英美诗歌鉴赏

英美诗歌鉴赏第5页共5页1.BlankFilling:FiguresofSpeech,commonknowledge(10points)（填空：1—8根据老师所给诗句所运用的修辞填空。）(1)Personification(拟人)(2)Metaphor（暗喻）(3)Parallelism（排比）(4)Anaphora(Repetition)（反复）(5)Simile（明喻）(6)Paradox（矛盾）(7)Hyperbole（夸张）(8)Metonymy（转喻）(9)FatherofEnglishLiterature（英语文学之父）：GeoffreyChaucer（杰弗雷·乔叟）TheCanterburyTales（坎特伯雷故事集）ThefirsttenantofthePoets’Corner英语最早使用Iambicpentameter(10)WestminsterAbbey,Poets’Corner（诗人角）：威斯敏斯特大教堂：（其中著名的“诗人角”就位于教堂中央往南的甬道上。在这儿长眠着许多著名的诗人和小说家。如英国14世纪的“诗圣”乔叟，就安葬于此。陵墓周围还有一扇专门的“纪念窗”，上面描绘着他的名作《坎特伯雷故事集》里的情景。伴他长眠的有丁尼生和布朗宁，他俩都是名噪一时的大诗人。著名的小说家哈代和1907年诺贝尔文学奖获得者吉卜林也葬在这里。“诗人角”中央，并排埋葬着德国著名的作曲家亨德尔和19世纪最杰出的现实主义作家狄更斯。还有些文学家死后虽葬身别处，但在这里仍为他们竖碑立传，如著名的《失乐园》的作者弥尔顿和苏格兰诗人彭斯，就享受着这种荣耀。）LondonAlfred,LordTennyson（丁尼生）RobertBrowning（布朗宁）RudyardKipling（吉普林）(11)Beowulf（《贝奥武夫》）：《贝奥武夫》（Beowulf）一译贝奥武甫。完成于公元九世纪的英雄叙事长诗。全诗凡3182行，以斯堪的纳维亚（Scandinavia）的英雄贝奥武夫（Beowulf）的英勇事迹构成主要内容。虽然历史上并未证实确有贝奥武夫其人，但诗中所提及的许多其他人物与事迹却得到印证。本诗以西撒克斯（Wessex）方言写成，押头韵而不押尾韵，用双字隐喻而不用明喻。是现存古英语文学中最古老的作品，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。在语言学方面也是相当珍贵的文献。Epic（史诗）(12)PoetLaureate（桂冠诗人）:Alfred,LordTennyson（阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生）WilliamWordsworth（华兹华斯）(13)FirstNobelPrizewinner:（第一位诺贝尔文学奖获得者）:RudyardKipling（吉普林）诗歌作品：<If>2.Matching:PoetsandTheirWorks(20points)（连线）（1）WilliamShakespeare(莎士比亚):Sonnet130Sonnet18（2）EdmundSpenser（斯宾塞）：Sonnet75（3）JohnDonne（多恩）：DeathBeNotProudAValedictionForbiddingMouringSONGTheFleaTheBaitMeditation17（4）WilliamWordsworth（华兹华斯）：IWANDEREDLonelyasaCloudTheSolitaryReaper（5）JohnKeats（济慈）：OdetoaNightingale（6）Alfred,LordTennyson（阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生，桂冠诗人）：Ulysses（7）RobertBrowning（罗伯特·布朗宁）：MyLastDuchess（8）RudyardKipling（吉普林）：If（9）SeamusHeaney（谢默斯·希尼）：Digging（10）RalphWaldoEmerson(拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生)：TheRhodoraTheChartist’sComplaint（11）WaltWhitman（惠特曼）：OCAPTAIN!MyCaptain!OME!Olife!IHearAmericaSingingWhenIHeardtheLearn’dAstronomerSunatSunset（12）EmilyDickinson（艾米丽·迪金森）：BecauseICouldNotStopforDeathItWasNotDeathForIStoodUp、（13）RobertFrost（罗伯特·弗罗斯）：TheRoadNotTakenMendingWall（14）LangstonHughes（蓝斯顿·休斯）:TheNegroSpeaksofRiversLetAmericaBeAmericaAgain（15）CounteeCullen():YetDoIMarvel（16）ClaudeMcKay（）：TheHarlemDancer（17）RobertHaydon（）：ThoseWinterSundays（18）AllenGinsberg's（艾伦·金斯堡）:Howl（19）ChristopherMarlowe(克利斯托弗·马洛):ThePassionateShapherdtoHisLove3.Cloze(10points)(完形填空)：根据老师所给诗句，根据格律韵脚，找到合适的诗句填空。4.TermsandDefinitions(10points)（名词解释）(1)Iambicpentameter（五音步抑扬格）：isacommonlyused\o"Line(poetry)"metricallineintraditional\o"Poetry"verseand\o"Versedrama"versedrama.Thetermdescribestheparticularrhythmthatthewordsestablishinthatline.Thatrhythmismeasuredinsmallgroupsofsyllables;thesesmallgroupsofsyllablesarecalled"\o"Foot(poetry)"feet".Theword"\o"Iamb(foot)"iambic"describesthetypeoffootthatisused(inEnglish,anunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable).Theword"pentameter"indicatesthatalinehasfiveofthese"feet."Iambicrhythmscomerelativelynaturallyin\o"EnglishLanguage"English.IambicpentameteristhemostcommonmeterinEnglishpoetry;itisusedinmanyofthemajorEnglish\o"Poeticform"poeticforms,including\o"Blankverse"blankverse,the\o"Heroiccouplet"heroiccouplet,andsomeofthetraditionalrhymedstanzaforms.\o"WilliamShakespeare"WilliamShakespeareusediambicpentameterinhisplaysand\o"Sonnet"sonnets.(2)Sonnet（十四行诗）：Alyricpoemconsistingofasinglestanzaoffourteeniambicpentameterlineslinkedbyanintricaterhymescheme.TherearetwomajorpatternsofrhymeinsonnetswrittenintheEnglishlanguage:(1)TheItalianorPetrarchansonnetfallsintotwomainparts:anoctave(eightlines)rhymingabbaabbafollowedbyasestet(sixlines)rhymingcdecdeorsomevariant,suchascdccdc.(2)TheEarlofSurreyandotherEnglishexperimentersinthesixteenthcenturyalsodevelopedastanzaformcalledtheEnglishsonnet,orelsetheShakespeareansonnet,afteritsgreatestpractitioner。