高考英语经典实用5要点梳理重点突破选修8试题

作人：多莘创1．alternativen.可能的选择adj.供选择的；其他的2．starvationn．挨饿；饿死→starvevi.挨饿；饿死cynaccurateadj4．interruptvt.&vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或者中止5．assumevt.假定；设想sharpenvivt利；锋利；明晰→sharpenern．磨具；削具7．messyadj.混乱的；脏的→messn．混乱，脏8．botanyn．植物学→botanicaladj.植物学的，与植物学有关的9．analysisn．分析→analysespl.→analysevt.分析→analystn．分析者，化验员→analytic(al)adj.分析的，解析的10．categoryn．种类；类别；范畴11．significancen．意义；意思；重要性，重要意义12．deletevt.删；删除13．somehowadv.以……方式；不知怎么地14．academyn．学院；学会；学术团体；院校15．applaudvi.&vt.鼓掌欢送；赞赏→applausen．鼓掌16．acceleratevi.&vt.加速；促进17．arrestvt.逮捕；吸引n．逮捕；拘留18．dizzyadj.晕眩的；昏乱的；使人发晕或者困惑的1．regardlessof不管；不顾2．atmost至多；最多3．cutup切碎4．fedupwith受够了；饱受；厌烦5．lookahead向前看；为将来打算6．dateback追溯到……7．arrestsb.for...因……而逮捕某人8．withrelief欣慰地9．beproudof...以……为骄傲10．turntosb.forhelp向某人求助1．Ifonlyitcouldbejustlikelastyear!要是能跟去年那样有多好呀！2．ItisagreatpleasuretomeetyoustudentsfromEngland...见到你们这些来自英国的学生非常快乐……3．Itmusthavebeenveryuncomfortable.那肯定会非常不舒适。4．Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。5．Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.她突然坐了下去，结果被她正又笑又嚷的妹妹鲁娜一把抱大学生活即将开场，你将面对新的学习和生活环境。请根据提示写一篇英语短文，谈谈你打算如何安排你的大学生活。内容要点应包括：●确定新的学习目的●改良学习方法●参加各种课外活动●处理好与同学的关系Iwillgotocollegeinthenearfuture.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I_will_go_tocollege__in_the_nearfuture._AfterIentercollege,Iplantosetnewgoalsinmystudyandimprovemywayoflearning.What'smore,asIamawayfrommyparents,itisnecessaryfoetolearntoliveonmyown,suchasdoingsomewashingandcleaningbymyself.Inmysparetime,Iwilltakepartindifferentkindsofschoolactivities,forexample,IwilloftengototheEnglishCornertopractisemyspokenEnglish.Inaddition,Ineedtogetalongwellwithmyclassmatesandteachersatcollege.IthinkIwillhaveawonderfulcollegelife.1．alternativen.(两者或者两者以上)选择；二选其一；可供选择的东西；替代物adj.选其一的；替代的analternativeto...……的替代品havenoalternativebuttodosth.别无选择只好做……alternativeenergy可替代能源[即学即练1](1)Haveyougotan_____________suggestion?(2)You________________________marryingorremainingabachelor.你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉，任你选择。alternativehavethealternativeof(3)Wehave___________________________________.除了继续下去，我们没有选择的余地。(4)Thereis______________________________.除了战斗，没有其他的方法。noalternativebuttogoonnoalternativebuttofight2．interruptvi.打岔vt.暂时中断或者中止interruptionn.中断，打断interruptsb.打断某人的讲话或者正在做的事withoutinterruption不连续地[即学即练2](1)Don‘t_____________mewhileI’mbusy.我正忙着，不要打搅我。(2)Trafficinthecity__________________asnowstorm.内交通被暴风雪所阻断。erruptwasinterruptedby(3)I’msorryto____________you,butcouldyoutellmethewaytothehospital?errupt3．assumev.假定；设想assumptionn.假定，假设assumesth.认为某事assumethat－clasue认为……assumingthat...＝suppose/supposingthat假设……assumesb.tobe...认为某人是……(1)You__________hisinnocencebeforehearingtheevidenceagainsthim.