2022-2023年安徽省池州市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2022-2023年安徽省池州市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Withoutthehostprocessor,acardholdercannotwithdrawmoneyfromanATM.

2.

Thesurveysuggeststhatrecenthighschoolgraduateslackskillslikeshowingrespectforothers,______.

3.ClimateChange

Scientistspredictincreasingdroughts,floodsandextremeweatherandsaythereisgrowingevidencethathumanactivitiesaretoblame.

WhatIsClimateChange?

Theplanet'sclimateisconstantlychanging.Theglobalaveragetemperatureiscurrentlyintheregionof15℃.Geologicalandotherevidencesuggeststhat,inthepast,thisaveragemayhavebeenashighas27℃andaslowas7℃.

Butscientistsareconcernedthatthenaturalfluctuation(波动)hasbeenovertakenbyarapidhuman-inducedwarmingthathasseriousimplicationsforthestabilityoftheclimateonwhichmuchlifeontheplanetdepends.

WhatIsthe"GreenhouseEffect"?

ThegreenhouseeffectreferstotheroleplayedbygaseswhicheffectivelytrapenergyfromtheSunintheEarth'satmosphere.Withoutthem,theplanetwouldbetoocoldtosustainlifeasweknowit.

Themostimportantofthesegasesinthenaturalgreenhouseeffectiswatervapor,butconcentrationsofthatarechanginglittleanditplaysalmostnoroleinmodernhuman-inducedgreenhousewarming.

Othergreenhousegasesincludecarbondioxide,methane(甲烷)andnitrous(含氮的)oxide,whicharcreleasedbymodernindustry,agricultureandtheburningoffossilfuels.Theirconcentrationintheatmosphereisincreasing-theconcentrationofcarbondioxidehasrisenbymorethan30%since1800.

ThemajorityofclimatescientistsacceptthetheorythatanincreaseinthesegaseswillcauseariseintheEarth'stemperature.

WhatIstheEvidenceofWarming?

Temperaturerecordsgobacktothelate19thcenturyandshowthattheglobalaveragetemperatureincreasedbyabout0.6℃inthe20thcentury.

Sealevelshaverisen10～20cm-thoughttobecausedmainlybytheexpansionofwarmingoceans.

MostglaciersintemperateregionsoftheworldandalongtheAntarcticPeninsulaareinretreat,andrecordsshowArcticsea-icehasthinnedby40%inrecentdecadesinsummerandautumn.

Thereareanomalies(异常)however-partsoftheAntarcticappeartobegettingcolder,andtherearediscrepanciesbetweentrendsinsurfacetemperaturesandthoseinthetroposphere(对流层)(thelowerportionoftheatmosphere).

HowMuchWillTemperaturesRise?

Ifnothingisdonetoreduceemissions,currentclimatemodelspredictaglobaltemperatureincreaseof1.4～5.8℃by2100.

Evenifwecutgreenhousegasemissionsdramaticallynow,scientistssaytheeffectswouldcontinuebecausepartsoftheclimatesystem,particularlylargebodiesofwaterandice,cantakehundredsofyearstorespondtochangesintemperature.Italsotakesgreenhousegasesintheatmospheredecadestobreakdown.

Itispossiblethatwehavealreadyirrevocably(不可撤回地)committedtheGreenlandicesheettomelting,whichwouldcauseanestimated7mriseinsealevel.TherearealsoindicationsthatthewestAntarcticicesheetmayhavebeguntomelt,thoughscientistscautionfurtherresearchisnecessary.

HowWilltheWeatherChange?

Globally,wecanexpectmoreextremeweatherevents,withheatwavesbecominghotterandmorefrequent.Scientistspredictmorerainfalloverall,butsaytheriskofdroughtininlandareasduringhotsummerswillincrease.Morefloodingisexpectedfromstormsandrisingsealevels.

Thereare,however,likelytobeverystrongregionalvariationsinthesepatterns,andthesearedifficulttopredict.

WhatWilltheEffectsBe?

