上海英语高考试题

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）

英语

第I卷（共105分）

I.ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InsectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwo

speakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.

Theconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouheara

conversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,

anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.Abasketballplayer.B.Alaundryworker.

C.Awindowwasher.D.Arockclimber

2.A.Sheisnothungry.B.Shewantstocook.

C.Sheisnottired.D.Shewantstodineout.

3.A.Promising.B.IsolatedC.Crowded.D.Modern

4.A.Toastationeryshop.B.Toagymnasium.

C.Toapaintstore.D.Toanewsstand.

5.A.Themancanseeadifferentview.B.Thefoodisnottastyenough.

C.Themancannotaffordthefood.D.Thefoodisworththeprice.

6.A.Shereadsdifferentkindsofbooks.

B.Shealsofindsthebookdifficulttoread.

C.Sheisimpressedbythecharacters.

D.Sheknowswellhowtoremembernames.

7.A.Themanwillgotothepostoffice.

B.Thepostofficeisclosedfortheday.

C.Thewomanisexpectingthenewspaper.

D.Thedeliveryboyhasbeendismissed.

8.A.Sheisnotsureifshecanjointhem.

B.Shewillskiptheclasstoseethefilm.

C.Shewillasktheprofessorforleave.

D.Shedoesnotwanttoseeafilm.

9.A.Fashiondesigningisaboomingbusiness.

B.Schoollearningisamustforfashiondesigners.

C.Hehopestoattendagoodfashionschool.

D.Thewomanshouldbecomeafashiondesigner.

10.A.Fewpeopledrivewithinthespeedlimit.

B.Driversusuallyobeytrafficrules.

C.Thespeedlimitisreallyreasonable.

D.Thepolicestopmostdriversforspeeding

SectionB

Directions:InsectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeasked

threequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossible

answersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestion

youhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.Abookpublisher.B.Acompanymanager.

C.Amagazineeditor.D.Aschoolprincipal.

12.A.Sometrainingexperience.B.Ahappyfamily.

C.Russianassistants*help.D.Agoodmemory.

13.A.Lynn'sdevotiontothefamily.B.Lynn'sbusyandsuccessfullife.

C.Lynn'sgreatperformanceatwork.D.Lynn'sefficiencyinconductingprograms.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Economicquestions.B.Routinequestions.

C.Academicquestions.D.Challengingquestions.

15.A.Workexperience.B.Educationalqualifications.

C.Problem-solvingabilities.D.Information-gatheringabilities.

16.A.Featuresofdifferenttypesofinterview.

B.Skillsinaskinginterviewquestions.

C.Changesinthreeinterviewmodels.

D.Suggestionsfordifferentjobinterviews.

SectionC

Directions:InsectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversations

willbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthe

numberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyour

answersheet.

Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.

LatestConferenceInformation

Date:8th_17_

Place:Palace_18—,Shanghai

Registrationfee:$_19_

Speaker:CarlaMariscofromMilanUniversity

Speechtopic:OpportunitiesandRisksinthe_20_Market

Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

AnInterviewwithDavid,aSkateboarding（滑板运动）Lover

WhatwasDavid'sschoolworklike?Hewasabletogethisschoolwork

done_21_.

WhatwashisonlyproblematHewasunableto_22—inclass.

school?

WhydidhesaythenewheadmasterHeletstudents_23_oftheirown.

waswonderful?

HowwashisnewstyledifferentItwasrobot-like,with_24—.

fromotherskaters?

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked

A,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

25.一I'mlookingforanearbyplaceformyholiday.Anygoodideas?

一HowabouttheMoonLake?Itiseasyreachofthecity.

A.byB.beyondC.withinD.from

26.Thosewhosmokeheavilyshouldremindofhealth,thebadsmell

andthefeelingsofotherpeople.

A.theirsB.themC.themselvesD.oneself

27.Bobcalledtotellhismotherthathecouldn'tenterthehouse,forhe

hiskeyatschool.

A.hadleftB.wouldleaveC.wasleavingD.hasleft

28.It'saclock,madeofbrassanddatingfromthenineteenthcentury.

A.charmingFrenchsmallB.Frenchsmallcharming

C.smallFrenchcharmingD.charmingsmallFrench

29.Theschoolboardismadeupofparentswhotomakedecisionsabout

schoolaffairs.

A.hadbeenelectedB.hadelected

C.havebeenelectedD.haveelected

30.Theypromisedtodevelopasoftwarepackagebytheendofthisyear,

theymighthave.