＝You__________him____________innocentbeforehearingtheevidenceagainsthim.＝You____________heisinnocentbeforehearingtheevidenceagainsthim.在听到对他不利的证言前，你假定他是无罪的。assumeassumebeassumethat(2)___________/____________/_____________(that)itrains,whatshallwedo?假设下雨的话，我们怎么办？AssumingSupposeSupposing4．somehowadv.用某种方法，不知怎么地，不知为什么somehowadv.在句中做状语修饰动词，位置比拟灵敏somewhat略微，有点anyhow无论如何anyway无论如何；不管怎样；用任何方式[即学即练4](1)___________hewasafraidofher.不知为什么，他怕她。(2)Don’tworry,we’llgetthemoneyback____________.别担忧，我们总会把那些钱拿回来的。Somehowmehow(3)Iwas______________surprised.(4)Itmayrain,butweshallgo____________.可能要下雨，不过我们照走不误。somewhatanyway5．arrestn.逮捕；拘留vt.逮捕；吸引arrestsb.for因……而逮捕某人getarrested遭逮捕arrestone‘sattention引起注意underarrest被捕makeanarrest进展逮捕[即学即练5](1)Embry__________________stealingcars.恩布里因为偷车而被捕了。(2)Hewasplaced_______________________in1995.(3)Thepoliceexpectedto______________________soon.警方很快就会进展逮捕。wasarrestedforunderhousearrestmakeanarrest6．regardlessof不管；不顾inspiteof尽管；不管despite不管；尽管asregards关于，至于inregardto/of...关于inthisregard关于此事withregardto关于regardingprep.关于提示：regardlessof,inspiteof和despite后面不能直接跟从句，只能跟名词，但可以跟thefactthat...。[即学即练6](1)Theydecoratedthehouse____________thehighcost.他们不惜高额的费用装修房子。(2)Theycontinuedtowork______________thefactthatitwasraining.尽管天在下雨，他们还继续工作。regardlessofregardlessofmostat(the)least至少，不低于；无论如何atthebest不超过lmakethemostof(＝makefulluseof)充分利用leastofall(＝especiallynot)更不用说notintheleast(＝notatall)一点也不Therewereonlypeopleatthemeeting0个人参加了那个会议。at(the)mostat(the)mostatleast8．cutup切碎；割碎cutdown砍掉，砍倒；缩减，减少，削减cutthrough剪断，凿穿；抄近路穿过cutout剪下，切掉，割掉；删除；住口cutin插嘴，插入；打断(谈话)cutoff切掉；割掉；剪下，删去；切断，断绝；使别离，cutaway去掉；切掉；砍掉[即学即练8](1)①____________thecarrotsbeforeyouputthemintothepot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。②Thecook____________themeatforthepie.这厨师将肉切碎做肉饼。Cutupcutup(2)用适当的介、副词填空①Youwon'tbecutting______theofficestaff,then?②Thegashasbeencut______.③Johnandhisbrotherwerearguingsotheirmothertoldthemtocutit______andgotobed.④MrDaviscut______toaskifanyonewouldlikeadrink.⑤Hecut______theoldbranchesfromthetree.way9．lookahead向前看；为将来打算lookafter照顾，照料lookup仰视，查阅lookuptosb.尊敬某人lookdownon/uponsb.轻视；瞧不起lookin短时间是探访lookintosth.调查lookover阅读检查，观察lookthrough翻阅，查找[即学即练9](1)Just___________andyou‘llseeapagoda.只要向前望去，你就可以看到一座宝塔。(2)Wemust____________beforewegofurtherinthematter.在进一步进展这件事之前，我们必须把目光放远。(3)Wemust___________beforewemakeadecision.我们作出决定之前必须想得远一点。lookaheadlookaheadlookaheaddatebackto＝datefrom因追溯是从如今算起指向过去，所以这个短语常用一般如今时，也没有被动语态。Thisisanoldbuilding________________the16thcentury.这是一栋追溯至16世纪的古老建筑物。datesbacktodatingbackto(3)Thistown__________________Romantimes.这个城镇可追溯到罗马时代。(4)Theunearthedsword__________________theHanDynasty.这把出土的宝剑属于汉代。datesbacktodatesbackto1．ItisagreatpleasuretomeetyoustudentsfromEngland...