镇江市高三年级第一次调研测试期末考试英语试题

本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-2镇江市高三年级第一次调研测试期末考试英语试卷注意：本试卷分第I卷(选则题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择題)两部分。两部分答案都I(选择题共85分)第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答題纸上。1.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Hisbikewasstolen.B.Hehitthewoman’sbike.C.Heknockeddownattlegirl2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afilm.B.Anovel.C.Adirector.3.Wheredidthemanworkfortwoyears?A.InSpain.B.InGermany.C.InMexico.4.Howdidthemangotowork?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.C.Bybus.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Peterlikestofollowthefashion.B.Peterhasbadtasteindressing.C.Peterneedsatablecloth.听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题。36.Whenwillthemangotoameeting?AOnJulyndBOnJulyndC.OnJuly4th.7.WhoisMikeprobably?A.Sue’scolleague.B.Sarah'sneighbor.C.Peter'sson.8.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodoat4o'clock?A.Takethedogforawalk.B.TurnonTVforthedog.C.Brushthedog'steeth.9.Whatcanwelearnfromthedialogue?A.Thedogcaneatanyfoodwithoutlimit,B.Thedogdislikesanyexercise・C.Thewomanfeelsthatthemantakescareofthedogtoomuch.10.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelecturer?A.Heisnottalkingloudlyenough.B.Heisnotwearingamicrophone,C.HehasanAmericanaccent.doesthemanthinkofthespeech?A.It'suseful.B.It'sawasteoftime.C.It'Sfunny.12.Whatwillthewomandolater?A.Giveaspeech.B.Findanotherlecture.C.Asksomequestions.4A.Thewoman'sboss.B.Theman'steamleader.C.Thewoman'steammateWhydoesthemanwanttojointhewomansteam?A.Helikesfieldwork.B.Hethinkshecouldhelpalot.C.Hedoesn'tgetalongwellwithPaul.ntomorrowA.Themanwillputanewteamtogether.B.ThespeakerswillgotoEdmonson.C.ThewomanwilltalkwithPaul.16.Whatcanbeknownaboutthemanspeaker?A.HeisfamiliarwiththeEdmonsonarea.B.Hehasjoinedthewoman'steam.C.Heisateamleader.17.Whenisthedeadlineforentries?A.August31st.B.October15th.C.November1st.18.Whatisthetopicoflastyear?A.TheFuture.B.Cities.C.TheWorld.willbegiventoallthecompetitors?A.Acertificate.B.Astorybook.C.Aphoto.istheprizefortheschoolwinner?A,Booksfromawriter.B.PicturesofEngland.C.Aspecialcourse.5第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C.D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上涂黑。skilledworkforceisessential,____iswhyourtrainingprogramissoimportant.A.thatB.whichC.suchD.whatmansittingbesidemeontheplanewasverynervous.He_____before.A.hasn'tflownB.hadn'tflownC.doesn'tflyD.wouldn'tflyemployeescanundertakemostcommonjobseasily,____________________theefficiencyofthesocietyisguaranteed.A.sothatB.evenifC.inthatD.asifreformandopening-uppolicyintroducedinthelate1970s_________anotherboominsci-fiappetiteinChina,A.gaveoffB.showedoffC.laidoffD.kickedofftotherule,afreegiftwillbegivento________completesthequestionnaire.