2022-2023年安徽省铜陵市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2022-2023年安徽省铜陵市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Theauthormaintainsasthemarketsdistributeothergoodsthroughouttheeconomyandcostsomethingtheycanbeseenas______.

2.

InbothPeruandColombia,violencehasresultedintheinternaldisplacementofhundredsofthousandsofpeople.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.Kunzgaveupsoftwareengineeringmainlybecauseheearnedlessthanthoseinlaworbusinessfielddid.

4.

China'senteringintoWTOwillthrowitseconomyintodisordertemporarily.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Inthewriter'sopinion,unlikewhatotherpeoplethought,______isawaytoavoidfacingresponsibilities.

A.stayinginhisjob

B.beinga"careerstudent"

C.quittingjobs

D.goingbacktocollege

6.

Nowifyousubscribefuroneyear,youcanenjoy______.

7.SuggestionsforYourWork

Annieisalongtimesecretary/receptionistfortwoseniorvicepresidentsatabigcompany.Theyhavebeendoingalotofhiringlately,andalmostallofthenewmiddle-managementpersonnelhavebeeninterviewedbyoneortheotherofAnnie'stwobosses,sonaturallytheycomethroughherofficefirst.

Someofthesepeopleareunbelievablyrude.EithertheytreatAnnielikeapieceoffurniture(nohello,noeyecontact)ortheythinksheistheirerrand(差使)girl.Lately,Annie'stwobosseshavestartedaskingherforherimpressionsofjobcandidates.Sofarthisweek,twohavebeendiscourteous(失礼的)anddismissive,soAnniegaveboththethumbs-down.Neitherisgettingcalledbackforthenextroundofinterviews.

Nooneknowshowcommonthisis,butifyouarejobhunting,it'snecessarytobeawarethatthedummyatthereceptiondeskmaybeanythingbutnot"justasecretary".

SuggestionstoJobHunters

AccordingtoAnnieStevensandGregGostanian,twopartnersataBoston-basedexecutivecoachingfirmcalledClearRock,it'snotunusualthesedaysforahiringmanagertoaskeveryonewhomeetsapotentialnewhiretogiveanopinionofhimorher."Oneofthebiggestreasonssomanynewlyrecruitedmanagersfailinanewjobistheirinabilitytofitinandgetalongwiththepeoplewhoarealreadythere,"saysStevens."Soemployersnowwanttogetstaffers'impressionsrightatthestart."

AddsGostanian:"Alotcanbelearnedfromhowcandidatestreatreceptionists.Ifthejobseekerisrude,condescending,orarrogant,thismightbeanindicationofhowheorshewouldtreatcow0rkersordirectreports."

Obviously,anyonelookingforanewjobwoulddowellnottoalienatethepersonwhositsoutsidetheinterviewer'sdoor.StevensandGostanianofferthesesixtipsforgettingofftotherightstart:

-Introduceyourselfasyouwouldtoanyotherpotentialnewcolleague.Smile,shakehands,andsoon.Itseemsoddthatthishastobespelledout,butapparentlyitdoes;and,besidesbeingamatterofcommoncourtesy,ordinaryfriendlinessoffersapracticaladvantage."Learningandrememberinganinterviewer'sreceptionist'snamecanonlyhelpasyouadvanceintheinterviewingprocess,"Stevensnotes.

-Don'tregardareceptionistorotherassistantasanunderling(部下)—atleast,notasyourownpersonalunderling."Alwaysasktheinterviewerifyouneedhelpfromanyoneelseintheofficewhereyou'reinterviewing,insteadofseekingthisdirectlyyourself,"saysGostanian.Inotherwords,ifyou'dliketoleaveanextracopyofyou'resume,refrainfromsendingtheinterviewer'sassistanttotheXeroxmachine.