我很快乐遇见你们这些来自英国的学生……pleasure本来是抽象名词，在此句中详细化，意思是“乐事；快事〞。①It‘sapleasuretomeetyou.认识你是非常快乐的事。②Shehasfewpleasuresleftinlife.她生活中已没有什么乐趣了。拓展：抽象名词的详细化是高考的常考点之一，现总结如下：(1)表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或者事，且表示变化了的词义时，这类抽apleasure乐事asuccess成功的人或者事asurprise奇异的事afailure失败的人或者事apity可惜的事amust必要的事aworry令人担忧的事awonder奇迹agreathelp有帮助的人或者事ayouth年轻人adanger危险的人或者物abeauty美人(2)表示抽象的特性、状态、思维、行为的一次、一种、一类、一下、一顿等意思时，常可组成“a/an＋抽象名词〞或者“a/an＋形容词＋抽象名词〞构造。haveasleep睡觉dieadeath死takeagreatinterest表现极大的兴趣takealook看getahighopinion得到很高的评价makeanapology抱歉haveagoodtime玩得快乐anart一种艺术adeliciousbreakfast(lunch,supper)可口的早餐(午餐、晚餐)[即境活用1]Sheis______success,______womanassheis.A．/;/B．a;aC．/;aD．a;/解析：考察冠词。第一空填a，表示“一位成功人士〞；第二空as引导让步状语从句时，句子需倒装且名词前不填冠词。2．Wehave_been_excavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。(1)句中的havebeendoing是如今完成进展时。sincethismorning等，其构成是“have/has＋been＋如今分词〞。Ihavebeenlookingformylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven’tfoundit.我已经花了三天的时间是找我丧失的书，但还没有找到。【注意】如今完成进展时与如今完成时的区别：①二者都可以表示动作的延续，区别在于：前者更强调动作的延续性，可以说是后者的强调形式。Wehavebeenlivingherefortenyears.(强调还要继续住下去)Wehavelivedherefortenyears不知道是否已经完毕)②在无时间是状语的情况下，前者表示动作仍在进展，而后者那么表示动作在过去已完毕。tudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexamaredfortheexamHispalefacesuggestsheisinbadhealth.他面色苍白，说明他身体不好。当suggest含义为“建议，提出〞时，后面跟从句时要用虚拟语气thatsb.shoulddo。Isuggestedtohimthatweshouldhandletheproblemanotherway.我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。Thedentistsuggestedthatshe(should)comeanotherday.牙医建议她改天再来。[即境活用2](1)Thetwocountries______tomaintaintheirmilitaryequationformanyyears.A．triedB．wastryingC．havetriedD．havebeentrying(2)Thesuggestionthatthemayor______theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.A．wouldpresentB．presentC．presentsD．oughttopresent3．Abruptlyshesatdown,only_to_be_scooped_upbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.她突然坐下，结果被她又笑又嚷的妹妹鲁娜抱了起来。onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna是不定式做结果状语，多表示意料之外的结果。Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.他匆匆忙忙地赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。提示：－ing形式做结果状语多表示由于前边的动作自然而然地导致后边的结果。如：①Theycaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones.它们可以在两分钟之内把一个人吃光，只剩骨头。②Europeanfootballisplayedinmorethan80countries,makingitthemostpopularsport.[即境活用3]Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.A．totellB．tobetoldC．tellingD．told考1.alternative/choice/selection(1)alternative一般强调在只有两种可能性或者者行为方式之间进展的选择。(2)choice泛指从一组人或者物中进展的自由选择，指选择，挑选，抉择。selection从许多可供选择的人或者物中择优选拔的意思。[应用1](1)Thestoreoffersawide______offruitandvegetables.商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。(2)Anunhappy_____________isbeforeyou.YourmotherwillneverseeyouagainifyoudonotmarryMrCollins,andIwillneverseeyouagainifyoudo.