A.howeverdifficultB.howdifficult

C.whateverdifficultyD.whatdifficulty

31.Thejudgesgavenohintofwhattheythought,soIlefttheroomreally.

A.tobeworriedB.toworryC.havingworriedD.worried

32.Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunitysociety

forreal-lifeexperience.

A.exploreB.toexploreC.exploringD.explored

33.Ihavenoideathecellphoneisn'tworking,socouldyoufixitfor

me?

A.whatB.whyC.ifD.which

34.Youngpeoplemayriskdeafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusic

everyday.

A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone

35.Sophiagotane-mailhercreditcardaccountnumber.

A.askingforB.askforC.askedforD.havingaskedfor

36.1cannotheartheprofessorclearlyasthereistoomuchnoiseIamsitting.

A.beforeB.untilC.unlessD.where

37.atthephotos,illustrations,titleandheadingsandyoucanguesswhat

thereadingisabout.

A.TolookB.LookingC.HavinglookedD.Look

38.Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea

interactwithoneanother.

A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what

39.Amongthecrisesthatfacehumansthelackofnaturalresources.

A.isB.areC.isthereD.arethere

40.Somepeoplecaremuchabouttheirappearanceandalwaysaskiftheylookfine

intheyarewearing.

A.thatB.whatC.howD.which

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Each

wordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.(324

words)

A.restoreB.recallC.processingD.previouslyE.necessary

F.locatingG.insteadH.fascinatingI.elsewhereJ.composition

Asinfants,wecanrecognizeourmotherswithinhoursofbirth.Infact,wecan

recognizethe41ofourmother'sfacewellbeforewecanrecognizeherbodyshape.

It's42howthebraincancarryoutsuchafunctionatsuchayoungage,especially

sincewedon'tlearntowalkandtalkuntilweareoverayearold.Bythetimeweare

adults,wehavetheabilitytodistinguisharound100,000faces.Howcanweremember

somanyfaceswhenmanyofusfinditdifficultto43suchasimplethingasa

phonenumber?Theexactprocessisnotyetfullyunderstood,butresearcharoundthe

worldhasbeguntodefinethespecificareasofthebrainandprocesses44for

facialrecognition.

ResearchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologybelievethatthey

havesucceededin45aspecificareaofthebraincalledthefusiformfacearea

(FFA),whichisusedonlyforfacialrecognition.Thismeansthatrecognitionoffamiliar

objectssuchasourclothesorcars,isfrom46inthebrain.Researchersalsohave

foundthatthebrainneedstoseethewholefaceforrecognitiontotakeplace.Ithad

been47thoughtthatweonlyneededtoseecertainfacialfeatures.Meanwhile,

researchatUniversityCollegeLondonhasfoundthatfacialrecognitionisnotasingle

process,but48involvesthreesteps.Thefirststepappearstobeananalysisofthe

physicalfeaturesofaperson'sface,whichissimilartohowwescanthebarcodesof

ourgroceries.Inthenextstep,thebraindecideswhetherthefacewearelookingatis

alreadyknownorunknowntous.Andfinally,thebrainfurnishestheinformationwe

havecollectedaboutthepersonwhosefacewearelookingat.Thiscomplex49is

doneinasplitsecondsothatwecanbehavequicklywhenreactingtocertainsituations.

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrases

markedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthe

context.(347words)

Overthepastfewdecades,moreandmorecountrieshaveopenedupthemarkets,

increasinglytransformingtheworldeconomyintoonefree-flowingglobalmarket.The

questionis：Iseconomicglobalization50forall?

AccordingtotheWorldBank,oneofitschiefsupporters,economicglobalization

hashelpedreduce51inalargenumberofdevelopingcountries.Itquotesone

studythatshowsincreasedwealth52toimprovededucationandlongerlifein

twenty-fourdevelopingcountriesasaresultofintegration（融合）oflocaleconomies

intotheworldeconomy.Hometosomethreebillionpeople,thesetwenty-fourcountries

haveseenincomes53atanaveragerateoffivepercent-comparedtotwo

percentindevelopedcountries.

Thosewho54globalizationclaimthateconomiesindevelopingcountries

willbenefitfromnewopportunitiesforsmallandhome-basedbusinesses.55,

smallfarmersinBrazilwhoproducenutsthatwouldoriginallyhavesoldonlyin56

open-airmarketscannowpromotetheirgoodsworldwidebytheInternet.

