditors.C．themedia.D．hisreaders.正确答案：D解析：第5段首句表明读者想看什么，作者就写什么，可见他的写作是为了迎合读者的需求，因此本题应选D。虽然第4段表明在故事里使用什么语句由作者自己决定，但这并不意味着他的写作是为了满足自己，可见A不正确；第5段第1句提到了magazine和website等与media有关的词，但句中的thus．．．表明这些并不是作者首要关心的东西，读者才是他最关心的，因此C不能选。B无原文依据。知识模块：阅读4．Whentheauthorrefusestotaketheclients’quotes,hedoesn’texpectthemto

thinkA．thatheisbeingblackmailed.B．itisbecausetheyhavetakenanad.C．itisbecausetheyhavenottakenanad.D．thatheisbeingprofessional.正确答案：C解析：倒数第2段末句可以理解为：如果某些客户认为，作者不将客户提供的材料写在故事里是因为他们没(在作者所在的杂志)做广告的话，作者是不会去访问这些客户的。也就是说，作者不希望客户因为遭到拒绝而联想到是因为他们没有做广告。因此，本题应选C。知识模块：阅读5．ItcanbeassumedthattheauthorisA．anovelist.B．anadvertiser.C．ajournalist.D．aninterviewer.正确答案：C解析：除了根据各段对作者的工作性质的描述外，证明作者是journalist的6段的末句。该句提到了thosejournalists，因此本题应选C。文advertising和interview的词句，但通读全文就会知道作者对advertisement不太在意，而interview只是作者作为journalist必须要做的工作之B和D都是不正确的。知识模块：阅读最直接证据是第中多次提到关于一，因此，Ah,praise.SopowerfularesimplewordsofapprovalandadmirationthatthelatepsychologistB.F.Skinneroncecalledpraisegiving“thegreatesttoolinbehaviormodification”.Yetpreciselybecausepraiseissuchheadystuff,motivationresearcherswarnofitspsychologicalperils.Althoughtheresearchersagreethatencouragementisessentialforeveryone,studieshavefoundthatpoorlychosenwordsofpraisecanbeasmanipulativeasanyotherreward—andjustasdestructivetocreativity,perseveranceandperformance.Evenbehavioristswhoadvocateheavyuseofpraiseforpositivereinforcementintheclassroomwarnthatitspowercaneasilybemissed.Suchcondemnationofsimplegoodwordsisdifficultevenforthosewhocanclearlyseethedestructivepotentialofgoldstarsandotherglitteryenticements.Butinfact,Kohnargues,praiseshouldnotalwaysbeconsideredasynonymforhumankindness.Children,heargues,canbecomeCompletelydependentonpraiseandinthatemotionalprocessloseanyloveofdoingthingsfortheirownsake.Experimentsshow,forexample,thatchildrenwhoarepraisedforbeinggenerouswithothersactuallyendupbeinglessgenerousthanthosewhoreceivednostrokes.Praisehasalsobeenshowntohaveverydisruptiveeffectsonconfidence,concentrationandperformance.Peoplewhoreceivepraiseoftenbecomesoself-consciousoftheirtemporarygoodstandingthattheycannotfocusonthetaskathand,oralternativelytheysimplyavoidchallengingthemselvesinordertoprevent