Thepotentialimpactishuge,withpredictedfreshwatershortages,sweepingchangesinfoodproductionconditions,andincreasesindeathsfromfloods,storms,heatwavesanddroughts.Poorercountries,whichareleastequippedtodealwithrapidchange,willsuffermost.

Plantandanimalex

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Accordingtotheinformationwegetin"ComeWhatMay:HandlingtheGardenVarietyComputerCrisis",whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

A.SystemscrashcanalsohobbleyourPC

B.Kids"rearranging"datamaydestroyyourinformation.

C.Adultsinadvertentlydeletingfileswillleadtoaninformationdestruction.

D.Onlyphysicaldisastercandamageyourcomputer.

5.

Altogetherthereare______mechanismsessentialtothemaintenanceofhealth.

6.

Insituationsofarmedconflicts,ethnicorreligiousviolence,civiliansintheAndeanregionwhodon'twanttojointhe"right"sideareforcedtoleavetheir______home.

7.

Accordingtotheconventionaldefinition,ifan_________________lastsformorethansixmonths,itcanbecalledarecession.

8.

VirtuallyallpatientschoosetotoleratesideeffectswhenconfrontedwiththechoicebetweendyingfromHIV-AIDSandsideeffects.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.Accordingtoahoaxannouncement,theTacoBellCorporationboughttheLibertyBellandmovedittoIrvinetohelp______.

10.

Toimproveyouroutput,you'dbettercreateastandardforyouroutputandaredeterminedtoovertakeit

11.TimeintheAnimalMind

Humansareborntimetravelers.Wemaynotbeabletosendourbodiesintothepastorthefuture,atleastnotyet,butwecansendourminds.Wecanreliveeventsthathappenedlongagoorimagineourselvesinthefuture.Newstudiessuggestthatthetwodirectionsoftimetravelareintimatelytwistedtogetherinthehumanbrain.Butsomeexpertsonanimalbehavior.donotthinkweareuniqueinthisrespect.Theypointtoseveralrecentexperimentssuggestingthatanimalscanvisitthepastandfutureaswell.

Thefirstcluesaboutthetwistsandturnsofmentaltimetravelcamefrompeoplewithcertainbraininjuriesthatcausedthemtoforgetautobiographicaldetailswithoutforgettingtheinformationtheyhadpickedupalongtheway.AmanknownasK.C.,forinstance,couldplaychesswithnomemoryofhavingeverplayedit.K.C.couldremembersentencespsychologiststaughthimwithoutanymemoryofthelessons.K.C.hadlostwhatpsychologistsnowcallepisodicmemory.EndelTulving,aCanadianpsychologist,definedepisodicmemoryastheabilitytorecallthedetailsofpersonalexperiences:whathappened,whereithappened,whenithappenedandsoon.Dr.Tulvingarguedthatepisodicmemorywasdistinctfromotherkindsofmemorythatdidnotinvolvepersonalexperience.Peoplecanrememberhowtogettoasubwaystop,forexample,withoutrecallingthefirsttimetheywerethere.

Episodicmemorywasalsouniquetoourspecies,Dr.Tulvingmaintained.Foronething,hearguedthatepisodicmemoryrequiredself-awareness.Youcan'trememberyourselfifyoudon'tknowyouexist.Healsoarguedthattherewasnoevidenceanimalscouldrecollectexperiences,evenifthoseexperiencesleftanimpressiononthem.

Manyanimalbehavior.expertsagreedwithDr.Tulving,eventhoughtheyhadnotactuallyrunexperimentstestingtheidea.ButwhenNicolaClayton,acomparativepsychologist,firstheardabouttheclaim,shehadadifferentreaction.Dr.Claytonbegantotestwesternscrubjays(灌丛鸦)toseeiftheymetanyofthecriteriaforepisodicmemory.Thejayscanhideseveralthousandpiecesoffoodeachyearandrememberthelocationofeachone.Dr.Claytonwonderedifscrubjayssimplyrememberedlocations,oriftheyrememberedtheexperienceofhidingthefood.