Criticstakeadifferentview,believingthateconomicglobalizationisactually

57thegapbetweentherichandpoor.AstudycarriedoutbytheU.N.-sponsored

WorldCommissionontheSocialDimensionofGlobalizationshowsthatonlyafew

developingcountrieshaveactually58fromintegrationintotheworldeconomy

andthatthepoor,theuneducated,unskilledworkers,andnativepeopleshavebeenleft

behind.59,theymaintainthatglobalizationmayeventuallythreatenemerging

businesses.Forexample,Indiancraftsmenwhocurrentlyseemtobenefitfrom

globalizationbecausetheyareableto60theirproductsmaysoonfacefierce

competitionthatcouldpotthemoutof61.Whenlarge-scalemanufacturersstartto

producethesamegoods,orwhensuperstoreslikeWal-Martmovein,thesesmall

businesseswillnotbeableto62andwillbecrowdedout.

Onethingiscertainaboutglobalization-thereisno63.Advancesin

technologycombinedwithmoreopenpolicieshavealreadycreatedaninterconnected

world.The64nowisfindingawaytocreateakindofglobalizationthatworks

forthebenefitofall.

50.A.possibleB.smoothC.goodD.easy

51.A.crimeB.povertyC.conflictD.population

52.A.contributingB.respondingC.turningD.owing

53.A.remainB.dropC.shiftD.increase

54.A.doubtB.defineC.advocateD.ignore

55.A.InadditionB.ForinstanceC.InotherwordsD.Allinall

56.A.matureB.newC.localD.foreign

57.A.findingB.exploringC.bridgingD.widening

58.A.sufferedB.profitedC.learnedD.withdrawn

59.A.FurthermoreB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Otherwise

60.A.consumeB.deliverC.exportD.advertise

61.A.troubleB.businessC.powerD.mind

62.A.keepupB.comeinC.goaroundD.helpout

63.A.takingoffB.gettingalongC.holdingoutD.turningback

64.A.agreementB.predictionC.outcomeD.challenge

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveral

questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,

B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthe

passageyouhavejustread.(335words)

A

Forsomepeople,musicisnofunatall.Aboutfourpercentofthepopulationis

whatscientistscall“amusic."Peoplewhoareamusicarebornwithouttheabilityto

recognizeorreproducemusicalnotes(音调).Amusicpeopleoftencannottellthe

differencebetweentwosongs.Amusicscanonlyhearthedifferencebetweentwonotes

iftheyareveryfarapartonthemusicalscale.

Asaresult,songssoundlikenoisetoanamusic.Manyamusicscomparethe

soundofmusictopiecesofmetalhittingeachother.Lifecanbehardforamusics.Their

inabilitytoenjoymusicsetthemapartfromothers.Itcanbedifficultforotherpeopleto

identifywiththeircondition.Infact,mostpeoplecannotbegintograspwhatitfeelslike

tobeamusic.Justgoingtoarestaurantorashoppingmallcanbeuncomfortableoreven

painful.Thatiswhymanyamusicsintentionallystayawayfromplaceswherethereis

music.However,thiscanresultinwithdrawalandsocialisolation."Iusedtohate

parties,saysMargaret,aseventy-year-oldwomanwhoonlyrecentlydiscoveredthat

shewasamusic.BystudyingpeoplelikeMargaret,scientistsarefinallylearninghowto

identifythisunusualcondition.

Scientistssaythatthebrainsofamusicsaredifferentfromthebrainsofpeople

whocanappreciatemusic.Thedifferenceiscomplex,anditdoesn'tinvolvedefective

hearing.Amusicscanunderstandothernonmusicalsoundswell.Theyalsohaveno

problemsunderstandingordinaryspeech.Scientistscompareamusicstopeoplewhojust

can'tseecertaincolors.

Manyamusicsarehappywhentheirconditionisfinallydiagnosed（诊断）.For

years,Margaretfeltembarrassedaboutherproblemwithmusic.Nowsheknowsthat

sheisnotalone.Thereisanameforhercondition.Thatmakesiteasierforherto

explain.<4Whenpeopleinvitemetoaconcert,Ijustsay,4Nothanks,I'mamusic,'"says

Margaret.6tIjustwishIhadlearnedtosaythatwhenIwasseventeenandnotseventy.^^

65.Whichofthefollowingistrueofamusics?

A.Listeningtomusicisfarfromenjoyableforthem.

