2021-2022年辽宁省营口市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2021-2022年辽宁省营口市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

TheKyotoProtocolrequires____--tocurbGHGemissions,especiallyCO

2.

Thereisnopublicchargingstationsbecause______.

A.Itsbuildingcostisprettyhigh.

B.Peoplewouldliketochargeathome.

C.Ittakeslongtimetofinishthecharging.

D.Chargeinpublicstationscostlongtime.

3.

Laterhehadtothrow50flashlightbatteriesawaybecause______hadbeendrainedfromthem.

4.

ThefirstbooktodemonstrateharmfulhumanactivitytoEarthwaswrittenby______.

5.

Theabundanceofplantpredators,orherbivores,directlyinfluences______.

6.

Weworkoutabudgetsoasto______.

A.avoidunnecessaryspending

B.buythefavoriteDVD

C.earnmorecredits

D.spendfreelyonfavoritethings

7.

BeforeLyubomirskycarriedoutherownresearch,scientistsinvestigatedhappinessmainlythrough

8.

ThemainmeasuretheforeignteachertakestogetPAIDis______.

9.

Bullyproblemisdefinitelymoreseriousthanwhatthesesurveys'figureshaveshown.

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10.

TheresignationofThaiPremierChavalitYongchaiyudhwasannouncedonNov.

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11.

Itis______thatmakestheconnectionbetweensibsimportantandstrong.

12.

WhileSutterisa______,hesayshispeersmaybeputoffbythepricetag.

13.WhenYourChildHatesSchool

Withjustafewminutesleftbeforeschoolwastostart,mysix-year-old,Dustin,wasunhappy."Idon'twanttogo",hesaid;Eversincehe'denteredfirstgrade,hehatedschool.What'sgoingon?Ithoughtashetrudged(沉重吃力地走)outthedoor.Ifhehatesschoolthismuchnow,howbadwillitbelateron?

Everykidoccasionallygrumblesaboutschool.Butfivetotenpercentofkidsdislikeitsomuchthattheydon'twanttoattend,saysChristopherKearney,directoroftheChildSchoolRefusalandAnxietyDisordersClinicattheUniversityofNevada,LasVegas.

Ifachildseemsdepressedoranxiousaboutschool,fakesillnesstostayhome,repeatedlywindsupinthenurse'sorprincipal'soffice,orrefusestotalkaboutlargechunksoftheschoolday,youshouldbeconcerned,sayschoolpsychologistsMichaelMartinandCynthiaWaltman-Greenwood,co-editorsofSalveYourChild'sSchool-RelatedProblems.

Fortunately,youcanusuallysolvetheproblem—sometimesveryeasily.Inourcase,myhusbandandIvisitedDustin'sclassandnoticedthattheteacher,freshoutofcollege,calledonlyonkidswhoscrambledtositrightunderhernose.Dustin,whogenerallysatneartheback,wasignored.Wesimplytoldhimtomoveupfront.Hedid,andhisenthusiasmreturned.

Herearesomeofthemostcommonreasonsthatkidshateschool—andstrategiestoputthemback:

Anxiety

Onefearthatkeepschildrenfromenjoyingschoolisseparationanxiety.Itmostfrequentlyoccursduringtimesoffamilystressorwhenachildisabouttoenteranewschool.

Unfortunately,parentscanfeedachild'sanxietiesbythewaytheyrespond.Withyoungerkidswatchhowyousaygood-byethosefirstfewdaysofschool.Afirm"Haveagreatday,andI'llpickyouupat2:30!"ismoreconfidence-inspiringthan"Don'tworry,Icanbethereintenminutesifyouneedme."

ThomasOllendick,headofananxiety-disordersclinicforchildrenandadolescentsatVirginiaPolytechnicInstitute,treatedoneboywhowasanxiousaboutenteringmiddleschool.Heworriedabouteverythingfromgettinglustinthenewschooltogettingbeatenup.Hismothertooktimeofffromworksoshecouldstayhometo"bethere"forhim"unconsciouslysendingthemessagethatsomethingdreadfulmightindeedhappen",Ollendickrecalls.

Oncethemotherrealizedshewascontributingintheproblem,shebeganfosteringherson'sindependencebytakinghimtotheschoolsohecouldlearnhiswayaroundandmeethishomeroomteacher.Hisfearsdiminished,andnowhe'sawell-adjustedstudent.