Sherananexperimentusingtwokindsoffood:mothlarvae(幼虫)andpeanuts.Scrubjayspreferlarvaetopeanutswhilethelarvaearestillfresh.Whenthelarvaearedeadforafewhours,thejayspreferpeanuts.Dr.Claytongavethebirdsachancetohidebothkindsoffoodandthenputtheminanothercage.Shelaterreturnedthebirdstotheirhiding-places,insomecasesafterfour,hoursandinothercasesafterfivedays.Thetimethescrubjaysspentawayfromtheircacheshadabigeffectonthetypeoffoodtheylookedfor.Thebirdsthatwaitedfourhourstendedtodiguplarvae,andthebirdsthathadtowaitforfivedayspassedthelarvaebyandduguppeanutsinstead.

In1998,Dr.Claytonandhercolleaguespublishedtheresultsoftheirexperiment,declaringthatscrubjaysmetthestandardsfor"episodic-like"memory.OtherscientistshavefollowedDr.Clayton'sleadandhavesearchedforsignsofepisodic-likememoryinetheranimals.Whenratsareexploringamaze,forexample,theyseemtobeabletorecallwhichkindsoffoodtheyencounteredalongtheway.Hummingbirds(蜂鸟)seemtorememberwhereandwhentheyvisitedindividualflowersfornectar.Rhesusmonkeys(恒河猴)canrememberwheretheyputfood,butnothowlongagotheyputitthere.

Someresearchershavenotbeenpersuadedbythesestudies,however."Animalsseemtobelivingverymuchinthepresent,"saidThomasSuddendorf,acomparativepsychologistattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia.Dr.Suddendorfarguesthatascrubjaycouldremembertypeof

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Thegrass-fed-beefburgersintheYaleSustainableFoodProjecthavebeenboughtfrom______.

13.

Policemen,firemenandemergencydoctorsallcanbecalledfirstresponders.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

"WhatGianniAgnelliofFiatwastoItaly"referredinthepassageimplies______.

A.Mr.Tata'suncleisimportanttoIndia

B.TataAirlinesisimportanttoIndia

C.Mr.Tata'suncleisdispensabletoIndia

D.TataAirlinesisdispensabletoIndia

15.

Yaleiscomposedof______colleges.

16.

Besidesthefeatureof"doingmorewithless",thesphericalstructureofdomecanalsoallownatural______withoutobstruction.

17.

Theincreasinglengthofnightisthemoststablefactoramongalltheenvironmentalinfluencesonleaveschange.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

ResearchesinthewildfieldevaluatingthetwomostcommonBtcornplantsshowedthatthetoxinabsorbedwastoo______.

19.

Coke'sadvertisingonceshowedayoungmandrawingaglassofCokefromoneofthecrockeryurnsthenusedto______.

20.

Roboticsisatechnology______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(25)

A.September13th.

B.September12th.

C.October13th.

D.October12th.

22.

【B2】

23.(44)

24.

【B10】

25.听力原文：M:IheardPerfectElectronicsisgoingtoholdinterviewsoncampusnextweek,

W:Yes,onwhatday?I'dliketotalktothemanddropoffmyresume.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?

(14)

A.GetajobonCampus.

B.Takeanelectronicscompany.

C.Visittheelectronicscompany.

D.Applyforajobwiththeelectronicscompany.

26.听力原文：Asatradition,workersincompaniesarealwaysrequiredtowearsuitsandfie,butaccordingtoaseniorgovernmentofficial,Thailandistoaskworkerstostopwearingsuitsaspartofthecountry'slatestmeasuretoconserveenergy.Thisistheideaofthenewgovernment,becauseThailandisatropicalcountryandair-conditionershavebeenusedverycommonly,whichconsumealargeamountofenergy,butiftheworkersturnedupinshirtsleeves,theywouldn'tneedair-conditionersturnedupsohigh.Atitsweeklymeeting,thecabinetpassedaresolutionaskingallpublicservantsnottowearjacketsandurgingprivateemployeestodothesame.Thishasalreadybeenpractisedbythegovernment.Atarecentmeeting,onlyfourofsixair-conditionersinthecabinetroomhadbeenturnedon.Oneofthegovernmentofficialssays,"Initiallyitwasnothotintheroom,butifameetinglastsalongtime,thetemperaturemightneedtobeloweredabit."