B.Theyloveplaceswheretheyarelikelytohearmusic.

C.Theycaneasilytelltwodifferentsongsapart.

D.Theirsituationiswellunderstoodbymusicians.

66.Accordingtoparagraph3,apersonwith"defectivehearing“isprobablyone

who.

A.dislikeslisteningtospeechesB.canhearanythingnonmusical

C.hasahearingproblemD.lacksacomplexhearingsystem

67.Inthelastparagraph,Margaretexpressedherwishthat.

A.herproblemwithmusichadbeendiagnosedearlier

B.shewereseventeenyearsoldratherthanseventy

C.herproblemcouldbeeasilyexplained

D.shewereabletomeetotheramusics

68.Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?

A.Amusics'strangebehaviors.

B.Somepeople'sinabilitytoenjoymusic.

C.Musicaltalentandbrainstructure.

D.Identificationandtreatmentofamusics.

B（268words）

HomeLaundryAutomaticDryerProduct

FullTwoYearWarranty（保修）

LimitedFiveYearWarrantyonCabinet（机箱）

WarrantyProvidesfor：

FIRSTTWOYEARSAmanawillrepairorreplaceanyfaultypartfreeofcharge.

THIRDTHRUFIFTHYEARSAmanawillprovideafreereplacementpartforany

cabinetwhichprovesfaultyduetorust（生锈）。

WarrantyLimitations：Owner'sResponsibilities：

•Wanantybeginsatdateoforiginalpurchase.•Providesalesreceipt.

•AppliesonlytoproductusedwithintheUnited•Normalcareandmaintenance.

StatesorinCanadaifproductisapprovedby•Havingtheproductreasonably

CanadianStandardsAssociationwhenshippedaccessibleforservice.

fromfactory.•Payforservicecallsrelatedtoproduct

•Productsusedonacommercialorrentalbasisinstallationorusageinstructions.

notcoveredbythiswarranty.•Payforextraservicecosts,overnormal

•ServicemustbeperformedbyanAmanaservicecharges,ifservicerisrequested

servicer.toperformserviceoutsideservicer's

•Adjustmentscoveredduringfirstyearonly.normalbusinesshours.

WarrantyDoesNotCoverItIf：InnoeventshallAmanaberesponsible

•Producthasdamageduetoproductalteration,forconsequentialdamages.*

connectiontoanimproperelectricalsupply,"Thiswarrantygivesyouspecificlegal

shippingandhandling,accident,fire,floods,rights,andyoumayhaveotherswhich

lightningorotherconditionsbeyondthecontrolvaryfromstatetostate.Forexample,

ofAmana.somestatesdonotallowtheexclusionor

•Productisimproperlyinstalledorapplied.limitationofconsequentialdamages,so

thisexclusionmaynotapplytoyou.

69.AccordingtoWarrantyLimitations,aproductcanbeunderwarrantyif.

A.shippedfromaCanadianfactoryB.rentedforhomeuse

C.repairedbytheuserhimselfD.usedintheU.S.A.

70.AccordingtoOwner'sResponsibilities,anownerhastopayfor.

A.thelossofthesalesreceiptB.aservicer'sovertimework

C.theproductinstallationD.amechanic'stransportation

71.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothewarranty?

A.ConsequentialdamagesareexcludedacrossAmerica.

B.Aproductdamagedinanaturaldisasteriscoveredbythewarranty.

C.Afaultycabinetduetorustcanbereplacedfreeinthesecondyear.

D.Freerepairisavailableforaproductusedimproperlyinthefirstyear.

C(392words)

AteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreate

thefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnew

high-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachine

isthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperform

controlledflighttasks.

“It'sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjust

thesumofabunchofindividualcomponents(元件),“saidRobertWood,theHarvard

engineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.

Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.

“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponents

areofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,“hesaid.

Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“The

seeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberof

interdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhasto

performwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit'sconnectedto,“said

Wood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrol

systems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththese

tinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.

Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoal

iseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperform

data-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers?fieldsoronthebattlefield."Basicallyit

shouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,hesaid.

Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolat

insect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhave

muchbroaderapplications."Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropen

scientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththe

animals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,hesaid.<6Sotherearealotoftechnologiesand

openinterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaytoday

basis.”

72.Thedifficultytheteamofengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticflywas

that.

A.theyhadnomodelintheirmindB.theydidnothavesufficienttime

C.theyhadnoready-madecomponentsD.theycouldnotassemblethecomponents

73.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly.

