2022年GMAT考试逻辑推理试题新

千里之行，始于足下让知识带有温度。第第2页/共2页精品文档推荐2022年GMAT考试逻辑推理试题TESTCTime30minutes20QuestionsQuestions1-2arebasedonthefollowing.Wehaveheardagooddealinrecentyearsaboutthedecliningimportanceofthetwomajorpoliticalparties.Itisthemassmedia,wearetold,thatdecidetheoutcomeofelections,notthepoweroftheparties.Butitisworthnotingthatnoindependentorthird-partycandidatehaswonanyimportantelectioninrecentyears,andinthelastnationwidecampaign,thetwomajorpartiesraisedandspentmoremoneythaneverbeforeinsupportoftheircandidatesandplatforms.Itseemsclearthatreportsoftheimminentdemiseofthetwo-partysystemareprematureatbest.1.Whichofthefollowingisanassumptionmadeintheargumentabove?(A)Theamountofmoneyraisedandspentbyapoliticalpartyisonevalidcriterionforjudgingtheinfluenceoftheparty.(B)Asignificantincreaseinthenumberofthird-partycandidateswouldbeevidenceofadeclineintheimportanceofthetwomajorparties.(C)Thetwo-partysystemhascontributedsignificantlytothestabilityoftheAmericanpoliticalstructure.(D)Themassmediatendtofavoranindependentorthird-partycandidateoveracandidatefromoneofthetwomajorparties(E)Themassmediaarerelativelyunimportantindecidingtheoutcomeofmostelections.2.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmoststrengthentheargumentabove?(A)Thepercentageofvotersregisteredasindependentsishighertodaythaneverbefore.(B)Inarecentpresidentialcampaign,forthefirsttimeever,anindependentcandidatewasinvitedtoappearinateleviseddebatewiththemajor-partycandidates.(C)EverycurrentmemberoftheU.S.Senatewaselectedasthecandidateofoneofthetwomajorparties.(D)Inarecentopinionpoll,mostvotersstatedthatacandidate’spartyaffiliationwasaninsignificantfactorinjudginghisorherfitnessforoffice.(E)Inthelastfouryears,theoutcomeofseveralstatewideelectionshasbeendeterminedbythestrengthofthethird-partyvote.3.Psychologistsconductedaseriesofexperimentstotesttheeffectuponschoolchildrenofviolenceinfilms.Inthefirstexperiment,grammarschoolchildrenwereshownafilmthatincludedscenesofamaleteenagerengaginginviolentactsagainstothers,suchaspunching,pushing,andkicking.Duringafree-playsessionfollowingthefilmviewing,42percentofthechildrenwereobservedtoengageinoneormoreviolentactssimilartothoseinthefilm.Inasecondexperiment,adifferentgroupofchildrenwasshownasimilarfilmfeaturingafemaleteenager.Only14percentofthechildrenwereobservedbehavingviolentlyafterward.Thepsychologistsconcludedthatchildrenaremorelikelytoimitateviolentbehavioronfilmwhenamalemodelisshownthanwhenafemalemodelisshown.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostseriouslyweakenthepsychologists’conclusion?(A)Inbothexperiments,thevictimsofthefilmedviolenceincludedbothmalesandfemales.(B)Inthesecondexperiment,28percentofthechildrenappearedupsetduringtheviewingtheviolentfilmscenes.(C)Thefirstgroupincluded19malestudentsand20femalestudents;thesecondgroupincluded20malestudentsand21femalestudents.(D)Inthefirstgroup,58percentofthechildrenappearedboredduringtheshowingofthefilm,and12percentfellasleep(E)Thepercentageofchildrenknowntohavedisciplineproblemspriortotheexperimentwasgreaterinthefirstgroupthaninthesecondgroup.4.MainlineAirwayswasboughtbyitsemployeessixyearsago.Threeyearsago,MainlinehiredQualiCoAdvertisingAgencytohandleitspromotionsandadvertisingdivision.TodayMainline’sprofitsareover20percenthigherthantheywerefiveyearsagoand10percenthigherthantheywerethreeyearsago.EmployeeownershipandagoodadvertisingagencyhavecombinedtomakeMainlinemoreprofitable.