Youcanhelpyourchildhandlefearfulsituations—fromspeakingupinclasstotakingtests—byrehearsingathome.Helpmakelargeprojectslessdaunting(使用畏缩的)bybreakingthemintomanageablepieces.Teachyourchildtoreplacethoughtssuchas"I'mgoingtofail."With"Icanhandlethis."

Loneliness

Somekidsdislikeschoolbecausetheyhavenofriends.ThismaybethecaseifyourchildisalwaysMane,orgivesawaytreasuredpossessionsinanattempttobeliked.

Oftenlonelinessproblemscanbesolvedbysocialskills."Achildmayneedtolearnhowtolookothersintheeyewhenhespeaks,orhowtotalkaboveawhisper—orbelowayell,"Ollendicksays.Youmightteachayoungchildafew"friendshipopeners,"suchas"Myname'sTom.What'syours?Doyouwanttoplaytag?"

"Alotofkidswhoareverylonelyhaveneverbeentoldanythinggoodaboutthemselves,"saysMiamiteacherMattyRodriguez-Walling."Ifalonelykidisskilledinsomearea—computers,forexample—I'lloftenhaveotherstudentsworkwithhim.Thatdoesalotforself-esteemandhelpsthelonelychildmakefriends."

Bullies

Studentssometimeshateschoolbecausetheyareafraidtoatten

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14.

Bipolardisorderischaracterizedbycyclingmoodchanges.Most[y,suchchangesaregradual.

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15.

______isthemaintenanceoftherelativelyconstantinternalenvironmentofthebody.

16.ClosingtheDeal

Salesandmarketingjobsatpharmaceutical(制药的)companiesoffertheopportunitytocombinesciencewithsocialskillsandcreativetalent.HannahHoaginvestigatesthepitch.

ForGeorginaSmith,acareerinmedicalsalescombinedherdualinterestsinscienceandbusiness.Aftercompletingherbachelor'sdegreeinbiomedicalscience,SmithjoinedAstraZenecaasajuniormedicalrepresentative.TodayshedrivesaroundLondonvisitingphysicians,pharmacists,nursesandpracticemanagers,promotinggastrointestinal(胃与肠的)andrespiratory(呼吸的)treatments.

Smithfeelshersciencetraininggivesheranadvantageinsales."Noteveryonehasthatbackground.Itallowsmetotalkonthesamelevelasthephysicianandtounderstandthebroaderpicture,"shesays.

LikeSmith,manysciencegraduateschoosetomoveintothepharmaceuticalindustrybutleavethelabworktoothers.Salesandmarketingcareersallowsciencegraduatestointeractwithavarietyofpeopleinthepharmaceuticalchain,fromresearchersandregulatorstophysiciansandpatientgroups.

IntheUnitedStates,thepharmaceuticalindustryemploysmorethan100,000peopletopayvisitstophysiciansandpromotemedicines.Thereareanother100,000orsoofthesesalesrepresentativesinEurope.Thisface-to-facecontactsellsbillionsofdollarsworthofdrugsannually.From2000to2005thenumberofsalesreps(representatives的缩写)continuedtogrow—byasmuchas60%inEurope.Butnowcompaniesaredownsizingteamsandinvestinginsalesqualityinstead.

"Salesdrivesthebottomlineforthesecorporations,"saysTomRuff,presidentandchiefexecutiveofTomRuffCompany,afirmbasedinManhattanBeach,California,thatspecializesinmedicaldeviceandpharmaceuticalsales,andsalesmanagementrecruiting."Thesalesrepresentativeplaysacriticalrole."

SellCulture

Theprimarypurposeofapharmaceuticalsalesrepistopromotethecompany'sproductstocustomers.Theseareusuallygroupsofphysicians,hospitalsorotherhealthcareproviders.Intheseentry-levelpositions,thereplearnsaboutregulatoryguidelinesandpresentingtheproducttothecustomer.Theyaregenerallyexpectedtomakeeightcallsperday."Asthesalesrepmovesupinlevelfromentrytoseniormedicalrepresentative,theybecomemoreknowledgeableabouttheircustomermarket,takeresponsibilityforpre-andpost-callplanning,andhavemoreadvancedanalyticalskills,"saysMicheleCrocco,directorofhumanresources,commercialoperationsatRocheinNutley,NewJersey.Theymaybecomedivisionalsalesmanagers,shesays,coachingandevaluatingothersalesreps.