ThisverseformwasintroducedintoEnglishpoetrybyWilliamShakespeare，andhasbeeninconstantuseeversince(3)Ode（颂）：OdeisconsistingoftenlinesofmanyofiambicpentameterlinkedbyanintricateRhymeschemesuchasababcdecde.Inpraiseofordedicatedtosomeoneorsomeparticularthing。ItrepresentativeisKeats'sFiveGreatOdesof1819whichincluded\o"OdetoaNightingale"OdetoaNightingale,\o"OdeonMelancholy"Odeon\o"OdeonMelancholy"Melancholy,\o"OdeonaGrecianUrn"OdeonaGrecianUrn,\o"OdetoPsyche"Odeto\o"OdetoPsyche"Psyche,and\o"OdetoAutumn"OdetoAutumn.(4)Blankverse（无韵诗）Blankverseis\o"Poetry"poetrywritteninunrhymed\o"Iambicpentameter"iambicpentameter.Ithasbeendescribedas"probablythemostcommonandinfluentialformthatEnglishpoetryhastakensincethesixteenthcentury"and\o"PaulFussell"PaulFussellhasclaimedthat"aboutthree-quartersofallEnglishpoetryisinblankverse."ThefirstdocumenteduseofblankverseintheEnglishlanguagewasby\o"HenryHoward,EarlofSurrey"HenryHoward，andalsoestablisheditasthedominantverseformforEnglish\o"Drama"dramaintheageof\o"ElizabethIofEngland"ElizabethIand\o"JamesIofEngland"JamesI.ThemajorachievementsinEnglishblankverseweremadeby\o"WilliamShakespeare"WilliamShakespeare,whowrotemuchofthecontentofhisplaysinunrhymediambicpentameter,and\o"JohnMilton"Milton,whose\o"ParadiseLost"ParadiseLostiswritteninblankverse。(5)Dramaticmonologue（戏剧独白）：1.Asingleperson,whoispatentlynotthepoet,uttersthespeechthatmakesupthewholeofthepoem,inaspecificsituationatacriticalmoment.诗歌由一个人的言语构成2.Thispersonaddressesandinteractswithoneormoreotherpeople;butweknowoftheauditors'presence,andwhattheysayanddo,onlyfromcluesinthediscourseofthesinglespeaker.有一个或多个听众的存在，但其语言及行为只能有一个或多个听众的存在，从这单个说话人的话语中显示3.Themainprinciplecontrollingthepoet'schoiceandformulationofwhatthelyricspeakersaysistorevealtothereader,inawaythatenhancesitsinterest,thespeaker'stemperamentandcharacter.说话者的话语显示出其性格(M.H.Abrams)RobertBrowningisusuallycreditedwithperfectingtheform;certainly,Browningisthepoetwho,aboveall,producedhisfinestandmostfamousworkinthisform.WhileMyLastDuchessisthemostfamousofhismonologues,theformdominatedhiswritingcareer.(6)Romanticperiod（浪漫主义时期）：EnglishRomanticismisgenerallysaidtohavebegunin1798withthepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’sLyricalBalladsandtohaveendedin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeathandthepassageofthefirstReformBillintheParliament。TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry.Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,ShelleyandKeatsarethemajorRomanticpoets.Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.Theyexplorednewtheoriesandinnovatednewtechniquesinpoetrywriting.Theysawpoetryasahealingenergy,thebelievedthatpoetrycouldpurifybothindividualsoulsandthesociety.Wordsworth’stheoryofpoetryiscallingforsimplethemesdrawnfromhumblelife.Hedefinesthepoetasa“manspeakingtomen,”andpoetryas“thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings”.(7)Metaphysicalpoets：（形而上学的诗人）Themetaphysicalpoetsisatermcoinedbythepoetandcritic\o"SamuelJohnson"SamuelJohnsontodescribealoosegroupof\o"Britishpoetry"British\o"Lyricpoetry"lyricpoetsofthe17thcentury,whosharedaninterestin\o"Metaphysics"metaphysicalconcernsandacommonwayofinvestigatingthem,andwhoseworkwascharacterizedbyinventivenessof\o"Metaphor"metaphor(theseinvolvedcomparisonsbeingknownas\o"Metaphysicalconceit"metaphysicalconceits).Thesepoetswerenotformallyaffiliated;mostofthemdidnotevenknoworreadeachother.Theirpoetrywasinfluencedgreatlybythechangingtimes,newsciencesandthenewfounddebauchedsceneofthe17thcentury。Theirstylewascharacterizedby\o"Wit"witandmetaphysicalconceits—far-fetchedorunusual\o"Similes"similesor\o"Metaphors"metaphors,suchasin\o"AndrewMarvell"AndrewMarvell’scomparisonofthesoulwithadropofdew;inanexpandedepigramformat,withthe