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whicheverD.whomever_____________wentextremelywell,withalmostalloftheaudiencerequestingfurtherinformationaboutour5Gproducts.A.conservationB.imaginationC.presentationD.qualification27.Asasalesman,muchofhissuccesscomesfrombeingwhathiscustomerswant.A.incompetitionwithB.incontrastwithC.incompanywithD.intunewith28.Experimentsshowthatwhenkidsareencouragedtosharewhattheyhave,they'reroughlytwiceaslikelytobelater.A.generousB.outspokenC.intelligentD.liberal629.ThankstoLiZiqi'sefforts,manyChineseculturalheritagesthatinwrittenrecordsnowappearbeforeoureyes.A.wereexistingBhadexistedC.wouldhaveexistedD.existed30.Morethan1,200entriesbyillustratorsaredisplayedatacartoonexhibitiononChina'santi-povertyachievements.A.tofocusB.focusingC.beingfocusedD.havingfocused31.Myparentsmethemoney.Otherwise,Icouldn'thaveaffordedthetrip.A.wouldlendB.hadlentC.werelendingD.lent32.athletesforseveralyears,hedecidedtobringChineseculturetomorepeoplethroughtaichi.A.HavingcoachedB.CoachedC.CoachingD.Beingcoachediswellknown,oursuccessinlifedependsonourdeterminationtograspopportunitiesthattous.A.presentB.arepresentingC.arepresentedD.havepresented34.Althoughquitealotofpeopleregularlyparticipatedinsportseventsin2019,some________________________________________________________________________"sports"withjustgoingtothegym.A.equatedB.equippedC.combinedD.impressed35.—HaveyouheardthatSimonhasgotanofferfromthebigcorporationinShanghai—Yes.Aftersomeupsanddowns,hehasfinally.A.mendedhiswaysB.satonhishandsC.landedonhisfeetD.pulledhisleg请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。7Acloset(储藏室)isayears—longcollectionofexactlywhatmakesyouthepersonyouare.The36roseinmychestwhenmymomrecentlydecidedtomove37itmeantwewouldhaveto38outDad'scloset,nearlyadecadeafterhisdeath.Intheyearsafterhisdeath,Iwouldsometimeswalkintothatcloset.Ihadmovedmanymilesaway,startingalifeelsewhereasmymomtookpainstoslowly39herhome—sweepingawaythedustofsadness,andmakingitonceagainaplacefor40andgathering.Inthecloset,Icould41thedadIhadbeforehehadabraincancer.I42thatwouldgoawaywhenmymommoved.Irolledaround43inbed.CouldIstandtoseethisclosetonelasttimebeforeMommovedWouldIfindthe44tohelpclearthatstuffout?Then,a45:“Ihadnoidea,"mymomsaid."Icleaneditoutalready'Theannouncementknockedmesideways.WhathadshethrownoutWouldseeingthis46closettowhichI'd47attributedsuchmeaningjolt(震动)myheartandcausemetohaveameltdown?Iflewhomeshortlythereafter,tryingtokeepmymind48itwithfitfulnaps(打盹)ontheplane.WhenIfinallygotthroughthefrontdoor,IknewwhereIwasgoing:toseethisemptyclosetthatIsworewould49me.Ipulledthedoorsopen.Whathappenednext50me:Therewasnopanic—just51Sure,Dad'sstuffwasmostly52butIrealizedthenthatIdidn'tneedtoseeitto53whatwehad.Theobjectswerejustanouterlayerabovethewarm54Iheldwithin.55.clothesdon'tmaketheman,andthoughobjectsmayhelpustellastory,theyarenotstoriesthemselves.36.A.happinessB.BC.tensionD.mercy37.A.ifBB.unlessC.thoughD.because38.A.pickB.BcleanC.findD.take839.A.evolveB.designC.decorateD.love40.A.depressionB.warmthC.D.sleeping.supportB.blameC.berD.protect42.A.anticipatedB.confirmedC.reD.worried43.A.excitedlyB.nervouslyC.mercifullyD.hopelessly44.A.strengthB.chanceC.privilegeD.excuse45.A.replyB.shockC.comfortD.blessing46.A.outdatedB.fashionableC.emptyD.familiar47.A.randomlyB.openlyC.secretlyD.purposely48.A.withB.offC.D.to49.A.crushB.raiseC.lD.astonish50.A.surprisedB.pressedC.frightenedD.puzzled51.A.excitementB.reluctanceC.peaceD.regret52.A.wornB.soldC.goneD.left53.A.discoverB.understandC.abandonD.remember54.A.servicesB.memoriesC.relationshipsD.events55.A.AboveallB.InadditionC.BycontrastD.Afterall第三部分：阅读理解(共请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AEXPEDITION(探险)OVERVIEW•GoonanearlymorningphotoshootinLamarValley,zoominginonwildlifeagainstthesparklingsnow.