Acareerinsalesrequirestherightsortofpersonality.Thosewhoexcelareoutgoingpeoplewhoenjoythechallengeof"makingtheclose",saysChrisJock,vice-presidentandgeneralmanagerforglobaloperationsatKellyScientificResourcesinTroy,Michigan.Theyarepersuasive,competitiveandconfidentself-starters.Ultimately,performanceisjudgedonthenumberofprescriptionssoldandcontactsmade,whichcanmakepharmaceuticalsalesahigh-pressurejob.

Evenentry-levelsalespositionsfrequentlydemandprevioussalesexperience."Companieswantaproventrackrecordofsuccessinsales,"saysRuff,whoaddsthatexperiencesellinginthehealthcareindustryisn'tnecessary.Infact,RuffrecommendsfreshgraduatesgainacoupleofyearssalesexperienceataFortune500companyknownforitssalestrainingbeforeenteringpharmaceuticalsales.

Butpeoplewithsciencebackgrounds,orwhoaregoodatcommunicatingamessageandbuildingrelationships,maybeabletotalktheirwayintoanentry-levelpositionwithoutanysalesexperience.Clinicalexperience,inparticular,israpidlybecomingavaluableassetforprospective

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17.

Wilcox'sfatherhadoccasionallysoldtherelicsfoundinhislandsince1951.

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18.GetPaidforTeachinginChina

IamaforeignerlivinginChengdu,andIhavebeenteachingEnglishforoverthreeyearsnow.Anyonewhodoesn'tknow—LISTENUP!!Iwasgetting3,000yuanpermonthwhenIfirstarrivedanddidn'tknowJackaboutcontracts.IthoughtIwasgettingaprettygooddeal.Mostfirstyearteachersthinkthisway.Now,Igetnolessthan5,500yuanpermonthfora12hourworkweekplusalltheotherbenefits(ex.airtravel--10,000yuanperyear).

Don'tlettheirgripingandcomplainingabouthowmuchforeignersgetpaidversuswhattheygetpaiddissuadeYOUfromgettingpaid.Feelfreetoe-mailmeandaskformy"BargainingPoints"aswellasasamplecontractfromtheschoolIamnowworkingat.The"BargainingPoints"iswritteninMSWordFormatsoIcanattachitandsendittoyou,oryoucansimplyaskmetocopythemtoareplyTHEYincludeallthethingsyoushouldwatchoutfor(likethefactthatnocontractIeverheardofincludesa"PersonalIncomeTaxBenefit"wheretheschoolpaysfortaxesonincomeover4,000yuanpermonth.Getcaughtwithyourpantsdownonthisoneandjustsmileaswideasyoucanwhileyoubendover.)

Theonlywaythesystemwillchangeisifeveryone(meaningallforeigners)startsdemandingthesamethingandstartssaying"NO"totheridiculouslylowoffersoutthere.

ThebestscenarioforanyonewantingtoworkinChinaistogetthemostmoneyyoucanfortheleasthours,whateverthatmightturnouttobe,andthentofarmyourselfouthourlytootherschools,ffyoudon'tdoityourself,theschoolswillfindawaytodoitforyouandinawaythattheygetthemajorityoftheprofits.Iwasdoingthisfor125yuanperhourwhenIfoundoutthathereinChengdu,175yuanperhouristhenorm.Startat200andletthembargainyoudownto175.Inall,mysituationhasturnedouttobeveryprofitable.Iliveina225sqmeterapartmentandpayallmyownbillswhilelivingoffcampus.LastmonthImade12,300yuanworkingforthreedifferentschoolsanddoingpart-timetutoringwork.Partofitwasduetomyavailabilitytootherschoolsonanhourlybasisbecauseofthelowhoursofmyoriginalcontract.

Thislevelofinvolvementalsorequiresamoreexperiencedindividualwhoreallyknowstheircityandhasmadesomefewrelationshipstobeabletomakeitworkoutproperlytohis/herownadvantagewithoutgainingtheire(愤怒)ofthewrongpeople.Itisalittleriskyatfirst,butoncethingsaredoneproperlyintheChinesewayitisrathersimplerthanitseems.

MOSTIMPORTANTISTOSHARETHISINFORMATION!!HELPINGOTHERSHELPSYOURSELF!!IfyouhaveANYquestionsatANYtime,feelfreetoe-mailme—I'dbealltoohappytohelp.