-It'sfinetoacceptifyou'reofferedabeverage,butkeepitsimple."Don'taskforparticularbrandnamesorexpecttobebrewedafreshpotofcoffee,"Stevenssays.Andofcourse,needweaddthatdispatchinganybodytoStarbucksisoutofthequestion?

-Feelfreetomakesmalltalk,butknowthatanythingyousaymaywellgetbacktotheinterviewer."Don'taskprobingquestionsaboutthecompanyorofferunsolicitedopinions,"Gostanianadvises.Nomatterhowhideoustheofficedoor,endlessthehikefromtheparkinglot,orinconvenientthewaittoseetheinterviewer,keepittoyourself.Plentyoftimeforwhining(抱怨)andgrumblingalteryou'rehired.

-Don'ttalkonyourcellphoneinfrontofthereceptionist,andtrytoputyourBlackBerryaside."Ifyouhavetomakeortakeacall,leavethereceptionarea,"Stevenssays.Preoccupationwithwirelessdeviceswillmarkyou,shesays,as"acoldandfixatedperson".

-Don'tforgettosaygood-bye."Failuretosaygood-byetosomeoneyou'vejustmetreflectsnegativelyonyou,"Gostaniannotes."You'llcomeacrossasimpersonalanduncaring."That'shardlythe

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Policeman,firemanandemergencydoctorsallcanbecalledfirstresponders.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Socialstudierslearnbetterby______thanbyreading.

10.

Anothercommonfaultthatiseasilyobserved'isheadmovement.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Aftertakingoverthecompany,Woodruff______aconcertedoverseasadvertisingandmarketingcampaign.

12.

TheboxofficeofTerminatorismorethanthatofMyBigFatGreekWedding.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.Enteringriversby______,phosphatesandnitratesasfertilizerscanresultineutrophication.

14.Theblack/whitetrickcanprovidepeoplewithmorethantwochoicesfortheirargument.

15.

TheHy-Wire,ahydrogenfueledcarproducedbyGM,iscontrolledthrough______.

16.

Someoftheoldpeoplewhoinjectfluvaccinesexperienceserioussideeffects.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.Whatdowelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasforcedtoleavehomethreeyearsago.

B.Hesoldthehousetopayforhisworldtour.

C.Helearnedalotfromtravelingaroundtheworld.

D.HegotaPh.DinGeographyinthreeandahalfyears.

18.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecrazeforAuto-TunewhichtrendyCherstarted?

A.Itfadedsoon.

B.Itlastedformanyyears.

C.Itmadeengineerslazy.

D.Itharmedpeople'screativity.

19.GriffithworkedforafirmthatspecializedineconomicdevelopmentinWashingtonD.C.becausesheneededmoneytopayforherdebt.

20.Tosay"Itwouldseemthat"insteadofsaying"Ithinkthat"isacommonwayofusingweaselwordswithusing______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：W:You'realwaysworkingaroundthehouseonSaturday,paintinganddoingrepairs.Youmustenjoyit.

M:Notreally.I'dratherrelaxorgofishing,butSaturdayistheonlydayIhavetogetanythingdone.BythetimeIgethomefromworkduringtheweek,I'mtootired.

Q:WhatdoesthemanusuallydoonSaturdays?

(19)

A.Herelaxes.

B.Hegoestowork.

C.Hegoesfishing.

D.Heworksathome.

22.(15)

A.Hemajorsinengineering.

B.Hewasn'tatthelectureatthattime.

C.Hehasonlyrecentlybecomeinterestedinphilosophy.

D.HethinksthewomanshouldalsoattendProf.Warner'sclass.

23.(44)

24.

【B10】

25.(19)

A.Sheisalittletired.

B.Sheisgoingtostudyinthelibrary.

C.Shewantstolistentothemusic.

D.Sheisgoingtomakeareservation.

26.听力原文：Thisistoday'ssportsnews.