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheweakpointintheargumentabove?(A)ItfailstoestablishacausalconnectionbetweenthechangeinownershipatMainlineAirwaysandthehiringofQualiCo,ontheonehand,andtheriseinMainline’sprofits,ontheother.(B)Itpresentsnoevidenceshowingthatemployee-ownedairlinesareanymoreprofitablethanotherairlines.(C)ItassumesthattheprofitsofMainlineAirwayswillcontinuetorise.(D)ItgivesnoexactfiguresforthecurrentprofitsofMainlineAirways.(E)ItfailstoexplainhowtheprofitsofMainlineAirwaysarecalculated.5.Atmanycollegestoday,regulationshavebeenimposedthatforbidtheuseinspeechorprintoflanguagethat“offends”or“insults”themembersofanygroup,especiallywomenandracial,ethnic,andreligiousminorities.Althoughtheseregulationsaredefendedinthenameof“democracy,”theyrestrictfreedomofspeechandthepressinawaythatopposesthetruespiritofdemocracy.Theargumentaboveattemptstoproveitscaseprimarilyby(A)impugningthecredentialsofanopponent(B)providingexamplesthatsupportatheoreticalprinciple(C)takingadvantageofinconsistenciesinthedefinitionof“democracy”(D)revealingacontradictioninanopposingpointofview(E)appealingtothepatrioticfeelingsofitsaudience6.In1980,aDanishten-recoinmintedin1747wassoldatauctionfor$8,000.EleanorBixbyownsanotherDanishten-recoinmintedin1747.Whensheputsitonthemarketnextweek,itwillfetchapriceover$18,000.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheconclusiondrawnabove?(A)Since1980,theaveragepriceforrarecoinshasincreasedbyover150percent.(B)Thereareonlyfourcoinsliketheoneinquestionintheentireworld.(C)Since1980,theconsumerpriceindexhasrisenbyover150percent.(D)In1986,apreviouslyunknowncacheofonehundredcoinsjustliketheoneinquestionwasfound.(D)(E)Thirtyprominent,wealthycoincollectorsareexpectedtobidforBixby’scoin.7.MercohasbeeninbusinesslongerthanNolen.Inc,OleanIndustrieswasfoundedyearsbeforethePotterCompany,andthePotterCompanywasstartedyearsaftertheQuarlesCorporation.Nolen,Inc.,andtheQuarlesCorporationwerefoundedinthesameyear.Iftheinformationaboveistrue,whichofthefollowingmustalsobetrue?(A)OleanIndustrieshasbeeninbusinessformoreyearsthanMerco.(B)OleanIndustrieshasbeeninbusinessformoreyearsthantheQuarlesCorporation.(C)Nolen,Inc.,hasnotbeeninbusinessforasmanyyearsasOleanIndustries.(D)MercohasbeeninbusinessformoreyearsthanthePotterCompany.(E)Nolen,Inc.,hasnotbeeninbusinessforasmanyyearsasthePotterCompany.8.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthepassagebelow?Aprimaryfactorinperpetuatingthelowsalariesofwomenworkershasbeentheirsegregationintheso-calledpink-collaroccupations,suchasnursing,teaching,libraryscience,andsecretarialwork.Partlybecausethesejobshavetraditionallybeenheldbywomen,theirsalarylevelshavebeendepressed,and,despiteincreasedattemptstounionizetheseworkersinrecentyears,theirpaycontinuestolag.Moreover,althoughalargepercentageofwomenthaneverbeforearenowenteringandremaininginthejobmarket,mostcontinuetogravitatetowardthepink-collarfields,despitethelowersalaries.Itseemsclear,therefore,thatiftheaveragesalariesofwomenworkersaretoapproachthoseofmen,______(A)laborunionsmustredoubletheireffortstoimprovethelotofworkingwomen(B)society’sperceptionofpink-collarjobsaslessimportantandlessdemandingthanotherjobsmustbechanged(C)moremenmustbeencouragedtoenterfieldstraditionallyoccupiedbywomen(D)thenumberofjobsinthepink-collarfieldsrelativetothesizeoftheworkforceasawholemustbemarkedlyincreased(E)morewomenmustenteroccupationsotherthanthosetraditionallyreservedforthem9.Determiningtheauthenticityofpurportedpre-Columbianartifactsisnevereasy.Carbon-14datingoftheseartifactsisoftenimpossibleduetocontaminationbyradioactivepalladium(whichoccursnaturallyinthesoilsofCentralandSouthAmerica).However,historiansandanthropologistshaveevolvedtworeliablecriteria,which,utilizedincombination,haveproveneffectivefordatingtheseartifacts.First,becauseauthenticpre-Columbianartifactscharacteristicallyoccurinacoarse,granularmatrixthatisshiftedbymajorearthquakes,theyoftenexhibittheuniquescratchpatternsknownasgridding.Inaddition,truepre-ColumbianartifactsshowadarkeninginsurfacecolorthatiscausedbycenturiesofexposuretotheminuteamountsofmagnesiuminthesoiloftheAmericas.ThecriteriaabovewouldbeLEASTusefulinjudgingtheauthenticityofwhichofthefollowing?(A)Anaxheadofblackobsidian,unearthedfromakitchenmidden(B)Apotterybowlwitharedocherdesign,foundintheruinsofatemple(C)Asetofgoldearweights,ornamentedwithjasperpendants(D)Ablackfeathercapefromaking’sburialvault(E)AmulticoloredwovensashfoundnearthegravesiteofaslaveQuestions10-11arebasedonthefollowing.Fromtimetotime,thepressindulgesinoutburstsofindignationovertheuseoffalseormisleadinginformationbytheU.S.governmentinsupportofitspoliciesandprograms.Nooneendorsesneedlessdeception.Butconsiderthishistoricalanalogy.ItisknownthatChristopherColumbus,onhisfirstvoyagetotheNewWorld,deliberatelyfalsifiedthelogtoshowashortersailingdistanceforeachdayoutthantheshipshadactuallytraveled.Inthisway,ColumbuswasabletoconvincehisskepticalsailorsthattheyhadnotsailedpastthepointatwhichtheyexpectedtofindtheshoresofIndia.Withoutthisdeception,Columbus’ssailorsmightwellhavemutinied,andtheNewWorldmightneverhavebeendiscovered.10.TheauthorofthepassageaboveassumeseachofthefollowingEXCEPT:(A)Governmentdeceptionofthepressisoftenmotivatedbyworthyobjectives.(B)Withoutgovernmentdeception,popularsupportforworthwhilegovernmentpoliciesandprogramsmightwellfade.(C)Attacksonthegovernmentbythepressareoftenpoliticallymotivated.(D)Deceptionfordeception’ssakeshouldnotbecondoned.(E)Agreatergoodmaysometimesrequireacceptanceofalesserevil.11.Whichofthefollowingisthemainweaknessofthehistoricalanalogydrawninthepassageabove?(A)ThesailorsinColumbus’screwneverknewthattheyhadbeendeceived,whilegovernmentdeceptionisgenerallyuncoveredbythepress.(B)Aship’slogisarecordintendedmainlyforusebythecaptain,whilepressreportsaregenerallydisseminatedforusebythepublicatlarge.(C)Themembersofaship’screwareselectedbythecaptainoftheship,whilethosewhoworkinthepressareself-selected.(D)Thecrewofashipisresponsibleforthesuccessofavoyage,whilethepressisnotresponsiblefortheuseothersmakeofthefactualinformationitpublishes.(E)Inademocracy,thepeopleareexpectedtoparticipateinthenation’spoliticaldecisionmaking,whilethemembersofaship’screwareexpectedsimplytoobeytheordersofthecaptain.12.