•Capture(拍摄)uniqueanglesonfamoussiteslikeOldFaithfulgeyserwithoutthecrowdsanddiscoversomeofthepark'slesserknownareas,exploringinthecomfortofheatedsnowcoaches.•LearnaboutthereintroductionofYellowstone'swolvesandmeetacinematographerwhohasproducedfilmsontheparkanditswildlifeforNationalGeographic.9Yellowstoneinwinterisaphotographer'sdelight:mineralpoolsbumthroughthesnow,revealingtheirgem-coloreddepths;waterfallsfreezemid-spill;andelkThistriphasanactivityratingoflight.Travelersshouldbeingoodhealthandcomfortablewalkingandsittingforextendedperiods.wetravelthroughtheparkinheatedsnowcoaches.Excursionsincludewalkingonboardwalksandomiceandsnowatelevationsbetween8,000and11,000feet.Minorchangestothedailyitinerarymayoccurdependingonlocationofwildlife.ACCOMMODATIONSWestayincomfortable|hotels,classiclodges、withinthepark,andatraditionalranch.•Transfersuponarrivalanddeparture•Accommodations•AlltipsWHAT'SNOTINCLUDED•Airfaretoandfromdestination•Visas•Alcoholicbeverages56.AvisitortoYellowstonecanA.recordtheuniqueangleswiththecrowdsaroundB.liveinthehigh-rankedhotelsduringallthetripC.calculatethedepthofgem-coloredmineralpoolsD.enjoythetransferservicetoandfromdestination57.Thisarticleismainlyintendedto_.A.advertiseanexpeditioninYellowstoneinwinterB.emphasizetheimportanceofwildlifeprotectioninYellowstoneC.uncoverthesecretoftheinterplayofsnowandstreaminYellowstoneD.revealtheskillsofphotoshootinYellowstoneinwinterBPsycholinguisticsisafieldattheintersection(交叉)ofpsychologyandlinguistics,andoneifitsrecentdiscoveriesisthatthelanguageswespeakinfluenceoureyemovements.Forexample,Englishspeakerswhohearcandleoftenlookatacandybecausethetwowordssharetheirfirstsyllable.Researchwithspeakersofdifferentlanguagesrevealedthatbilingualspeakersnotonlylookatwordsthatsharesoundsinonelanguagebutalsoatwordsthatsharesoundsacrosstheirtwolanguages.WhenRussian-EnglishbilingualsheartheEnglishwordmarker,theyalsolookatastamp,becausetheRussianwordforstampismarka.Evenmoresurprising,speakersofdifferentlanguagesdifferintheirpatternsofeyemovementswhennolanguageisusedatall.Inasimplevisualsearchtaskinwhichpeoplehadtofindapreviouslyseenobjectamongotherobjects,theireyesmoveddifferentlydependingonwhatlanguagestheyknew.Forexample,whenlookingforaclock,Englishspeakersalsolookedatacloud.Spanishspeakers,ontheotherhand,whenlookingforthesameclock,lookedatapresent,becausetheSpanishnamesforclockandpresent—relojandregalo-overlapattheironset(开始).Thestorydoesn'tendthere.Notonlydothewordswehearactivateother,similar-soundingwords—andnotonlydowelookatobjectswhosenamessharesoundsorlettersevenwhennolanguageisheard—butthetranslationsofthosenamesinotherlanguagesbecomeactivatedaswellinspeakersofmorethanonelanguage.ForexamplewhenSpanish-EnglishbilingualshearthewordduckinEnglish,theyalsolookatashovel,becausethetranslationsofduckandshovel—patoandpala,respectively—overlapinSpanish.Becauseofthewayourbrainorganizesandprocesseslinguisticandnonlinguisticinformation,asinglewordcansetoffadominoeffect(多米诺效应)thatcascades (像洪水般倾泻)throughoutthecognitivesystem.Andthisinteractivityandco—activationisnotlimitedtospokenlanguages.Bilingualsofspokenandsignedlanguagesshowco—activationaswell.Forexample,bilingualswhoknowAmericanSignLanguageandEnglishlookatcheesewhentheyheartheEnglishwordpaperbecausecheeseandpapersharethreeofthefoursigncomponentsinASL(handshape,locationandorientationbutnotmotion).WhatdofindingslikethesetellusNotonlyisthelanguagesystemthoroughlyinteractivewithahighdegreeofco—activationacrosswordsandconcepts,butitalsoimpactsourprocessinginotherareassuchasvision,attentionandcognitivecontrol.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,howoureyesmove,whatwelookatandwhatwepayattentiontoareinfluencedindirectandmeasurablewaysbythelanguageswespeak.Theimplicationsofthesefindingsforappliedsettingsrangefromconsumerbehavior(whatwelookatinastore)tothemilitary(visualsearchincomplexscenes)andart(whatoureyesaredrawnto).Inotherwords,itissafetosaythatthelanguageyouspeakinfluenceshowyouseetheworldnotonlyfiguratively(比喻地)butalsoquiteliterally,downtothemechanicsofyoureyemovements.58.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Languagesweknowdetermineoureyemovements.B.Thewordswehearremindusofsimilarwords.C.Welookatobjectsevenifnolanguageisheard.D”Translationsofwordsinotherlanguagescanbeactivated.59.AccordingtoParagraph4,the“dominoeffect”iscausedby.A.AmericanSignLanguageB.brainprocessesC.orallanguages'D.co—activation60.Whatcanwelearnfromthesefindings?A.Wordsarecloselyrelatedtoconceptsinlanguagesystem.B.Thecombinationofwordsandconceptsactivateslanguagesystem.C.Thelanguagewespeakinfluenceswhatwepayattentionto.D.Whatwespeakineverydaylivescontrolshowoureyesmove.CLikemostrobots,socialrobotsuseartificialintelligencetodecidehowtoactoninformationreceivedthroughcamerasandothersensors.Theabilitytorespondinwaysthatseemlifelikehasbeeninformedbyresearchintosuchissuesashowperceptions(知觉)form,whatconstitutessocialandemotionalintelligence,andhowpeoplecaninferothers'thoughtsandfeelings.AdvancesinAlhaveenableddesignerstotranslatesuchpsychologicalandneuroscientificinsightsintoalgorithmsthatallowrobotstorecognizevoices,fecesandemotions;interpretspeechandgestures;respondappropriatelytocomplexverbalandnonverbalcues;makeeyecontact;speakconversationally;andadapttopeople'sneedsbylearningfromfeedback,rewardsandcriticisms.A47-inchhumanoid(类人物)calledPepper(fromSoftBankRobotics)recognizesfacesandbasichumanemotionsandengagesinconversationsviaatouchscreeninits"chest,"About15,000Peppersworldwideperformsuchservicesashotelcheck-ins,airportcustomerservice,shoppingassistanceandfast-foodcheckout.Temi(fromTemiUSA)andLoomo(SegwayRobotics)arethenextgenerationofpersonalassistants—likeAmazonEchoandGoogleHomebutmobile,providinganewleveloffunctionality.Loomo,forinstance,isnotonlyacompanionbutcanalsotransformoncommandintoascooter(小型摩托车)fortransport.Socialrobotshaveparticularappealforassistingtheworld'sgrowingelderlypopulation.ThePAROTherapeuticRobot(developedbyJapan'sNationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology),whichlookslikeaseal,softandcute,ismeanttostimulateandreducestressforthosewithAlzheimer'sdiseaseandotherpatientsincarefacilities:itrespondstoitsnamebymovingitshead,anditcriesforpetting.Mabu(CataliaHealth)engagespatients,particularlytheelderly,asawellnessaide,remindingthemtotakewalksandmedicationandtocallfamilymembers.Socialrobotsarealsogainingpopularitywithconsumersastoys.Earlyattemptstoincludesocialbehaviorintoys,suchasHasbro'sBabyAliveandSony'sAIBOroboticdog,hadlimitedsuccess.Butbotharcresurging(复活)、andthemostrecentversionofAIBOhasadvancedvoiceandgesturerecognition,canbetaughttricksanddevelopsnewbehaviorsbasedonpreviousinteractions.Worldwidesalesofconsumerrobotsreachedanestimated$billionin2018,andthemarketisexpectedtogrowto$19billionbytheendof2025,withmorethan65millionrobotssoldayearThistrendmayseemsurprisinggiventhatmultiplewell-fundedconsumerrobotcompanies,suchasJiboandAnki,havefailed.Butawaveofrobotsislininguptotaketheplaceofoldrobots,includingBUDDY(BlueFrogRobotics),abig-eyedmobiledevicethatplaysgamesinadditiontoactingasapersonalassistantandprovidinghomeautomationandsecurity.61.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Howsocialrobotsreceiveinformation.B.Whatresearchhasbeenconductedaboutsocialrobots.C.Whysocialrobotscanrespondinlifelikeways.D.Howdesignerstranslateinsightsintosocialrobots.62.ExamplesareusedinParagraph2toshowthatsocialrobotsare.A.fillinganexpandingvarietyofrolesB.gettinghigherintelligenceC.interactingwithpeopleD.learningtorespondinlifelikeways63.Accordingtothepassageweknowthat__.A.socialrobotscanhavevariousformsandappearancesB.PAROcaninteractwithpeoplebymovingitsheadlikeadogC.themostrecentversionofAIBOhasachievedasgreatsuccessasbeforeD.thesalesofconsumerrobotshavebeenincreasingaseverexpected64.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Morecompanieswillinvestonsocialrobots.B.Socialrobotsplaynicelywithhumanbeings.C.Socialrobotshavegreateffectsonelderpeople'slife.D.Artificialintelligenceenablessocialrobotstomakedecisions.DMyyoungerdaughter,age5,madeafailedattemptduringarecentschool-nightbedtimeroutine.Inretaliation(报复)formyinsistencethatsheactuallystayinbed,sheutteredtheclassicpint-sizedrevolutionarycry:"You'renotinchargeofme!"“Iam,actually；"IrepliedasIgentlyguidedherbackintobed.“Iaminchargeofkeepingyousafeandalsohelpingyouthrive(茁壮成长),whichmeansmakingsureyougetagoodnight'ssleepandawholelotmore?IknewwhatImeantby“more"evenifshedidn't.Imadeapersonal,unwrittencovenant(契约)withmydaughters,andevensociety,todomyparttoraisetwohappy,virtuous,inspirationaladults.Andthatrequiresteachingagooddealoflifewisdom,rolemodelingand,attimes,imposingbehavior.Wearetheboss.Wecanalsobeourkids'friend,sometimes.Andwearealwaystheirteacherandcoach.Anddon'tforgetlifeguard.Butwe'reincharge,evenifwedon'twanttobe.Anditseemsalotofparentsdon'twanttobe.I'venoticedthatforvariousreasons(tryingtobecool/nice/laidback,maybelaziness,maybeinoppositiontobeingraisedwithtoomanyrulesthemselves),manyparentslettheirchildrencalltoomanyshots.I'mtalkingaboutscreentime,bedtime,purchases,mealoptionsandalltherestofit.Lettingkidsdecidethesemattersusuallyleadstopooroutcomesforthekidsthemselves.Apermissiveparentingstyleleadstoimpulsivebehavior,egocentrism唯我主义)