Intheworldoftennis,theLondonInternationalTennisTournamentendedtoday.SamuelCoxoftheUnitedStateswasthewinnerwithLloydSmith,ofGreatBritain,finishingsecond.CoxscoredadecisivevictoryoverSmithinhisfirstmajorvictoryoutsidetheUnitedStates.HisvictoryalsomarkedthefirsttimethatanAmericanhaswontheLondonTennisTournamentinoverfiftyyears.TheonlyotherAmericantowinitwasFredJacksonin1938.Coxwonthetournamentquicklyinthreesets.Hestartedoutplayingaggressively,andtheoverwhelmedSmithcouldnotkeepupwithitsoverpoweringserves.Coxtookhomethe$500,000cashprizeandSmithreceived$350,000.Whenaskedaboutthebigvictory,Coxstatedhejusthopestobeabletowinagaininnextmonth'stournamentsinParisandCopenhagen.

Intheworldofsoccer,CubaupsetGermany,lastyear'swinner,intheopeninggamesoftheInternationalSoccerCup.TheCubanteamwoninadifficultmatchthatlastedoverfivehours.Thematchwasintense,andtheirvictoryshockedmanywhobelievedthattheGermanteamcouldeasilydefeattherelativelyobscureCubanteam.TheGermancoach,noticeablydisappointedattheirfirstroundloss,toldreportersthathehopestotrainhisteamharderfornextyear'stournament.CubawillplayBrazilinthenextgametomorrow.Overjoyedattheirsurprisevictory,theyhopetocontinuethiswinningstreakandeventuallycapturethetournament.

(33)

A.Paris.B.Copenhagen.C.NewYork.D.London.

27.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

听力原文：KarlWilhelmRontgen(36)astoundedpeoplewiththefirstx-raysin1895;thiswas(37)ensuedthreeyearslaterbythediscoveryofradiumbyPierreandMadeCurie.Butwhowerethey?In1894,MarieandPierreCuriemetwhilestudyinginParis.Theirmarriageon25thJuly1895markedthestartofa(38)partnershipwhichwastoreceiveworldwiderecognition.

TheCuriesdiscoveredradium,a(39)radioactivesubstance,inuraniumoxideore.Theydevelopedtechniquesfor(40)extractingit,butfirstdidnotfullyunderstandits(41)properties.PierreCurieusedtocarryradiumaroundinhiswaistcoatpocketandcouldnotunderstandwhyhewasdevelopingamassive(42)soreonhischest.Thiswouldhavebeen(43)fatal,butPierre'slifewascutshortin1906whenhewasknockeddownandkilledbyahorsecartinthestreet.(44)Fromthenon,Mariedevotedherselftocompletingtheworkthattheyhadbeguntogether.

MadeandPierreCuriewereawardedajointNobelPrizein1904,followedupbyasecondoneforMadein1911.Theirresearchwascrucialinthedevelopmentofx-raysinsurgery.(45)DuringWorldWarIMarieCuriehelpedtoequipambulances,whichshedrovetothefrontlines,withx-rayequipment.TheInternationalRedCrossmadeherheadofitsRadiologicalServicesandsheheldtrainingcoursesformedicalorderliesanddoctorsinthenewtechniques.

(46)Despitehersuccess,MariefacedgreatoppositionfrommalescientistsinFranceandsheneverreceivedtherecognitionshedeserved.Shediedin1934fromleukaemia,duetoexposuretohigh-energyradiationusedinherresearch.Radiationhassincebeenusedtotreatcancerworldwide.

KarlWilhelmRontgen【B1】______peoplewiththefirstx-raysin1895;thiswas【B2】_____threeyearslaterbythediscoveryofradiumbyPierreandMarieCurie.Butwhowerethey?In1894,MarieandPierreCuriemetwhilestudyinginParis.Theirmarriageon25thJuly1895markedthestartofa【B3】______whichwastoreceiveworldwiderecognition.