thepossibilityoffailure.CaseWesternReserveUniversityresearcherRoyF.Baumeisterfoundthatcomplimentsareaneffectivewaytoincreasepressure,makingapersonmorelikelyto“choke”.Subjectswhowerepraisedjustbeforeatestofvideoskillsconsistentlyperformedworsethandidthosewhowerenot.Andstudentswhowereheavilypraisedbecamemoreunconfirmedintheiranswersandgaveupmorequicklyonideasteachersdisagreedwith.“Iworryaboutchildrenwhoseeyeslightupeverytimetheyarepraised,”saysKohn.“Manyofthemwillgrowtobeadultsdesperateforothers’approval,unabletoformulatetheirownstandards.”Althoughwordsofpraisemaybemoresubtlethanotherrewards,thebasicpsychologicalissueisoneofpowerandmanipulation.“Often,themoststrikingthingaboutapositivejudgmentisthatit’sajudgment,”saysKohn.“Itimplies,‘Ihavepoweroveryou.’”What’smore,headds,praisecarrieswithitthepossibilityofcriticism,whichcanmaketheloftiestpraisethreatening:today’s“you’reperfect”canbecometomorrow’s“youareworthless”.6．AccordingtoB.F.Skinner,praiseA．ismostusefulinbehaviorcorrection.B．issimplebutpowerfulwordsofgoodwill.C．canchangepeople’sbehaviorstobebetter.D．maybothbebeneficialanddisadvantageous.正确答案：C解析：第1段段末双引号里的内容就是B．F．Skinner的观点，其中modification与change同义，而结合下一段第1句的转折关系可以推断第1段的modification是指“变(得更好)”，因此本题应选C。A看起来也是第1段段末双引号里的内容的同义correction与modification并非同义词，correc-tion是指“改正“改正”，因此A不正确；B是抽取第1段第2句部分内容并非B．F．Skinner的观点，也不能选。知识模块：阅读改写，但要注意的是，错误”，而modification只是“改变”的意思，不光指开头的词语组成的，但这一所以7．WordsofpraisecouldbecomedestructivewhenA．theyarecasuallychosen.B．theyareheavilyused.C．theyarenotusedbybehaviorists.D．theyareoutofaneducationalenvironment.正确答案：A解析：第2段第的话变得具有破坏性，poorlychosen与A中的。本题最具干扰性的只有B。B来自第2段最后一句的praise，但该句中的advocate表明行为学家是赞成heavyuseofpraise的，虽然他们也认为heavyuseofpraise未必能起作用，但他们并没有认为heavyuseofpraise2句中found的宾语从句表明poodychosenwords会使称赞casuallychosen同义，因此A为heavyuseof本题答案

是具有破坏性的，因此B是不正确的。知识模块：阅读8．Thelastword“strokes”inthethirdparagraphmostcloselymeansA．instructions.B．criticisms.C．help.D．compliments.正确答案：D解析：第3段最后一句中than前后的内容表明该句对比的两个对象应该是小孩”和“没有受到过称赞的小孩”，由此可见，句末的strokes应意思，故选D。知识模块：阅读“常受称赞的该与“称赞”同义，D就是“称赞”的9．RoyF.Baumeisterfoundthatheavypraisecouldresultinpeople’sA．stubbornness.B．lackofpersistence.C．lackofcreativity.D．incapability.正确答案：B解析：根据题干中的RoyF．Baumeister定位到第4段第3-5句。从原文该部分中的choke，gaveupeasily等词可以推断RoyF．Baumeister认为过多的B所说的称赞会使人变得容易放弃。也就是“缺乏毅力”。知识模块：阅读10．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisKohnmostlikelytoagreewith?A．Wordsofpraisearenothingmorethanpositivejudgments.B．Wordsofpraisefallintothecategoryofbasicpsychologicalissue.C．Wordsofpraiseandcriticismsareinterchangeable.D．Wordsofpraisearemeanttomanipulatethelisteners.正确答案：D解析：最后一段第3句表明Kohn除了认为称赞是一D是Kohn最可能认同的说法。最具干扰性的是A，也来自原文，但与D相比A没有表达出Kohn对“赞美”的主要观点，而且选项中的nothingmorethan说的过于绝对了。B将文中wordsofpraise和basicpsychologicalissue的所属关系颠倒了；C将原文praise和criticism”关系(原文有possibility一词)说成了绝对。知识模块：阅读种评价外，这种评价还意味着想去控制对方，因此，该选项的内容起来．“可能的After21yearsofmarriage,mywifewantedmetotakeanotherwomanouttodinnerandamovie.Shesaid,“Iloveyou,butIknowthisotherwomanlovesyoutoo,andshewouldlovetospendsometimewithyou.”Theotherwomanthatmywifewantedmetovisitwasmymother,whohasbeenawidowfor19years,butthedemandsofmyworkandmythreechildrenhadmadeitpossibletovisitheronlyoccasionally.ThatnightIcalledtoinvitehertogooutfordinnerandamovie.

“What’swrong,areyouwell?”sheasked.Mymotheristhetypeofwomanwhosuspectsthatalatenightcallorasurpriseinvitationisasignofbadnews.“Ithoughtthatitwouldbepleasanttospendsometimewithyou,”Iresponded.“Justthetwoofus.”Shethoughtaboutitforamoment,andthensaid,“Iwouldlikethatverymuch.”ThatFridayafterwork,asIdroveovertopickherup,Iwasabitnervous.WhenIarrivedatherhouse,Inoticedthatshe,too,seemedtobenervousaboutourdate.Shewaitedinthedoorwithhercoaton.Shehadcurledherhairandwaswearingthedressthatshehadworntocelebrateherlastweddinganniversary.Shesmiledfromafacethatwasasradiantasanangel’s.“ItoldmyfriendsthatIwasgoingtogooutwithmyson,andtheywereimpressed,”shesaid,asshegotintothecar.“Theycan’twaittohearaboutourmeeting.”Wewenttoarestaurantthat,althoughnotelegant,wasveryniceandcozy.MymothertookmyarmasifsheweretheFirstLady.Afterwesatdown,Ihadtoreadthemenu.Hereyescouldonlyreadlargeprint.Halfwaythroughtheentries,IliftedmyeyesandsawMomsittingtherestaringatme.Anostalgicsmilewasonherlips.readthemenuwhenyouweresmall,”shesaid.“ItwasIwhousedtohaveto“Thenit’stimethatyourelaxandletmereturnthefavor,”Iresponded.conversation—nothingextraordinarybutcatchinguponrecenteventsofeachother’slife.Wetalkedsomuchthatwemissedthemovie.Aswearrivedatherhouselater,shesaid,“I’llgooutwithyouagain,butonlyifyouletmeinviteyou.”Iagreed.“Howwasyourdinnerdate?”AskedmywifewhenIgothome.“Verynice.MuchmoresothanIcouldhaveimagined,”Ianswered.Afewdayslater,mymotherDuringthedinner,wehadanagreeablediedofamassiveheartattack.IthappenedsosuddenlythatIdidn’thaveachancetodoanythingforher.Sometimelater,IreceivedanenvelopewithacopyofarestaurantreceiptfromthesameplacemotherandIhaddined.Anattachednotesaid:“Ipaidthisbillinadvance.Iwasn’tsurethatIcouldbethere;butnevertheless,Ipaidfortwoplates—oneforyouandtheotherforyourwife.Youwillneverknowwhatthatnightmeantforme.Iloveyou,son.”Atthatmoment,Iunderstoodtheimportanceof.sayingintime:“ILOVEYOU,”andtogiveourlovedonesthetimethattheydeserve.Nothinginlifeismoreimportantthanyourfamily.Givethemthetimetheydeserve,becausethesethingscannotbeputofftill“someothertime”.11．Whenthemotherhearditwastheson’scall,shewasA．worried.B．surprised.C．suspicious.D．puzzled.正确答案：A解析：根据第2段第3句母亲所问的问题可以推断母亲接到电话的时候，第一个反应是“担心”，因此本题应选A。本题最具有干扰性的是C。suspicious和第2段末句中的suspect属于同一个词族．但要注意的是，在文中suspect是“猜想”的意思，而不是“怀疑”的意思，而suspicious只有“怀疑的、可疑的”意