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthepassagebelow?Monarchbutterflies,whoseaveragelifespanisninemonths,migratefromthemidwesternUnitedStatestoselectedforestsoutsideMexicoCity.Ittakesatleastthreegenerationsofmonarchstomakethejourney,sothegreat-great-grandchildrenwhofinallyarriveintheMexicanforestshaveneverbeentherebefore.Yettheyreturntothesametreestheirforebearsleft.Scientiststheorizethatmonarchs,likehomingpigeons,maptheirroutesaccordingtotheearth’selectromagneticfields.Asafirststepintestingthistheory,lepidopteristsplantoinstallalow-voltagetransmitterinsideonegroveof“butterflytrees”intheMexicanforests.Ifthebutterfliesareeitherespeciallyattractedtothegrovewiththetransmitterorespeciallyrepelledbyit,lepidopteristswillhaveevidencethat______(A)monarchbutterflieshavebrains,howeverminuscule(B)monarchbutterfliesaresensitivetoelectricity(C)low-voltageelectricitycanaffectbutterflies,whetherpositivelyoradversely(D)monarchsmaptheirroutesaccordingtotheearth’selectromagneticfields(E)monarchscommunicateinintergenerationallyviaelectromagneticfields13.Ingeneral,aprofessionalathleteisofferedamillion-dollarcontractonlyifheorshehasjustcompletedanunusuallysuccessfulseason.However,astudyshowsthatanathletesigningsuchacontractusuallysuffersadeclineinperformancethefollowingseason.Thisstudysupportsthetheorythatamillion-dollarcontracttendstoweakenanathlete’sdesiretoexcelbydiminishinghisorhereconomicincentive.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmoststrengthentheconclusiondrawnabove?(A)Ontheaverage,athleteswhosecontractscallforrelativelysmallsalarieswithpossiblebonusesforoutstandingachievementperformbetterthanotherathletes.(B)Athletesaregenerallyofferedmillion-dollarcontractsmainlybecauseoftheincreasedticketsalesandotherrevenuestheygenerate.(C)Manyprofessionalathleteshavecareersmarkedbyyear-to-yearfluctuationsintheiroveralllevelsofperformance.(D)Ontheaverage,higher-salariedathletestendtohavelongerandmoresuccessfulprofessionalcareersthandolower-salariedathletes.(E)SixofthetenleadingbattersintheNationalLeaguethisseasonsignedmillion-dollarcontractsduringtheoff-season.14.Dr.A:Thenewinfluenzavaccineisuselessatbestandpossiblydangerous.Iwouldneveruseitonapatient.Dr.B:ButthreestudiespublishedintheJournalofMedicalAssociateshaveratedthatvaccineasunusuallyeffective.Dr.A:Thestudiesmusthavebeenfaultybecausethevaccineisworthless.InwhichofthefollowingisthereasoningmostsimilartothatofDr.A?(A)Threeofmypatientshavebeenharmedbythatvaccineduringthepastthreeweeks,sothevaccineisunsafe.(B)JerroldJerseyrecommendsthismilk,andIdon’ttrustJerroldJersey,soIwon’tbuythismilk.(C)Wingzztennisballsperformbestbecausetheyarefarmoreeffectivethananyothertennisballs.(D)I’mbuyingVimVitamins.Doctorsrecommendthemmoreoftenthantheyrecommendanyothervitamins,soVimVitaminsmustbegood.(E)SinceUniversityofMuldoongraduatesscoreabout20percenthigherthanaverageontheGMAT,SheilaLee,aUniversityofMuldoongraduate,willscoreabout20percenthigherthanaveragewhenshetakestheGMAT.15.Bill:Smoke-detectingfirealarmscansavelives.Ibelievethateveryapartmentinthiscityshouldberequiredbylawtobeequippedwithasmokedetector.Joe:Idisagreewithyourproposal.Smokedetectorsarejustasimportantforsafetyinprivatehousesastheyareinapartment.Fromthisexchange,itcanbeinferredthatJoehasinterpretedBill’sstatementtomeanthat(A)thecityshouldberesponsibleforprovidingsmokedetectorsforapartments(B)residencesoutsidethecityshouldnotbeequippedwithsmokedetectors(C)onlyapartmentsshouldbeequippedwithsmokedetectors(D)theriskoffireisnotasgreatinprivatehousesasitisinapartments(E)therateofdeathbyfireisunusuallyhighinthecityinquestion16.In1986,thecityofLosDiabloshad20daysonwhichairpollutionreachedunhealthfulamountsandasmogalertwasputintoeffect.Inearly1987,newairpollutioncontrolmeasureswereenacted,butthecityhadsmogalertson31daysthatyearandon39daysthefollowingyear.In1989,however,thenumberofsmogalertsinLosDiablosdroppedtosixteen.ThemainairpollutantsinLosDiablosareozoneandcarbonmonoxide,andsince1986thelevelsofbothhavebeenmonitoredbygasspectrography.Whichofthefollowingstatements,assumingthateachistrue,wouldbeLEASThelpfulinexplainingtheairpollutionlevelsinLosDiablosbetween1986and1989?