(31)

A.NewFashioninThailand.

B.HowtoUseAir-conditionerwisely.

C.ANewWaytoSaveEnergy.

D.Air-conditionerinThailand.

27.(24)

A.Theymayhavetoobeycertainhousingrules.

B.Adepositmayberequiredtorentanapartment.

C.Apartmentsareverylimitedoncampus.

D.Theyhavetodothehouseworkthemselves.

28.

【B3】

29.

【B9】

30.听力原文：M:Canyoulendmeyourhistorybook?Ileftmineinthedininghall.AnditwasmissingwhenIwenthackforit.

W:Oh!Thathappenedtomeonce.I'dalmostgivenuponfindingituntilIclaimeditatthelost-and-foundattheinformationdeskattheentrance.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimplyaboutthemanshoulddo?

(13)

A.Gotocheckthedininghallagain.

B.Borrowherbook.

C.Askaboutthebookattheinformationdesk.

D.Buyanewone.

31.(14)

A.Atthedentist's.

B.Atagrocery.

C.Atalawyer's.

D.Atapsychiatrist's.

32.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Toooftenyoungpeoplegetthemselvesemployedquitebyaccident,notknowingwhatliesinthewayofopportunityforpromotion,happinessandsecurity.Asaresult,theyareemployeddoingjobsthataffordthemalittleornosatisfaction.Ourschoolgraduatesfacesomuchcompetitionthattheyseldomcarewhattheydosolongastheycanearnaliving.Somestaylongata.jobandlearntolikeit,othersmovefromonejobtoanotherlookingforsomethingtosuitthem.Theyounggraduateswholeavetheuniversitylookforjobsthatofferasalaryuptotheirexpectations.Veryfewgooutintotheworldknowingexactlywhattheywantandrealizingtheirownabilities.Thereasondehindallthisconfusionisthatthereneverhasbeenapropervocationalguidanceinoureducationalinstitutions.Nearlyallgropeinthedarkandtheirchiefconcernwhentheylookforajobistoaskwhatthesalaryislike.Theyneverbothertothinkwhethertheyaresuitedforthejobor,evenmoreimportant,whetherthejobsuitsthem.Havingajobismorethanmerelyprovidingyourselfandyourdependentswithdailybreadandsomemoneyforleisureandentertainment.Itsetsapatternoflifeand,inmanyways,determinessocialstatusinlife,selectionoffriends,leisureandinterests.

Inchoosingacareeryoushouldfirstconsiderthetypeofworkwhichwillsuityourinterests.Nothingismoresadthantakingonajobinwhichyouhavenointerest,foritwillnotonlydiscourageyourdesiretosucceedinlifebutalsowasteyourtalentsandultimatelymakeyouanemotionalwreckandabitterperson.

(27)

A.Becausetheywanttoearnhighsalary.

B.Becauseschoolsdonotteachstudentshowtochoosejobs.

C.Becausetherehasbeenseverecompetitioninthejobmarket.

D.Becausetheyhavenoworkingexperience.

33.【B6】

34.听力原文：W:Weshouldprobablyhittheroad.It'sgoingtotakeustwohourstodrivehome.Otherwise,wecouldn'tmakeitbeforemidnight.

M:You'reright.I'llsaygoodbyetoMichaelandthankhimforthetreat.

Q:Whatcanweinferaboutthetwospeakersfromtheconversation?

(12)

A.TheyareatMichael's.

B.TheywilltreatMichael.

C.TheyaregoingtoMichael's.

D.Theywillgohomebysubway.

35.

【B8】

36.(32)

A.Around1600.B.Around1700.C.Around1800.D.Around1900.

37.听力原文：M:Hello.ThisisThomasWilliam.I'mcallingtoseeifmybloodtestresultsarein.