AsIsaid,juste-mailmeandaskfor"AcopyoftheMSWorddocumentswhichcontaintheNegotiatingPointsandthemostrecentcontract"whichIsignedtobeginthespringsemesterof2006.Pleasenote,whenyoureadthis,thatthelinesinBOLDtextwerethechangesImadetotheoriginalcontract.SometimesIoverwrotewhattheyhad,othertimesIadded.Othersectionswereentirelymyownadditionsresultinginthecontractlengtheningsomewhat.Inall,therearestillsomethingsIfeellikeIshouldhaveadded-likegettingpaidvacationsforforeignholidays(paidleaveforChristmasandThanksgivingforexample)-butwillhavetoremembertoaddthoselaterinthenextcontract.ThesearenotmentionedinmyoriginalNegotiatingPoints,butthenagain,livinginChinaandnotgettingpaidleaveforthosetwoholidaysisnotTHATbigadealanyway.

OnelastpieceofadviceBeingabletomakesuchchangesusuallyrequiresaface-to-face,sodon'texpecttoomuchifyou'rebargainingovertheinternetorthephone.So,thatsaid,youcansignwhatevercontractyouwant,bu

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19.

Amongthealternativeenergysources,______,andcoalarethecheapestformstoday.

20.

HurricaneAndrewwasthesecondcostliestnaturaldisasterintheUnitedStates.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：Onewaythatscientistslearnaboutmanisbyanimals,suchasmice,ratsandmonkeys.Thescientistsinthislaboratoryareexperimentingonmice.Theyarestudyingtherelationshipbetweendietandhealth.Atthistimeoveronehundredexperimentsaregoingoninthislaboratory.

Inthisexperiment,thescientistsarestudyingtherelationshipbetweentheamountoffoodthemiceeatandtheirhealth.Themiceareinthreegroups.Allthreegroupsarereceivingthesamehealthydiet.Buttheamountoffoodthateachgroupisreceivingisdifferent.Thefirstgroupiseatingonecupoffoodeachday,thesecondiseatingtwocups,andthethirdgroupofmiceiseatingthreecups.

Afterthreeyears,thehealthiestgroupistheonethatisonlyeatingonecupoffoodeachday.Themiceinthisgrouparethinnerthannormalmice.Buttheyaremoreactive.Alsotheyarelivinglonger.Miceusuallylivefortwoyears.Mostofthemiceinthisgrouparestillaliveafterthreeyears.Thesecondgroupofmiceisnormalweight.Theyarehealthy,too.Theyaxeactive,butnotasactiveasthethinnermice.Buttheyareonlylivingabouttwo.years.Thelastgroupofmicespendsmostofthedayeatingorsleeping.Theyarenotveryactive.Thesemicearelivinglongerthanthescientiststhought:aboutayearandahalf.Buttheyarenothealthy.Theexperimentisstillgoingon.Thescientistshopetofinishtheirstudiesintwoyears.32．Accordingtothepassage，whatanimalsareoftenusedbyscientiststolearnaboutman?

(33)

A.Mice.B.Rats.C.Monkeys.D.A,BandC

22.(24)

A.BamboowasthefoodoftheShintogods.

B.TheShintogodslivedinsidethebamboo.

C.TheearlyinhabitantsworshipbambooastheShintogods.

D.TheShintogodsusedbambootobuildhouses.

23.

【B10】

24.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Themanshouldtrytobemoreunderstanding.

B.Theman'swifeshouldbemoreunderstanding.

C.Theman'snegativeattitudemaybederivedfromhischildhood.

D.Thepessimismofman'swifemaybetheresultofherpastexperiences.

25.(36)

A.Disorderdecreaseswithtime.

B.Orderincreasewithtime.

C.Disorderincreaseswithtime.

D.Orderdecreasewithtime.

26.听力原文：M:Ilovewatchingbasketballgamesathome.It'ssorelaxingtowatchthem.

W:IguessI'dfeelthesamewayifonlyIcouldunderstandtherules.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(14)

A.Shewantstolearnbasketball.

B.Shethinksplayingbasketballwillberelaxing.

C.Shedoesn'tunderstandthegamewell.

D.Shewantstowatchthegameagain.

27.听力原文：W:I'mdisappointedthatSusandidn'tmakeittothemeeting.

M:IsawheracoupleofhoursagoIguesssomethingcameupatthelastminute.

Q:WhatcanbeinferredaboutSusan?

(14)

A.Shetoldthewomanshecouldn'tcometothemeeting.

B.Shethoughtthemeetingwouldendsoon.

C.Shehadplannedtoattendthemeeting.

D.Shelookedforthewomanafterthemeeting.

28.听力原文：W:IfeelsouneasyabouttrustingDavidwithourmoney.Howaboutyou?

M:Somepeoplesayhe'snotreliable,butothershavealotofconfidenceinhim.I'mwillingtogivehimthebenefitofthedoubt.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(13)

A.HethinksDavidisnotreliable.