andpoorsocialskills,accordingtoDianaBaumrind,adevelopmentalpsychologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Baumrind,oneoftheleadingresearchersonthistopic,describedtheidealparentingstyleasauthoritative,"neithertoopermissivenortoocontrolling.Anauthoritativeparenthasclearrulesandhighexpectationswhilebeingwarmandsupportiveandvaluingindependence.Ifwecandothatforourchildren,herresearchshowed,theywillhavegreaterself-esteem,socialskillsandacademicperformance。.Theideal,inotherwords,isaBuddhistMiddleWaywhereweareincontrolbutfoster(培养)independence.Butindependenceisnotthesameasgivingthemwhattheirlittleid(本我)brainswantallthetime.Childrenmayseemhappyaboutgettingtheirway,butit'sactuallyaninsecureworldforthemtoinhabitwhereadultsdon'tseemfullyincharge.Youngkids'brainsarenotuptothetaskofmakingthebestdecisionsanyway.Fromage2until7,accordingtothepioneeringchilddevelopmentalpsychologistJeanPiaget,achildnaturallyengagesinegocentrismandmagicalthinking"—believingthattheycanaffecttheworldwiththeirthoughts—butnotcriticalthinking.Fromaboutage8to11,kidstendtoactivelyseekrules,limitsandboundaries―butfromparentsandteachers,notfromthemselves;theywantadultstodrawthelinestheycansafelycolorin.Typically,afterage11,criticalthinkingemerges.Realinvolvementinrulesandlimitscaneffectivelybeginthen,buteventeenagersneedtheassurancethatyouwillalwayssteerthemintherightdirections.Wealsoknowthatreallifeisfullofrules—legal,societal,ethical(moral)orjustpoliteness—andeitherweteachthemortheywilleventuallybesetstraightinless-lovingenvironmentssuchastheplayground,theprincipal'soffice,infrontofajudgeorinaprofessionalboss’office.Andbeinginchargedoesn’tmeanweneedtomicromanagebehaviororbeunkind.Weshouldbuildinplentyofpersonalfreedomandremainmotivatedbydeeploveandaffection.Butwemustalsobeontopit,guidingthemtowardsuccess.Beagreatbosstoyourkids.Mentorthem.Givethemopportunitiestodevelopandshine.Alwayshavetheirbacks.Neverfirethem.Showthemwho'sbossinthemostcaringofways.65.Manyparentslettheirchildrencalltoomanyshotsprobablybecause.A.theyarecoolandindifferenttotheirchildrenB.theywantchildrentolivewithfewerrulesC.theyarebusywithmealoptionsandsoonD.theybelieveitwillleadtogoodoutcomes66.ThepsychologistBaumrindbelievesthat___.A.childrenaredefinitelytoberuinedbypermissiveparentingstyleB.rulesareabsolutelypriortoanythinginauthoritativeparentingC.authoritativeparentshavetoletchildrenliveindependentlyD.anidealwaymeansgivingchildren-controlledindependence67.Fromage2to11,childrenusually____.A.donothavetheabilitytomakedecisionsyetB.havenoideaofrules,limitsorboundariesatallC.needparentsandteacherstodrawlinesforthemD.knowhowtosteerthemselvesinrightdirections68.Tobeagreatbosstohis/herchildren,aparentneedstoA.micromanageeverythingorbeunkindsometimesB.guidechildrentosuccessonthebasisofdeeploveC.winasmanyopportunitiesaspossibletoshineD.letchildrenknow"whoistheboss"ineveryway69.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsparent'sbeinginchargeofchildren?A.Supportive.B.CriticalC.Ambiguous.D.Indifferent.70.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Idealparentsarcthoseneithertoopermissivenortoocontrolling.B.Childrenunderage11shouldnotbeallowedtomakedecisions.C.Psychologistsshowchildren'sself-esteemisfromindependence.D.Adultsareresponsibletoteachchildrenalltherulesinreallife.