(A)The1987airpollutioncontrolmeasuresenactedinLosDiabloswereputintoeffectinNovemberof1988.(B)InDecemberof1988anewandfarmoreaccurategasspectrometerwasinvented.(C)InFebruaryof1989,thePollutionControlBoardofLosDiablosrevisedthescaleusedtodeterminetheamountofairpollutionconsideredunhealthful.(D)In1988themayorofLosDiabloswasfoundtohaveacceptedlargecampaigndonationsfromlocalindustriesandtohaveexemptedthosesameindustriesfromairpollutioncontrolmeasures.(E)Excessozoneandcarbonmonoxiderequireaminimumoftwoyearstobreakdownnaturallyintheatmosphereaboveagivenarea.17.Inamarketingstudy,consumersweregiventwounlabeledcartonsoflaundrydetergent.Onecartonwasbrightgreenandyellow;theotherwasdrabbrownandgray.Afterusingthedetergentinthetwocartonsforonemonth,83percentoftheconsumersinthestudyreportedthatthedetergentinthebrightgreenandyellowcartoncleanedbetter.Thisstudyshowsthatpackaginghasasignificantimpactonconsumers’judgmentoftheeffectivenessofalaundrydetergent.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmoststrengthentheconclusiondrawninthemarketingstudy?(A)Thedetergentinthebrightcartoncontainedbleachcrystals;thedetergentinthedrabcartondidnot.(B)Thedetergentsinthetwocartonswerethesame.(C)Thedetergentsinthetwocartonsweredifferent,buttheyhadbothbeenlaboratorytested.(D)Thedetergentinthedrabcartonwasapopularnamebrand;thedetergentinthebrightcartonwasgeneric.(E)Thedetergentinthedrabcartonwasgeneric;thedetergentinthebrightcartonwasapopularnamebrand.18.Don’s,achainofsupermarkets,hasenteredintoanagreementinwhichRoseComputerswillsellDon’sanunlimitednumberofitsleastexpensivePC’satone-fourththeregularwholesaleprice.Inreturn,Don’shasagreedtopurchaseallofitsscannersandotherelectronicinformation-processingequipmentfromRoseorfromOmicron,RoseComputers’parentcompany,forthenexttenyears.Don’swillofferaRosePCfreetoanyschoolthatturnsinDon’sregisterreceiptstotaling$100,000withinthenextsixmonths.Thevice-presidentinchargeofadvertisingforDon’sexpectsthatthecomputergiveawaywillobviatetheneedforamassivenewadvertisingcampaignforthenextsixmonthsandthatDon’scanmakeuptheexpendituresforthePC’sbywritingthemoffitsincometaxesascharitabledonations.TheplansformulatedbyDon’sassumeeachofthefollowingEXCEPT:(A)ThepricesthatRoseorOmicronchargesDon’sforinformation-processingequipmentoverthenexttenyearswillbelowerthanthosechargedbyothercompanies.(B)Thetaxlawswillnotbechangedtoexcludeorlessenthevalueofcharitabledonationsastaxwrite-offs.(C)SchoolswillbesufficientlyattractedbyDon’scomputergiveawayofferthatteacherswillurgestudentstoshopatDon’s.(D)RosewillbeabletosupplyDon’swithasufficientnumberofPC’stomeetthedemandgeneratedbyschoolsthatcollectDon’sreceiptstotaling$100,000.(E)TheeffectofthecomputergiveawayofferonDon’sbusinesswillbecomparabletothatofamajoradvertisingcampaign.19.Manufacturersofhouseholdappliancesarestillurgingthepublictopurchasefoodprocessors.The