W:Dr.Walkerjustsentthemtothelabthismorning,sotheearliesttheycouldbebackistomorrow.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(19)

A.Theresultsmightbereadytomorrow.

B.Themanneedsanotherbloodtesttomorrow.

C.Thebloodisbeingtestednowinthelab.

D.Thedoctorwillbebacktomorrow.

38.听力原文：M:Idon'tenjoydatinganymore.Ican'tseemtofindanyoneIhaveanythingincommonwith.

W:Don'tfeeldiscouraged.Bepatient.Asyouaresodistinguished,youwilldefinitelyfindtherightpersonwhoisrightforyou.

M:Totellyouthetruth,Iamtiredofbeingalone,IhopetofindmyMrs.Right.WhatshouldIdo?

W:DoyoubelieveinInternetmatchmakingservice?

M:That'sreallyanewwalkoflife.Whatisitexactly?

W:Ithelpsmatchupsinglestheworldover,andhelpsfindthemanandwomanoftheirdreams.

M:Oh,itmustbetothetasteofacertaingroupofpeople.

W:TheadvertisementsaidDreamDateshasmatchedupthousandsofsinglestheworldover!

M:Unbelievable!Theymustbeexaggeratingthefigure!

W:Lookatthewaytheymanagetheirbusiness:theycollectapplicants'photos,andgivetheapplicantsquestionnairestofilloutastowhattypeofcharactertheyare.

M:Idon'tbelieveseveralquestionscandecidethetypeofpersonyou're,People'scharactersarecomplicatedandkeepchangingallthetime.

W:Anyway,itseemsthatthingsworkwellthisway.Theinformationandspecificationswillbeenteredinalargecomputerdatabase.

M:Acomputertodecideyourbestdate?That'sreallyridiculous!

W:Look,itpromises:DreamDatesprovidesexpertdatingserviceandaplaceforsinglestomeet,We'llintroduceyoutothepersonuniquelyqualifiedtobeyourpartner.

M:Sheerslogans!Notreliable!

W:Itsaysyoucanenrollinafreetrialmembership!

M:Iwon'tdoiteventheypaymeforthat!

W:Well,wedon'thavetobelievethis.MaybeIcantellJohnandseewhetherhe'dliketotryit.

(26)

A.Warmerclothes.

B.Moreaggressiveclothes,

C.Brightercolorsofclothes.

D.Morecasualclothes.

39.听力原文：Goodevening.Iknowmanyofyoustudentsaretheproudownersofyourfirstmotorvehicle,andthiseveningIwanttotalktoyouaboutsomeofthethingsyoucandotomakesureyourcarormotorbikeisn'tstolen.Iwillstartwithafewfactsandfigurestoputyouinthepicture.Cartheftisawidespreadproblem.Inthiscountryaloneonecarisstolenevery32seconds.That'salmostamillioncarseachyear.Andofthose,40%areneverrecovered.Anddon'tthinkthatjustbecauseyourcarmightbeabitoldandbeaten-uplookingnoonewillstealit.Anycarcanbestolen.Anywhere.

Mosttheftsoccurinresidentialareas,ofteninfrontofthehouseorevenfrominsidethegarage.Someareasthatareespeciallydangerousareshoppingcentersandparkinglots,particularlyatsportsevents.

Mostcarthievesdon'tneedtobreakintothecar.Theyusuallygainentrythroughunlockeddoorsandmanytimestheyfindthekeyintheignition.Infact,oneinfivestolencarshadthekeysleftinthecar.Isn'tthatamazing?Twentypercentofdriversleftthekeysintheignitionofanunlockedcar!

Whostealscars?Well,therearebasicallytwokindsofcarorbikethieves:joyridersagedabout15to21,andprofessionals.Thislastgroupusuallyneedslessthanoneminutetobreakintoalockedcarandtheyoftenstealcarstouseinothercrimessuchasrobberies.Youaremuchlesslikelytogetyourcarbackifit'sstolenbyaprofessional,andifit'sstolenbyajoyriderchancesareit'llbeawreckwhenyoudogetitback.Joyridershaveaveryhighaccidentrate.