思。因此C不符合原文的内容。知识模块：阅读12．Themother’sfriendsweremostimpressedbyA．thememorabledatebetweenthemotherandtheson.B．themother’srealizationofherlong-awaiteddream.C．theson’sloveforhismother.D．themother’sprideinherson.正确答案：C解析：可以说，母亲的朋友也应该是老年人，他们应该也像母亲一样很少能和儿女聚会，由此可推断，他们认为作者邀请母亲吃饭是在表达对母亲的爱，作者这样做让他们很感动，因此本题应选C。知识模块：阅读13．Whenthemothertooktheauthor’sarmintotherestaurant,sheA．lookedliketheFirstLady.B．wastreatedliketheFirstLady.C．wasasimportantastheFirstLady.D．feltasproudasbeingtheFirstLady.正确答案：D解析：从原文前5段的内容可以推断母亲觉得自己像第一夫人是因为她那天很高兴，能和儿子一起吃饭让她觉得很得意，而且也以儿子为荣，因此，本题D最合适。原文该句中的asif表示一种感觉。在四个选项中，只有D中的felt表示感觉，其他三个选项的动词都用于描述现实，在这种情况下，即使C中的important在现实中可用来形容当第一夫人的感觉，也可以马上排除。知识模块：阅读14．Whatdidthemothermainlytalkabouttotheauthorduringthedinner?A．Herlifeaftertheauthor’smarriage.B．Herlifesincetheauthor’slastvisit.C．Hermemoryabouttheauthorasachild.D．Herexpectationaboutfuturereunions.正确答案：B解析：第8段第1句中的recentevents表明母亲在吃饭时谈起的是最近发生的事，在四个选项中B提到与第5段末句中的nostalgic意思相关不一定在吃饭时就起过去，因此C是不正确的。知识模块：阅读的时间是最近的，因此B为本题答案。C的memory，但原文该句只表明母亲想起了过去，但“主要”谈15．ThemotherinsistedoninvitingtheauthortodinnerbecauseA．shewasgoingtodiesoon.B．shewantedtoshowherlove.C．shedidnotexpecttheheartattack.D．sheintendedtothankhimandhiswife.

正确答案：B解析：从第9段的I’llgooutwithyouagain可以知道母亲在提出请儿子吃饭时，她还是想着自己一定会去的，根据倒数第2段最后两句和最后一段的哲理可以推断母亲当时提出邀请是因为她也要让儿子知道她很爱他。由此可见，本题应选B。倒数第快要死了”是过度推断。2段倒数第D是另一个强干扰项，但由第again可知，当母亲提出邀请时，她并没有想要邀请媳妇一起参加，这可能是后D并不是母亲最3句表明母亲并不能确定自己的病情．所以A说“她9段的I’llgooutwithyou来回家之后才想到的，所以初提出邀请时的目的。知识模块：阅读16．ThepassageintendstoteachushowtocherishA．ourparents.B．love.C．ourfamily.D．life.正确答案：C解析：最后一段是对全文中心思想的概括，第2句表明family是最重要的东西，可见本文是为了说明我们要珍惜family，因此本题应选C。知识模块：阅读Menandwomenapproachproblemswithsimilargoalsbutwithdifferentconsiderations.Whilemenandwomencansolveproblemsequallywell,theirapproachandtheirprocessareoftenquitedifferent.Formostwomen,sharinganddiscussingaproblempresentsanopportunitytoexplore,deepenorstrengthentherelationshipwiththepersontheyaretalkingwith.Womenareusuallymoreconcernedabouthowproblemsaresolvedthanmerelysolvingtheproblemitself.Forwomen,solvingaproblemcanprofoundlyimpactwhethertheyfeelcloserandlessaloneorwhethertheyfeeldistantandlessconnected.Theprocessofsolvingaproblemcanstrengthenorweakenarelationship.Mostmenarelessconcernedanddonotfeelthesameaswomenwhensolvingaproblem.Menapproachproblemsinaverydifferentmannerthanwomen.Formostmen,solvingaproblempresentsanopportunitytodemonstratetheircompetence,theirstrengthofresolve,andtheircommitmenttoarelationship.Howtheproblemissolvedisnotnearlyasimportantassolvingiteffectivelyandinthebestpossiblemanner.Menhaveatendencytodominateandtoassumeauthorityinaproblemsolvingprocess.Theyseta-sidetheirfeelingsprovidedthedominancehierarchywasagreeduponinadvanceandrespected.Theyareoftendistractedanddonotattendwelltothequalityoftherelationshipwhilesolvingproblems.Someofthemoreimportantdifferencescanbeillustratedbyobservinggroupsofyoungteenageboysandgroupsofyoungteenagegirlswhentheyattempttofindtheirwayoutofamaze.Agroupofboysgenerallyestablishahierarchyorchainofcommandwithaleaderwhoemergesonhisownorthroughdemonstrationsofabilityandpower.Boysexplorethemazeusingscouts

whileremainingindistantproximitytoeachother.Groupsofgirlstendtoexplorethemazetogetherasagroupwithoutestablishingaclearordominantleader.Relationshipstendtobeco-equal.Girlstendtoelicitdiscussionandemploy“collectiveintelligence