TheCuriesdiscoveredradium,a【B4】______substance,inuraniumoxideore.Theydevelopedtechniquesfor【B5】it,butfirstdidnotfullyunderstandits【B6】______PierreCurieusedtocarryradiumaroundinhiswaistcoatpocketandcouldnotunderstandwhyhewasdevelopingamassive【B7】______onhischest.Thiswouldhavebeen【B8】______,butPierre'slifewascutshortin1906whenhewasknockeddownandkilledbyahorseandcartinthestreet.【B9】______.

MarieandPierreCuriewereawardedajointNobelPrizein1904,followedupbyasecondoneforMariein1911.Theirresearchwascrucialinthedevelopmentofx-raysinsurgery.【B10】______.TheInternationalRedCrossmadeherheadofitsRadiologicalServiceandsheheldtrainingcoursesformedicalorderliesanddoctorsinthenewtechniques.

【B11】______.Shediedin1934fromleukaemia,duetoexposuretohigh-energyradiationusedinherresearch.Radiationhassincebeenusedtotreatcancerworldwide.

【B1】

28.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

WaterprojectsintheUnitedStatesgainedanewprincipleinthe1930's.AndduringthistimethenationsuffereditsworsteconomicdepressionandtheGreatPlainsregionsuffereditsworst(36)______inrecordedhistory.Astheeconomy(37)______intoadeepdepressionand(38)______ratesincreased,thepoliticalclimatefordirectfederalgovernment(39)______inwaterprojectsimproved.PresidentFranklinRooseveh'sfirst100daysinofficebroughta(40)______ofnewlawstodealwiththe(41)______economicdepression.

ThenaturalpatternoftheTennesseeRiverwas(42)______bylargespringflowsthatproduced(43)______floodsandlowsummerflowsthatinhibitednavigation.(44)____________.

Tocounterthesenaturalobstacles,theTennesseeValleyAuthorityActof1933createdtheTennesseeValleyAuthority(TVA),apublicagencywithbroadpowerstopromotedevelopmentintheregion,includingtheauthoritytobuilddamsandreservoirsandtogenerateandsellhydroelectricpower.(45)____________.TheTVAinheritedtheWilsonDam,andbythebeginningoftheSecondWorldWarithadcompletedsixadditionalmultipurposedamswithpowerplantsandlocksfornavigation.InvestmentsindamsandhydropowerfacilitieswithintheTennesseeValleyalsoreceivedhighpriorityduringthewar.(46)____________.TheNIRAalsogavetheUnitedStatesPresidentunprecedentedpowerstoinitiatepublicworks,includingwaterprojects.

29.(16)

A.Theyshouldwaitpatiently.

B.Theyshouldaskthatmantoleave.

C.Theyshouldservethatmanimmediately.

D.Thatmanisoldenoughtoorderthingshelikes.

30.(29)

A.Amanandawomanshouldfolloweveryoftheirownimpulserespectively.

B.Agoodmarriagetakessomelevelofcompromisebetweenthehusbandandthewife.

C.Amanandawomanshouldbothhavetoenduredreadfulserf-sacrificeofthesoul.

D.Amanandawomanshouldstopgrowingorchanging.

31.听力原文：ThevolcanicashfromtheeruptionofMountSaintHelenscertainlycausedalotofdamages,didn'tit?Itdid,butnotasmuchasexpertshadpredicted.Itseemstohaveabeneficialeffectaswell.Really?Butwerecroplossesgreat?Yes.However,sincetheweatherfollowingtheeruptionswasunexpectedlygood,somecropyieldsremainedsteadyorevenincreasedbeyondnormalexpectancylevels.I'mgladtohearthat.Butwhatwasthebeneficialeffectyoumentioned?

Amassdestructionofvariousinsectpopulations.Howcouldtheashkillinsectswithoutaffectingpeopletoo?It'shighlyabrasiveandquicklywearsawaytheouterwaxlayerprotectinginsectbodies.Removalofthatlayercausestheinsectstolosebodymoisturebyevaporation.Theresultisusuallyfatal.Howaboutthat?Soundslikeaneffectiveyetnaturalinsecticide.

