高考英语复习系列知识

高考英语复习系列知识很多同学看了很多语法书,可是觉得自己做题的时候,自己对语法掌握得还不是很好.当然原因很多.其一就是很多同学在研究语法(这是语法学家做的事情),比如哪些词可以做主语,背得很熟,可是做题时却用不上.其二就是基本的语法规则没有掌握本站将推出高考语法复习专题,从高考的角度来讲语法希望对有需要的同学有帮助.特色:推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法:主语由名词性的词来充当.例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。一句话语法:谓语由动词充当.有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要.如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法:表语使用形容词,不用副词!例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）注意:副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词!我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子:givemeabook.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法:宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法:状语用副词,不用形容词)，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Waitaminute.（名词）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢?对喽,就是原因状语)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）练习一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.四、选择填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly()think_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked()willneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where前三题做不做都可以第四题答案:1-5CBDBB6-10ACBAB大家重点做一下第四题,有些题目比较难(当然是相对于我们刚复习的语法而言,比如第一题是定语从句,这个我们还没有复习到,所以做不好也是正常的),做完题之后,回过头来再看一下一句话语法是不是很有用.语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句二、简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.特点:用句号结束一个句子2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?疑问句就是问句3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass祈使句:表示命令或者请求.和有没有主语没有关系4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!还有一个结构是用what.how后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同..Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。有主句和从句构成,在一个句子前面加上连词(当然不是and,but,or了),这个句子就是从句了..TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：.Heisastudent.2、主语+不及物动词：.Wework.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。这是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下来吧（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.这里大家记住这些连词就够用了.如果一下子记不住这么多,就记一个两个,记住有的时候不要和自己较劲（四）高考考点探讨1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and,but,or,while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。如：Wewillgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow。练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：Ihopeyouareverywell（）.I'mfine,buttired（）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（）.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere（）.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden（）.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell（）.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden（）.MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime（）.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy（）.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside（）.It'sgreat（）!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion（）.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer（）.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty（）.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates（）.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates（）.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime（）.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina（）?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep（）.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents（）.三、选择填空：重点做1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit.A.andB.orC.ifD.so2.It’sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,____?A.hasn’theB.isn’theC.isn’titD.hasn’tit3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan4.Letuspass,____?A.shan’tweB.shallweC.won’tweD.willyou5.Isupposehe’sserious,____?A.doIB.don’tIC.isheD.isn’the6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,____?A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou7.Trainashardasyoucan____you’llwintheswimmingcompetition.A.thenB.butC.andD.or8.I’msorrytohavetosaythis,____youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.andB.butC.soD.because9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and____.A.Henryhasn’ttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,____othersenjoyswimming.A.orB.forC.whileD.so11.----Doyoufeellikegoingout____wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?----I’dliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so12.----“____isthetemperaturetoday?”----“It’s38degrees.”A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.Howhigh13.----Youruncleisn’tanengineer,ishe?----____.A.Yes,heisn’tB.No,heisn’tC.No,heisD.Heis14.____friendly____toeveryone!A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheis15.Marywenttobedearly,____shefeltverytired.A.orB.soC.forD.yet16.Mother____adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made17.Helayinbed____readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.A.butB.andC.orD.yet18.----I’dreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.----____whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.A.TellmeB.IfyouwouldsaytomeC.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme19.Asheisstrong,____canliftonehundredpounds.A.yetheB.butheC.andD.he20.----Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.----Ihad,____I’velostit.A.sinceB.butC.becauseD.so21.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn22.----Idon’tlikechicken____fish.----Idon’tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch.A.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but23.----Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?----I’dliketo,____I’mtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise25.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived26.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid____tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointed27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while28.____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave29.----Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,____?----ButIfedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didn’tyouD.don’tyou30.____himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch四、按要求完成下列句子：1.Hedarestotellthetruth.（改为否定句）2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.（对画线部分提问）3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,____________?（完成反意疑问）4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.（改为祈使句）5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改为一般疑问句)6.Itisaninterestingstory.（改为感叹句）7.Thismagazinecomesout（出版）everyotherweek.（对画线部分提问）8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,____________?（完成反意疑问）9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.（改为感叹句）EnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.