B.He'swillingtotrustDavid.

C.HehastoldhisdoubtstoDavid.

D.HethinksDavidwillbenefitfromthisexperience.

29.(42)

30.(39)

31.(18)

A.Hewillgotoinsteadofhiswife.

B.Hewillgotowhenhefinisheshisreport.

C.Hewillaskhisbossforaleave.

D.Itwouldbebetterforherwifetogoto.

32.(35)

A.Itwassixdayslong.

B.Itdidn'tincludeSaturdayafternoon.

C.Italwaysincludedatleastoneholiday.

D.Itdidn't'allowtheworkerstimeoff.

33.【B1】

34.

【B3】

35.听力原文：M:Well,Mary,todayisthedayyou'regoingforyourdriver'slicense.Doyouthinkyouarereadyforthetest?

W:Icertainlyhopeso!I'veputinsomanyhoursofbehind-thewheeltraining,andI'vegonethroughthedrivingmanualsomanytimes.Ishouldbeperfect!

Q:HowdoesMaryfeelaboutthetestforherdriver'slicense?

(18)

A.Shefeelsnervousaboutthetest.

B.Sheworriesabouthercompetence.

C.Shethinkssheiswellprepared.

D.Shedoesn'tlikethetrainingbehindthewheel.

36.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:Jack,wouldyouminddrivingmetothestation?

M:Surelynot.

Q:HowdoesJackrespondtothewoman'srequest?

(12)

A.Herefusedtodrivehertothestation.

B.Heisgladtodrivehertothestation.

C.Heforgothisdrivinglicense.

D.Hehasanewcar.

37.

【B4】

38.听力原文：M:Hey,Karen.Looklikeyou'vegetsomesunthisweekend.

W:Yeah.Iguessso.Ispenttheweekendatthebeach.

M:Oh,that'sgreat.Wheredidyoustay?

W:Somefriendsofmyparentsliveoutthere,andtheyinvitedmethereforaslongasIwanttostay.

M:Oh,that'sgreat.Buthowcomeyoucamebacksosoon?IfIwereyou,Iwouldstaytherelonger.

W:Oh,Ihatedtodoit,butIhadto.I'vegotapapertoworkon.Ijustcouldn'tdoanyseriousstudyingatthebeach,youknow.

M:Idon'tblameyouthen.Sowhatdidyoudoatthere?Imeanbesideslyingoutinthesun,youmusthaveotherthingstoenjoyyourself.

W:Yeah.IjoggedupanddownthebeachandIplayedsomevolleyball.YouknowIneverrealizedhowharditistorunonsand.Icouldn'tgetthroughawholegamebeforeIhadtositdown.It'smucheasiertorunonwetsandnearthewater.

M:Ithinkso.Didyougoswimming?

W:Iwantedto.Buttheysaidthewaterisn'twarmenoughforthatuntilacoupleofmonthsfromnow.SoIjustwadedinuptomyknees.

M:Itallsoundssorelaxing.IwishIcouldgetawaytothebeachlikethat.

W:Itlookslikeyoucoulduseit.Don'ttellmeyouspenttheweekendinthelibraryagain.

M:Seemsyouareright.I'vegotapaperduenextMonday.

(20)

A.Relaxingattheseashore.

B.Visitingherparents.

C.Sailingonaboat.

D.Preparingforarace.

39.【B4】

40.听力原文：W:IsAuntMargaretin?Ihavegotsomethingimportanttotellher.

M:Sorry,Momhasgoneshopping.Shewon'tbebackuntilnoon.Doyouwanttoleaveamessageforhersothatshewouldcallyoubackassoonaspossible.

Q:Whatdoyouthinkistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

(17)

A.Cousins.

B.Auntandnephew.

C.Nieceanduncle.

D.Aclientandasecretary.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Whatmayhappentocomputercriminalsoncetheyarecaught?

A.Withabadreputationtheycanhardlyfindanotherjob.

B.Theywillbedeniedaccesstoconfidentialrecord

C.Theymaywalkawayandeasilyfindanotherjob.

D.Theymustleavethecompanyheisinandgotojail.

42.

"Trigger"inparagraph1means______.

43.

WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthelocalgovernmentsintheUS?

A.TheycompletelyfollowtheBritishpatternoflocalgovernment.

B.Theyhavenorightindealingwithlegalaffairs.

C.Theydonotgetfinancialsupportsfromthefederalgovernment.