请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。TheAgeofEnvy:HowtoBeHappyWhenEveryoneElse'sLifeLooksPerfectWeliveintheageofenvy.Careerenvy,kitchenenvy,childrenenvy,foodenvy,upperayenvy,holidayenvy.Younameit,there'sanenvyforit.HumanbeingshavealwaysfeltwhatAristotledefinedinthe4thcenturyBCaspainatthesightofanother'sgoodfortune,stirredbythefeelingof“thosewhohavewhatweoughttohave”.Butwithsocialmedia,saysEthanKross,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofMichigan,envyisbeingtakentoanextreme."Weareconstantlybombardedby''photoshoppedlives,"hesays,"andthatexertsatollonusthelikesofwhichwehaveneverexperiencedinthehistoryofourspecies'ClinicalpsychologicalRachelAndrewsayssheisseeingmoreandmoreenvyinherconsultingroom,frompeoplewho"can'tachievethelifestyletheywantbutwhichtheyseeothershave."OuruseofplatformsincludingFacebook,Twitter,InstagramandSnapchat,shesays,amplifies(放大)thisdeeplydisturbingpsychologicaldiscord (失调),"Ithinkwhatsocialmediahasdoneismakeeveryoneaccessibleforcomparison,"sheexplains."Inthepast,peoplemighthavejustenviedtheirneighbors,butnowwecancompareourselveswitheveryoneacrosstheworld.”Andthosecomparisonsarenowmuchlessrealistic.Andrewhasobservedamongherpatientsthatknowingtheyarelookingataneditedversionofrealityisnodefenseagainsttheemotionalforceofenvy."WhatInoticeisthatmostofuscanintellectualizewhatweseeonsocialmediaplatforms—weknowthattheseimagesandnarrativesthatarepresentedaren'treal,wecantalkaboutitandrationalizeit—butonanemotionallevel,it'sstillpushingbuttons.Ifthoseimagesornarrativestapintowhatweaspireto,butwhatwedon'thave,thenitbecomesverypowerful.''AccordingtoDryden,acognitivebehavioraltherapist,whenitcomestothekindofenvyinspiredbysocialmedia,therearetwofactorsthatmakeapersonmorevulnerable(易受伤害的)：lowself-esteemanddeprivationintolerance,whichdescribestheexperienceofbeingunabletobearnotgettingwhatyouwant.Toovercomethis,hesays,thinkaboutwhatyouwouldteachachild.Theaimistodevelopaphilosophy,awayofbeingintheworld,whichallowsyoutorecognizewhensomeoneelsehassomethingthatyouwantbutdon'thave,andalsotorecognizethatyoucansurvivewithoutit,andthatnothavingitdoesnotmakeyoulessworthyorlessofaperson.Wecouldalsotrytochangethewaywehabituallyusesocialmedia.Krossexplainsthatmostthetime,PeopleuseFacebookpassivelyandjustidly,lazilyreadinginsteadofposting,messagingorcommenting."Thatisinterestingwhenyourealizeitisthepassiveusagethatissupposedtobemoreharmfulthantheactive.Thelinksbetweenpassiveusageandfeelingworseareveryrobust—wehavehugedatasetsinvolvingtensofthousandsofpeople,hesays.Whileitislessclearhowactiveusageaffectswell-being,theredoesseemtobeasmallpositivelink,heexplains,betweenusingFacebooktoconnectwithothersandfeelingbetter.Drydendifferentiatesbetweenunhealthyenvyanditshealthyforms,which,hesays,"canbecreative"Justashungertellsusweneedtoeat,thefeelingofenvy,ifwecanlistentoitintherightway,couldshowuswhatismissingfromourlivesthatreallymatterstous,Krossexplains.Andrewsays,"Itisaboutnamingitasanemotion,knowinghowitfeels,andthennotinterpretingitasapositiveoranegative,buttrying