（对画线部分提问）一、1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复合句；9、简单句；10、简单句二、Ihopeyouareverywell（复合句）.I'mfine,buttired（简单句）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（并列句）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（简单句）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（并列句）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（简单句）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（并列复合句）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（简单句）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（复合句）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（简单句）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（简单句）.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere（简单句）.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden（简单句）.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell（简单句）.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden（简单句）.MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime（简单句）.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy（简单句）.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside（简单句）.It'sgreat（简单句）!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion（简单句）.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer（简单句）.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty（复合句）.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates（简单句）.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates（简单句）.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime（简单句）.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina（简单句）?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep（简单句）.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents（简单句）.三、1~5ACADD6~10BCBDC11~15ADBCC16~20ABADB21~25DDDCD26~30ADDBD四、1.Hedoesn’tdaretotellthetruth.或Hedarenottellthetruth.2.Howlonghavetheylivedhere?3.won’tthere4.Becarefulwithyourpronunciation.5.Didtheygoforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening?6.Whataninterestingstory(itis)!或Howinterestingthestoryis!7.Howoftendoesthismagazinecomeout?8.couldthey9.Howbrightlythemoonisshining!10.WhoisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass?高考语法复习二、主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.注意：①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.注意：①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如：ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.注意：people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.注意：anumberof“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；thenumberof“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Therecomesthebus./Onthewallaremanypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.4、表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelvepluseightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.6、一些学科名词是以–ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./Ithinkphysicsisn’teasytostudy.7、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.8、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…,notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neithertheynorheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?2、therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。语法复习二、主谓一致,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.key:Awho指的是I;Iam所以whoam2.Therich____notalwayshappy.key:Athe+adj指一类人,当然用复数了;behappy,所以不用have3.NeitherTomnorJackandI____hisstudents.key:A就近原则;主语是JackandI4.Maryaswellashersisters____ChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.studykey:C句子主语Mary;aswellashersisters不是主语5.NeithermyfathernorI____athome.key:A就近原则6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI____goodatpainting.Bothofus____goodpainters.,;are;am;are;iskey:C第一空就近原则7.Every'boyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.likekey:B8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChina____peasants.C.wouldbekey:Dpopulation这个词指人,谓语用复数;指数字,谓语用单数9.ThepopulationofChina____largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.key:A10.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.A.havebeentobetobeD.hasbeenkey:Dmeans不是复数,是一个单词,意思是方法手段11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,____forhavingbrokentherule.A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunishedkey:A12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthemeetingthisafternoon.beingkey:CtheLeaguesecretary和themonitor两个人;比较:thedoctorandwriteriscoming...13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor____.A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmenC.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinesekey:A14.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.key:B就近原则15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclass____girls.A.areB.wasC.isD.bekey:Aalargenumberof...很多,相当于many的用法;比较:thenumberof...指的是数字,所以谓语动词用单数的形式16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.A.doesn'tchange'tchangekey:A17.TheArabianNights____wellknowntotheEnglish.A.isB.areC.wasD.werekey:AtheArabianNights-天方夜谭,这是一本书,谓语动词当然用单数了.18.ChairmanMao'sworks____published.A.hasbeenbeenkey:Bworks著作,作品毛主席选集已经出版了,当然是复数了.19.Achemicalworks____builtthere.A.istobeingbeenC.weretobeenkey:Dworks工厂20.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.;four;four;five;fivekey:B21.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica____oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.key:A主语是一个国家istheonlyoneofthestudentswho____elected.A.arekey:D比较:Heisoneofthestudentswhoareelected.isoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.C.havebeenbeenkey:Caman____cometohelpus.key:B这个把它背下来25."All____presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.;is;are;is;arekey:A第一个all指所有人;第二个all是情况26.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearchingkey:B是警方的人,不是一个单位;search为搜(身);searchfor=lookfortrousers____musthave____washed.;il;it;them;themkey:C有人戏说裤子两条腿,所以是复数.有道理pairoftrousers____toolongforhim.key:A注意主语不是裤子,是pair,thispair29.Oneandahalfbananas____leftonthetable.key:Aa+名词+andahalf,oneandahalf+名词,作主语时,谓语动词要用单数.注意:oneortwo+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,如:Oneortwobananashavebeenleftonthetable.30.Eighttimeseight____sixty-four.key:A高考语法复习二主谓一致这个语法,规则记住就可以.如果觉得规则太多,很难一时记住,可以配合练习题解析来记语法复习二、主谓一致31.Tenminutes____anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.key:A把tenminutes看成一个整体.themoney____nmout.A.Three-fifth;hasB.Three-fifth;hasbeenC.Three-fifths;hasD.Three-fifths;havekey:C第一空分数表达法,当分子大于1的时候,分母用复数;主语是money,不可数.33.Thewholeclass____theteacherattentively.A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtolisteningD.islisteningkey:Athewholeclass指全体学生havefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich___moredifficult.key:Atherest后面用单数还是复数,取决于它所指代的事物.如果指代不可数名词,当然用当数;如果指代可数名词,要看它所指代的是几个,如果是一个也要用单数.35.Betweenthetworowsoftrees____theteachingbuilding.C.standingkey:B注意这是倒装句,主语是theteachingbuilding36.Largequantitiesofwater____forirrigation.A.isneededB.has-neededC.areneededD.needkey:A主语是Alargequantitiesof用法相当于much;比较:severalbottlesofwaterareneeded.这时句子的主语就是bottle,所以谓语动词用复数37.Thattheywerewronginthesematters____nowcleartousall.A.iskey:A主语从句.相当于Itisnowcleartousallthattheywerewronginthesematters.weneed____goodtextbooks.key:B我们需要的东西是好的教科书,也就是说whatweneed所指是教科书们39.Whatyousaidjustnow____thematterwearediscussing.somethingtoatB.hassomethingtodowithsomethingtodowithbeensomethingtodowithkey:B