(33)

A.Almostonemillion.

B.About600thousand.

C.Nearly400thousand.'

D.Approximately200thousand.

40.(29)

A.Howtosew.

B.Howtopaint.

C.Howtotakephotos.

D.Howtocook.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

【C9】

42.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsocceristrue?

A.Insoccerandbasketball,theethnictideisdifferent.

B.Untilrecently,soccerbecomesanimportantgame,somanynativeAmericansplayit.

C.Itisthemostpopulargameintheworld,somanyAmericancitizenstakeupit.

D.Althoughsocceristhemostpopulargameintheworld,Americancitizensinlargenumbersdonotlikeitfirst.

43.

Howmanyinventionsanddiscoveriesmadebymanarementionedinthepassage?

44.

Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectare______thanitsphysicalaspectsinthattheyhelpusadaptourbehavior.totheworldsurroundingus.

45.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Thatexperiencesinfluencesubsequentbehavior.isevidenceofanobviousbutneverthelessremarkableactivitycalledremembering.Learningcouldnotoccurwithout,thefunctionpopularlynamedmemory.Constantpracticehassuchaneffectonmemoryastoleadtoskilfulperformanceonthepiano,torecitationofapoem,andeventoreadingandunderstandingthesewords.So-calledintelligentbehavior.demandsmemory,rememberingbeingaprimaryrequirementforreasoning.Theabilitytosolveanyproblemoreventorecognizethataproblemexistsdependsonmemory.Typically,thedecisiontocrossastreetisbasedonrememberingmanyearlierexperiences.

Practice(orreview)tendstobuildandmaintainmemoryforataskorforanylearnedmaterial.Overaperiodofnopracticewhathasbeenlearnedtendstobeforgotten;andtheadaptiveconsequencesmaynotseemobvious.Yet,dramaticinstancesofsuddenforgettingcanbeseentobeadaptive.Inthissense,theabilitytoforgetcanbeinterpretedtohavesurvivedthroughaprocessofnaturalselectioninanimals.Indeed,whenone'smemoryofanemotionallypainfulexperienceleadstoseriousanxiety,forgetting.mayproducerelief.Nevertheless,anevolutionaryinterpretationmightmakeitdifficulttounderstandhowthecommonlygradualprocessofforgettingsurvivednaturalselection.

Inthinkingabouttheevolutionofmemorytogetherwithallitspossibleaspects,itishelpfultoconsiderwhat.wouldhappenifmemoriesfailedtofade.Forgettingclearlyaidsorientationintime,sinceoldmemoriesweakenandthenewtendtostandout,providingcluesforinferringduration.Withoutforgetting,adaptiveabilitywouldsuffer,forexample,learnedbehavior.thatmighthavebeencorrectadecadeagomaynolongerbe.Casesarerecordedofpeoplewho(byordinarystandards)forgotsolittlethattheireverydayactivitieswerefullofconfusion.Thisforgettingseemstoservethatsurvivaloftheindividualandthespecies.

Anotherlineofthoughtassumesamemorystoragesystemoflimitedcapacitythatprovidesadaptiveflexibilityspecificallythroughforgetting.Intiffsview,continualadjustmentsaremadebetweenlearningormemorystorage(input)andforgetting(output).Indeed,thereisevidencethatthe.rateatwhichindividualsforgetsisdirectlyrelatedtohowmuchtheyhavelearned.Suchdataoffersgrosssupportofcontemporarymodelsofmemorythatassumeaninput-outputbalance.

Fromtheevolutionarypointofview.