(30)

A.Theconversionofvolcanicwastetofertilizer.

B.ThemenaceofcurrentlydormantvolcanoesaroundMountSaintHelens.

C.TheeruptionofMountSaintHelensanditseffectsontheenvironment.

D.Theeliminationofvolcanicashbynaturalmeans.

32.【B7】

33.(26)

A.Confident.B.Shocked.C.Nervous.D.Reluctant.

34.

【B5】

35.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：ThereisastrangeareaintheAtlanticOceancalledtheBermudaTriangle.PeoplehavebeenfascinatedbytheBermudaTriangleforyears,becauseofthemysteriousdisappearanceofmanyshipsandplanesinthearea.Thereishardlyanyagreementaboutthecauseofthesedisappearance.Infact,itisdifficulttofindanyagreementabouttheboundariesofthearea.Whereasmostpeoplearguethatthetriangle'snorthernmostpointisBermuda,itswesternmostpointisFlorida,anditseasternpointisthecoastofAfrica,afewresearcherspreferthenorthernpointtobeintheBostonarea.

(27)

A.Money.B.Shipsandplanes.C.Florida.D.Trainsandcars.

36.听力原文：W:Dr.Weinstein,shouldparentslettheirchildrenwatchtelevisionorreadaboutthewar?

M:Ifparentsaregoingtolettheirkidsreadorwatchtelevisioncoverageofthewar,it'simportantforthemtoreadalongandhelptheirkidsinterpretwhatthey'rereadingorseeing.

Q:Whatshouldparentsdoiftheirchildrenwatchtelevisionorreadaboutthewar?

(16)

A.Toencouragethem.

B.Tostopthemimmediately,

C.Togivesomeexplanation.

D.Toleavethemalone.

37.(35)

A.PeopleknowalmostnothingaboutShakespeare'searlylife.

B.ShakespearewasalreadywellknownbeforehewenttoLondon.

C.PeopleknowalotaboutShakespeare'slifeinLondon.

D.PeopleknowonlyalittleaboutShakespeare'slifeinLondon.

38.

【B11】

39.(32)

A.Entertainment.

B.Socialadherence.

C.Communication.

D.Religiousritua

40.听力原文：M:SayPhil.Howaboutdonating$15or$20tothescholarshipfund?

W:IwishIcould.But$10isallIcanspare.

Q:WhatdidyoulearnaboutPhilandthescholarshipfund?

(18)

A.Sheaskedfor$15.

B.Shedonated$50.

C.Sherequested$20.

D.Shegave$10.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Thepassageimpliesthatthemassmediashould______.

A.providemorevaluableprogramssothatpeoplecanenjoytheminsparetime

B.strengthenitsrelationshipwiththepublicsothatthelattercangetinvolvedinit

C.developgoodrelationshipwithsocietysothatpeoplecanappreciateit

D.eradicatethepassiveinfluencethemediaexertsonsociallife

42.

Whatdoesthesentence"NextonthelistisTVstations"(lastparagraph)saidbyAnthonyDiclementemean?

A.WhatheisgoingtoanalyzenextisTVstations.

B.whatadvertisersprefertouseisTVstations.

C.TVstationisthenexttobedefeatedbyInternet.

D.HewouldchooseTVstationasasecondchoice.

43.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassage?

A.Crowshaverelativelylonglives.

B.Crowshavekeenvision.

C.Crowsareusuallysolitary.

D.Crowsareveryintelligent.