D.Theyareinadilemmaintheirrelationshipwiththefederalgovernment.

44.

Whateffectdoesexcessivepositiveionshaveonsomepeople?

A.Theythinktheyaremad.

B.Theyfeelverytired.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodo-anything.

45.(59)

46.

Inordertodobetterinthefuture,UCSDprobablywillmakeeffortsin________.

A.encouragingmorestudentstojointheprogram

B.helpingthestudentselltheirunwantedthingsoutsidethecampus

C.settingoutdonationboxestocollectmorekindsofitems

D.findingmoreplacesotherthanparkinglots

47.

AccordingtoAnnClarke,theNewZealandLifeSciencesNetwork______.

A.shouldgatherevidencetodiscreditIngham'sclaims

B.shouldrequirethattheresearchbytheirbiologistsberegulated

C.shouldn'tdemandthatInghambedisciplinedforvoicingherviews

D.shouldn'tappeasetheoppositioninsuchaquietway

48.Radioandcinemahadonenoveltyincommon:theywereformsofcommunicationwhichdispensedwiththewrittenword.Thewrittenwordhadgonehandinhandwithcivilizationfromthebeginning.Now,theoretically,anilliteratecouldbeaswell-informedabouttheworldasthebest-readman.Readingmighthavebeenexpectedtodeclineasaresult,butthisdidnothappen.Perhapstilehabitwastooinbred.Besides,primaryeducation,nowalmostuniversalinEurope,madeliteracyalsouniversal,whichhadgreatlyincreasedtheircirculationduringtheFirstWorldWar,continuedtodosoafterit.InGreatBritain,whichcardedtheprocessfurthest,thepressby1930rankedtwelfthamongBritishindustries,aheadofshipbuilding.Newspapersnowcountedtheirreadersbymillionswheretheyhadpreviouslycountedtheirreadersbythousands.Theyhadbiggerheadlines,shorterparagraphs,simplerwriting.Theyderivedtheirincomesmainlyfromadvertisements,notfromthehalfpenniesorpenniespaidbyreaders.Thedecisivefigurewastheproprietor—NorthcliffeandBeaverbrookinGreatBritain,HugenberginGermany—nottheeditor.Nearlyallthegreatnewspaperswereconservativeincharacter,andoftenconservativeinallegiance.Theywereamongthemostmaterialisticelementsinamaterialisticage.Nevertheless,theyprovidedmorenewsthanhadbeenprovidedbyeventhemostesteemednewspaperofashorterpast.

Thenewspapers,likethecinemaandusuallytheradio,expressedpopularculture,andobserverstalkedasthoughthisweretheonlyculturewhichnowexisted.Thefloodofthemessagewassupposedtohavesubmergedthestandardsofprevioustimes,butthiswasfarfrombeingthecase.Therewasalsoamiddlecultureandahighculture—thedistinctionsbetweenthemrestingonlevelsofsophistication(middlebrowandhighbrow),notonclass.Themiddlebrowculturewastheleastinteresting,arepetitionofpastpatternsinterspersedwithlamentationsagainstanythingnew,eitheraboveorbelow.ThosewhocondemnedJamesJoyceorPicassoalsodisapprovedofthecinema.Thesemiddlebrowsfeltmoremenacedthanbefore,hencetheintolerancewhichcontrastedoddlywiththeirprofessionsofliberalism.Originalartistsandthinkerswereconstantly,thoughineffectually,harassed.TheworksofthreegreatBritishwriters—Joyce,D.H.Lawrence,T.E.Lawrence—cameunderthelegalbailofpornography.Theorganizerofanartexhibitionteamedtoexpect,inEngland,avisitfromthepolice.InParisandBerlinhetookprecautionsagainstriot.

Broadcastingandfilmswerethesameinthattheyboth______.

A.usedheadlines

B.communicatednews

C.didwithoutwriting

D.advertisedthroughnewspapersandmagazines

49.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"researchandpublicationbecomemoreandmoreaboutlessandless"(Line4,Para.3)?

A.Theuniversityresearchfieldisfullofupsanddowns.

B.Researchisnotcompatiblewithpublicationineducation.

C.Therearemoreresearchesbutthey'reintoanarrowerfield.

D.Therearemoreresearchresultsbutlessareforpublication.

50.

Thestudyof900pairsoftwinswasthejointeffortbytheEdinburghand______.

51.Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcog(齿轮)inthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpiped(播送的)music,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-andthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppets(木偶)whodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob,theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagain—bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacityto,getalong,etc.Thisconstantnee