A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystem

B.canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttime

C.cancollectinformationfrommanysources

D.hasbeenputintowideapplication

74.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.

B.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.

C.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.

D.Wood'sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.

75.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.FatherofRoboticFlyB.InspirationfromEngineeringScience

C.RoboticFlyImitatesRealLifeInsect

D.HarvardBreaksThroughinInsectStudy

SectionC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfrom

A一Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.

A.Healthywayoflifegivingwaytooveruseofmedicine

B.Differentfindingsastotakingadditionalvitamin

C.EU'sresponsetooveruseofhealthproducts

D.Worryingincreaseinmultivitaminadvertising

E.EUdirectiveforthebenefitofindividuals

F.EUdirectiveagainstpredictioninnovels

76._____________________________________

Theuseofhealthsupplementssuchasmultivitamintabletshasincreasedgreatly

inthewesternworld.Peopletakethesesupplementsbecauseadvertisingsuggeststhat

theypreventarangeofmedicalconditionsfromdeveloping.However,thereisconcern

thatpeopleareconsumingworryinglyhighdosesofthesesupplementsandthe

EuropeanUnion(EU)hasissuedadirectivethatwillbanthesaleofawiderangeof

them.ThisEUdirectiveshouldbesupported.

77._________________________________

ResearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhotakeVitaminCsupplementsofover5000

milligramsadayaremorelikelytodevelopcancer.Thisshowshowmuchdamagethese

healthsupplementsdotopeople'shealth.Aspokesmanforthehealthsupplement

industryhasarguedthatotherresearchshowsthatVitaminCsupplementshelpprevent

heartdisease,butwecandismissthisevidenceasitisfromabiasedsource.

78.__________________________________

Sciencefictionofthe1960sand1970spredictedthatpillswouldreplacemeals

asthewayinwhichpeoplewouldgetthefueltheyneeded.This,itwasargued,would

meanamoreefficientuseoftimeaspeoplewouldn'thavetowasteitpreparingor

eatingmeals.TheEUdirectivewouldhelppreventthisnightmareofpillsreplacing

foodbecomingareality.

79._____________________________

Peoplealreadytaketoomanypillsinsteadofadoptingahealthierlifestyle.For

example,theconsumptionofpainkillersinBritainin1998was21tabletsperyearfor

everyman,womanandchildinthecountry.Peopledonotneedallthesepills.

80.______________________________

SomemightarguethattheEUdirectivedeniespeople'srighttofreedomof

choice.However,therearemanylegalexamplesforsuchinterventionwhenitisinthe

individuaFsbestinterests.Wenowmakepeoplewearseatbeltsratherthanallowing

themtochoosetodoso.OpposingtheEUdirectivewouldmeanbeneficialmeasures

likethiswouldbethreatened.

SectionD

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethe

statementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Astudyofmorethanfivemillionbooks,bothfictionandnon-fiction,hasfounda

markeddeclineintheuseofemotionalwordsovertime.Theresearchersformthe

UniversityofBristolusedGoogleNgramViewer,afacilityforfindingthefrequencyof

termsinscannedbooks,tosearchformorethan600particularwordsidentifiedas

representinganger,dislike,fear,joy,sadnessandsurprise.

Theyfoundthatalmostallofthecategories（类另U）showedadropinthese"mood

words“overtime.Onlyinthecategoryoffearwasthereanincreaseinusage.

“Itisasteadyandcontinuousdecrease,saidDrAlbertoAcerbi.Heassumedthat

theresultmightbeexplainedbyachangeinthepositionoccupiedbyliterature,ina

crowdedmedialandscape.t4Onethingcouldbethatinparalleltobooksthe20thcentury

sawthestartofothermedia.Maybethesemedia-movies,radio,drama-hadmore

emotionalcontentthanbooks.^^

Althoughbothjoyandsadnessfollowedthegeneraldownwardstrend,the

research,publishedinthejournalPLOSOne,foundthattheyalsoexhibitedanother

interestingbehaviour：theratio（比率）betweenthetwovariedgreatly,apparently

mirroringhistoricalevents.

DuringtheRoaringTwentiesthejoy-to-sadnessratioreachedapeakthatwould

notoccuragainuntilbeforetherecentfinancialcrash.Buttheratioplungedatthe

heightoftheSecondWorldWar.Nevertheless,theresearchersheldareservedopinion

abouttheirclaimthattheirresu