44.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Tofullyunderstandtheconceptofthe"PaperlessOffice",onemustunderstandwhatitconceptuallywassupposedtomean,aswellaswhatithasevolvedintoasitscurrentform.Earlyformsofthepaperlessofficewouldhaveconcentratedaroundwordprocessingdocumentsandtheabilitytocreate,storeandmanagetheirexistenceelectronically.However,youwerelimitedinscopeastowhatyoucoulddoto"manage"thesedocuments.Mostofthemanagementrevolvedaroundviewingandperhapssharingitwithotherusersintheorganization.Therewerenoautomatedprogramsthathandledworkflow,scanning,taggingandmanagementofthesedocumentseffectively.Scannerswere(atacost-effectiveprice)tooexpensivefortheaverageofficetoacquirebasedonthereturnoninvestment.Atthecorporatelevel,therewasnodirectionastohandleworkflowandtoanalyzewherepapercamefromandwhereithadtogointernallyandiftherewasaprocessinplace,thetoolswerenotmatureenoughorexistingtohandleit.

Inthelastfewyears,technology,hasfinallybeencatchinguptotheneedsandrequirementsoftheofficeenvironment.Scannersthatpreviouslycosttensofthousandsofdollarsnowcanbeacquiredforhundreds～Digitalcopiers/printersnowincorporatehighspeedscanningandOCRcapability,evenatthelowestlevels.ThetechnologyinitiativehasnowbeentransferredtotheITandMISdepartmentsofcorporationsaswellaslawfirms.Clearly,thetoolsnecessarytotransform.paper-fulltoapaperlessofficearenowwidelyavailable.Whatthen,isstoppingtheWidespreadadoptionoftheconceptofthepaperlessoffice?Culturalissuesareprobablyoneofthelargestobstructionstotheimplementationoftheconceptofthepaperlessoffice.Plainly,peoplefeelcomfortabledoingwhattheyknowhowtodobest(shufflepaperaround)andmodifyingtheirhabitsrequiresafocusthatmakesthemfeelthattheyare,infact,doingthingsbetterandmoreefficiently.Implementingapaperlessofficeenvironmentthatintroducesprocessesthataremoredifficultandtechnologicallychallengingthanthepreviousenvironmentisdoomedtofailfromthestart.Keepallprocessessimple,introducetechnologythatiseasytolearnanduse,anddocumenttheworkflow.

Whatdidtheearlyformsofpaperlessofficelackforefficientmanagement?

45.

TheInternetwas______.

A.mainlyusedintheacademecirclebeforeitfoundwideapplication

B.reallyasetof"communicationprotocols"beforewidelyapplied

C.restrictedtodomesticusersbeforeitfoundwideapplication

D.controlledbyacentralauthoritybeforewidelyapplied

46.

【C3】

47.

Why,accordingtotheauthor,isamansokeentojoininconversation?

A.Inordertoasserthissuperiority.

B.Inordertoprovethatheisarational,livingbeing.

C.Inordertocommunicateideaswhichheconsidersimportant.

D.Toprovethatheisnotaworthlessperson.

48.FreshwaterlifeitselfhasnevercomeeasyintheMiddleEast.EversinceTheOldTestament(旧约全书),Godpunishedmanwith40daysand40nightsofrain.Watersuppliesherehavebeendwindling.Therainfallonlycomesinwinteranddrainsquicklythroughthesemiaridland,leavingthesoiltobakeandtothirstfornextNovember.

Theregion'sacceleratingpopulation,expandingagriculture,industrialization,andhigherlivingstandardsdemandmorefreshwater.Droughtandpollutionlimititsavailability.Warandmismanagementwasteit.SaidJoyceStartoftheGlobalWaterSummitInitiative,basedinWashington,D.C."NationslikeIsraelandJordanareswiftlyslidingintothatzonewheretheyaresuingallthewaterresourcesavailabletothem.Theyhaveonly15to20yearsleftbeforetheiragriculture,andultimatelytheirfoodsecurity,isthreatened."

Icameheretoexaminethiscrisisinthemaking,toinvestigatefearsthat"waterwars"areimminent,thatwaterhasreplacedoilastheregion'smostcontentiouscommodity.FormorethantwomonthsItraveledthroughthreerivervalleysandsevennations--fromsouthernTurkeydowntheEuphratesRivertoSyria,Iraq,endontoKuwait;toIsraelendJordan,neighborsacrossthevalleyoftheJordan;tothetimelessEgyptianNile.

