2022年商务英语高级（BEC）阅读翻译强化模拟题（四）新

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Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheInteractionofBodyandMind

Theconceptofpsychosomaticillness

Psycho,referstomind,andsoma,tobody.Psychosomaticillnessistheoccurrenceofbodilysymptoms(症状)whicharepsychologicaloremotionalinorigin.

Mindandbodyarenotseparate;oneaffectsandisaffectedbytheother.Whohasnotexperiencedsomephysicalmanifestationofemotionalstress?Suchexperiencesasaheadacheafteraquarrelandurinaryfrequencyordiarrheabeforeanexaminationarenotuncommon,andformostpeopletheyareofatemporarynature.Thesymptomsdisappearandareforgottenafterthecrisishaspassed.Notreatmentmaybeneeded,orthepatientmayusesimpleremediestorelievethediscomfort.Onepersonmayfindthataleisurelywalkisthebestcureforaheadache;anothermaytakeaspirin.

Certainconditionshavebeenconsideredclassicexamplesofpsychosomaticillness:pepticulcer,eczema,colitis,andasthma.Personalityprofileshavebeendevelopedtodescribethetypicalcharacteristicsofpersonswhodevelopsuchillness.Anotherpointofviewisthathumanbeingsaremorecomplexandvariedintheirresponsesthansuchprofileswouldindicate,andthatthetypeofillnessapatientdevelopsinrelationtostressvarieswithmanyadditionalfactors,suchasheredityandenvironment.Muchremainstobelearnedabouttherelationshipbetweenstressandphysicalillness.

Physicalsymptoms,suchaspalpitation,sweating,ordisturbanceofsleep,whichreflectanxiety,mayoccuroveraprolongedperiod.Thesymptomsmayseemmysteriousandthreatening,becausethepatientisunawareoftheircause.Thepatientwhoseheartbeatsmorerapidlyandforcefullyasamanifestationofanxietymayreportthissymptomtohisdoctor,believingthatsomethingiswrongwithhisheart.Oftenthepatientisnotawarethatheisanxious.Heknowsonlythathisheartkeepspoundingfornoapparentreason.

Almostanysymptomcanhaveitsorigininemotionalstress.Somepatientsalmostinvariablyhavethesamestresswhentheybecomeanxious.Onemayhavediarrhea,anotherasthma,andathirdmaydevelophivesoreczema.Somepeopledeveloptwoorseveraldifferentsymptoms;oftenthesymptomsareexperiencedinanalternatingfashion.

Thedevelopmentofbodilysymptomsisonlyonemanifestationofanxiety.Itmayshowupalsosymptomsthatareprimarilymental,suchastheinabilitytoconcentrateortoremember.Suchsymptomtoo,varyindegree.Manypeopleoccasionallyexperiencesymptomslikemoodinessordepression.Whensuchsymptomsaresevereorlong-lasting,theyinterferewiththefunctioningofindividualindailylifeandwithhisrelationshipwithothers.

Sometimesapersonsubconsciouslydevelopsanillnessasawayofhandlingadesperateneed,suchastheneedforaffection.Theonlyrealcureistosatisfytheprimarydesire.Anexampleisawomanwhohaspaininherheart,notbecauseoforganicheartdisease,butbecausethesymptomisawayofgaining,ifonlytemporarily,theloveandattentionforwhichshelongs.Herhusbandcannotleaveherwhensheissosick;herchildrenareconcerned.Herpainisjustassevereasifithadaphysicalcause.

Therealityofpsychosomaticillness

Isthepatientwithpsychosomaticillnessreallysick,ordoeshemerelyimagineheissick?Manypeople,includingthefamiliesofpatientsandmembersofthehealthprofessions,believethatphysicalillnesswhichisinfluencedbyemotionalstressislessreal,orwhollyimaginary.Acknowledgingtherealityofthepatients'illnessisimportant;itisthefirststepinhelpinghim.

Patientswithpsychosomaticillnessarelikelytobeneglected.Thesamestaffwhogiveexcellentcaretootherpatients,notuncommonlyignorethem.Somepossiblereasonsmayincludetheuseofthetermpsychoasaprefix.Perhapsthisconveystheideathatsuchpatientsarementallyiii,andthereforehavenophysicalillness.Perhapstheyareconsideredweaklings.Onehearscommentslike,"Hecouldsnapout(克服)ofitifhewantedto."Prejudiceagainstthesepatientsmaybeduetoabeliefthattheyarepretendingillnessinanattempttogetattentionorfavors.