A.forgettingforlackofpracticetendstobeobviouslyinadaptive

B.ifapersongetsveryforgetfulallofasuddenhemustbeveryadaptive

C.thegradualprocessofforgettingisanindicationofanindividual'sadaptability

D.suddenforgettingmaybringaboutadaptiveconsequences

46.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Surgeonswillsoonbeabletoentertheeyetocarryoutoperations—atleastinavirtualsense.Techniquesderivedfromvirtualreality—thecomputersystemthatimmersesoperationsinanartificialcomputergeneratedworld—willallowsurgeonstofeelasifhecouldseetheinsideoftheeyeduringanoperation,creatingtheillusionthattheyareactuallythere.

ResearchersattheBioroboticsLaboratoryofMcGillUniversityinMontrealarebuildingarobot,knownasMicroSurgeryRobotI(MSR1forshort),thatwillperform.delicateoperationsunderthecontrolofahumansurgeon.Therobotisspecificallydesignedforperformingeyesurgerybutcouldhaveotherapplications,suchastheremovalofbraintumors.Thesystemcouldalsobeusedtoallowsurgeonsandtheirstudentstopracticesimulatedsurgerythatfeelsliketherealthing—withouttherealconsequencesforthepatients.

Duringtheoperations,thesurgeonmanipulatesasetofcontrolknownasthemaster.Theseareconnectedthroughahighperformancecomputertotherobot.Boththemasterandtherobothavetwolimbs.Whenthesurgeonmovesthemaster'slimbs,therobot'slimbsmoveinexactlythesameway,exceptthatthemovementscanbescaleddownasmuchasathousandtimes.Thiswilleliminatehandtremorandpooraccuracyandthusreducethedamagetotheeyethatcanoccurwithpresenttechniques.Eachoftherobot'slimbshasaminimummovementofonemicrometer—morethanonehundredtimestheprecisionofthehumanhand.

Thecomputeralsocreatesathreedimensionalrobot'seyeviewoftheinsideoftheeyethatthesurgeoncanseebywearingavirtualrealityhelmetthathasasmalllensinfrontofeacheye.

Toprovidethesurgeonwithsucharealisticexperience,MSRImustbeabletomoverapidly,butthisrequiresextremelyfastcomputing.Tohandlethecomputationaldemandsofinstantinteraction,theMcGillteamisconstructingitsownparallelprocessingcomputer.Itisalsostudyingareassuchasmusclemechanism,artificialintelligenceandoptics,andhasalreadybuiltanothermicrorobot,MR1,capableofmanipulatingasinglelivingcell.

Althoughcommercialapplicationsofthenewsystemarenotexpectedforseveralyears,itsbasicmechanicalcomponentswillbereadyfortestinginafewmonths."Thedaywhenmicrorobotswillbeabletoperform.surgerywithouthumaninterventionismanyyearsaway,"saysHunter,"inthemeantime,asystemsuchasMRS1isanecessaryprecursor,"

Thesocalled"virtualreality"mentionedinthesecondsentenceofthepassageisactually______.

47.

Whatdoesthefactthatthesnailshellswerelocatedfarfromwheretheyoriginallyweresuggest?

48.

Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust______.

49.

Whatdoesadvertisingdowiththeproductswealreadyknowabout?

A.Tointroducetheirnewfunctions.

B.Tocomparethemwithnewproductsofthesamesort.

C.Totellthattheyarestillavailable.

D.Tocorrectanyimpropriateinformationaboutthem.

50.

Asampleofapopulationisoftenexaminedforthefollowingpurposesexcept______.

A.tomakeamoreaccuratepredictionoftrend

B.toimproveefficiencyandavoidunnecessarywork

C.tosavethetroubleofapproachingeverymember

D.topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation

51.

Aboutthevocabularies,theauthorbelievedthatlanguages,whethercivilizedornot,have______.

A.grammaticalstructures

B.anabilitytotransferideas

C.theirownsoundpatterns

D.thepotentialforexpandingvocabulary

52.

Thepassagesays:Whenyouhandletheinterviewwithconfidence,thejobwilltakecareofitself.Whatdoestheitalicizedpartofthesentencemean?

A.Thejobhastobedonecarefully.

B.Thejobwillchooseyou.

C.Youwillencounterthechance.

D.Youaretotakecareofthejob.

53.

Themainpurposeoft