Evenamidthescarcitytherearehavesandhave-nots.ComparedwiththeUnitedStates,whichin1990hadfreshwaterpotentialof10,000cubicmeters(2.6milliongallons)ayearforeachcitizen,Iraqhad5,500,Turkeyhad4,000,andSyriahadmorethan2,800.Egypt'spotentialwasonly1,100.Israelhad460.Jordanhadameager260.Butthesearenotfirmfigures,becauseupstreamuseofriverwatercandramaticallyalterthepotentialdownstream.

Scarcityisonlyoneelementofthecrisis.Inefficiencyisanother,asisthereluctanceofsomewater-poornationstochangeprioritiesfromagriculturetolesswater-intensiveenterprises.Someexpertssuggestthatifnationswouldsharebothwatertechnologyendresources,theycouldsatisfytheregion'spopulation,currently159million.Butinthispatchworkofethnicandreligionsrivalries,waterseldomstandsaloneasanissue.Itisentangledinthepoliticsthatkeeppeoplefromfrostingandseekinghelpfromoneanother.Here,wherewater,liketruth,isprecious,eachnationtendstofinditsownwaterendsupplyitsowntruth.

AsIsraelihydrologyprofessorUriShamirtoldme:"Ifthereispoliticalwillforpeace,waterwillnotbeahindrance.Ifyouwantreasonstofight,waterwillnotbeahindrance.Ifyouwantreasonstofight,waterwillgiveyouampleopportunities."

Whydoestheauthorusethephrase"fornextNovember"(Line3,Para.1)?

A.AccordingtotheOldTestamentfreshwaterisavailableonlyinNovember.

B.RainfallcomesonlyinwinterstartingfromNovember.

C.RunningwatersystemswillnotbereadyuntilnextNovember.

D.ItisacustominthatregionthatirrigationtocropsisdoneonlyinNovember.

49.

Theword"seductions"(Line1,Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto"______".

A.effortstoconquer

B.attemptstowinover

C.exertionstoUnderstand

D.endeavorstoincreaseprofits

50.

WhywerethescientistswhosaidNewton'sideashaddelayedthescientificprogresswrong?

51.

RegardingtheprogramdevelopedbyDr.Manmatha,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Itisstillinprocessingandlotsofdifficultieshavenotbeenresolved.

B.Itsaccuracyisstillunsatisfactoryandimprovementisneeded.

C.ItishardfortheprogramtoidentifyWashington'spapers.

D.Itcanlearnfromthesuccessofvoicerecognitionsoftware.

52.AccordingNicolasdiTada,thedifficultpartofworkfor4636Haitianoperationis______.

53.(58)

54.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Awell-establisheddistinctioninmemorytheoryisthatbetweenshort-termandlong-termmemory.Theformerreferstoourabilitytodosuchthingsasremembertelephonenumberslongenoughtodialthem;thelatterconcernsthewiderangeofwaysinwhichexperiencescanaffectbehavior.manyyearslater.Giventhetwodifferentkindsofability,itisreasonabletohypothesizethateachisrepresenteddifferently,inthebrain.Anexperimentwasdesignedtotestthehypothesisthatlong-termmemoryimpliesachemicalchangeinthebraincellswhileshort-termmemoryinvolvespatternsofimpulsesincircuitsofnervecells.

Onegroupofratsweretaughttorunthroughamaze.Fiveminutesafterlearningthetask,theywerecooledto5℃,thetemperatureatwhichallelectricalactivityinthebrainceases.Theywerethenkeptatthistemperaturefor15minutesbeforebeingallowedtoreturntotheirnormaltemperature.Theywerethenrunthroughthemaze,again.

Asecondgroupof