Apatientwithpsychosomaticillnessmaybeconfusedwithamalingerer,onewhodeliberatelypretendsillnessinordertoachievesecondarygain,suchasfinancialcompensationorexcusefromwork.Pretendingillnessisconsideredanunhealthyandunsatisfactorysolutiontotheproblemsoflife.Oftenitaddstothepatient'sdifficulties,ashemakeselaborateattemptstoavoiddetection.Amalingerercanbehelpedsometimestofindwaysofcopingwithdifficulties.Theessentialdifferencebetweenpsychosomaticillnessandmalingeringisthatthemalingererpretendssymptoms.Itisaconsciousprocessandheisawarethatheispretendingtobesick.Thepatientwithpsychosomaticillnessdevelopssymptomsasmanifestationoflargelyunconsciouspsychicconflicts.Thesymptomsarereal.

Condemnation(责难)ofthepatientwithpsychosomaticillnesscanpersistdespiteintellectualunderstandingoftheoriesaboutitscause.Thepatientcansenseimmediatelywhetherthosewhocareforhimaretryingtohelphimornot.Itisimportanttounderstandthat:

·Thepatientwithpsychosomaticillnessisreallysick.Heisnotpretendingorimagininghissymptoms.

·Theideathathecan"snapoutofit"atwillisnomoretruethanitisofthosewithdiseaseslikepneumonia,whoseneedforcareisreadilyacknowledged.

1.Thesymptomsofsomepeoplewithpsychosomaticillnessareexperiencedinanalternatingfashion.

2.Moodinessanddepressionaresymptomsthatdon'tlastlong.

3.Psychosomaticsickpeoplewillstopcheatingwhentheysensethatthosewhocareforthemarebelittlingthem.

4.Peoplewithpsychosomaticillnesstendtobegivenlesscarethantheydeserve.

5.Malingerersarethosewhopretendtobeiiiforsomeotherpurposes.

6.Thesymptomsofpeoplewithpsychosomaticillnessareprimarilymental.

7.Todaymoreandmorepeoplearesufferingfrompsychosomaticillness.

8.Suchconditionsas___________havebeenconsideredclassicexamplesofpsychosomaticillness.

9.Psychosomaticsymptomsmaybeprimarilymental,suchastheinability______.

10.Thefirstandthemostimportantstepinhelpingthepsychosomaticpatientsisto______.

试题详解

1.Y由题干中的关键词alternatingfashion定位到第一个小标题下面第五段末句：Somepeopledeveloptwoorseveraldifferentsymptoms;oftenthesymptomsareexperiencedinanalternatingfashion，题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。

2.N由题干中的关键词moodinessanddepression定位到第一个小标题下面倒数其次段最终两句：Manypeopleoccasionallyexperiencesymptomslikemoodinessordepression.Whensuchsymptomsaresevereorlong-lasting，theyinterferewiththefunctioningofindividualindailylifeandwithhisrelationshipwithothers，原文指出这些症状可能long-lasting，题目却说don'tlastlong。题目与原文相反，由此得出题目说法错误。

3.N由题干中的关键词psychosomaticsickpeople，cheating定位到其次个小标题，依据文章倒数其次句：Thepatientwithpsychosomaticillnessisreallysick.Heisnotpretendingorimagininghissymptoms，可知心身病的患者并没有装病，题目中的cheating与原文意思相反，由此得出题日说法错误。

4.Y由题干中的关键词peoplewithpsychosomaticillness定位到其次个小标题下面其次段首句：Patientswithpsychosomaticillnessarelikelytobeneglected，题目呈原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。

5.Y由题干中的关键词malingerers定位到文章倒数其次段第一句：Apatientwithpschosomaticillnessmaybeconfusedwithamalingerer，onewhodeliberatelypretendsillnessinordertoachievesecondarygain，suchasfinancialcompensationorexcusefromwork，题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。

6.N由题干中的关键词primarilymental定位到文章倒数其次句：Thepatientwithpsychosomat