摆在你面前的是个很不幸的难题，你得自己去选择。假如你不嫁给柯林斯先生，你母亲就再也不想见你，而假如你要嫁给他，我就再也不愿见到你。choicealternative(3)Parentsshouldbecarefulintheir_____________ofthemoviestheiryoungchildrensee.家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心慎重。errupt/disturbinterrupt(2)disturb①打搅(尤指正在工作的人)；阻碍(某人的睡眠)②使烦恼(worry)[应用2](1)Ifyougetupearly,trynotto_________anyoneelse.假如你起得早，尽量不要打搅别人。(2)You’dbetternot___________himwhenheisspeeking.当他在说话时你最好别打断他。(3)I’msorryto___________you,butcanItalktoyouforamoment？对不起，打搅你一下，我能跟你谈一会儿吗？disturberruptdisturb3.如今完成进展时[应用3](1)—I'msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He______foritformonths.A．ispreparingB．waspreparingC．hadbeenpreparedD．hasbeenpreparing解析：从语境可知prepare这一动作从过去一直持续到说话时。故用havebeendoing。(2)Sheoughttostopworking.Shehasaheadachebecauseshe______alldaylong.A．hasbeenreadingB．hadreadC．isreadingD．read解析：主句用了一般如今时，从句强调到如今为止，一直在读书，所以用如今完成进展时。(3)CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe______Englishforayear.A．studiesB．studiedC．isstudyingD．hasbeenstudying解析：凯茜正在阳光记语法笔记，她一直在那里学英语，到如今一年了。(4)EversincetheGreensmovedtothecountryayearago,they______betterhealth.A．areenjoyingB．havebeenenjoyingC．couldhaveenjoyedD．hadenjoyed解析：eversince(自从……以来)引导从句时，主句要用完成时态。本句强调“一直进展〞，所以选B。(5)—Didyoufindthemissingcoupleinthemountainyesterday?—No,butwe______togetintouchwiththemeversince.A．havetriedB．havebeentryingC．hadtriedD．hadbeentrying解析：从情景可知，句子的谓语应使用如今完成时态，排除C、D两项。如今完成时表示动作到如今完毕；如今完成进展时那么表示动作持续到如今并且要延续到将来。运用到此题表示“过去一直并且以后也要尽力去获得联络〞。1．Ihavetos__________thepencil.Itdoesn’twritewell.2．Millionswillfaces________________nextyearasaresultofthedrought.3．Afterherperformance,theaudiencestoodupanda__________theactressforalongtime.4．It’swidelyacceptedthatbotanyfallsintothec_____________ofbiology.5．Youcanbepaidincashweeklyorbychequemonthly;thosearethetwoa_______________.arpenstarvationapplaudedcategoryalternativesHewasformurdering7．Childrenmustlearnnotto___________(打断谈话)．8．__________(假定)itrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?9．Whowilllearnalanguage____________(不管)ofmethods,materials,orteachers?(不知怎么地),themessagewaspassed.arrestederruptAssumingregardlessSomehow1．—Wouldyoudomeafavorandgivemearide?—______.A．It'smypleasureB．NotroubleC．Yes,that'srightD．Withpleasurepleasure的意思为“非常愿意〞，用来答复对方的恳求。应选D。2．(2021·卷)Asthereislessandlesscoalandoil,scientistsareexploringnewwaysofmakinguseof______energy,suchassunlight,windandwaterforpowerandfuel.A．primaryC．instantB．alternativeD．unique3．Weallcangooutforapicnicthisafternoon—______thattheothersagree.A．toassumeB．assumedC．assumeD．assuming4．HerfriendIreferredtojustnowwas______forfraud.A．suspectedB．chargedC．accusedD．arrested5．Attimesthisbalanceofnatureis______，resultinginanumberofpossiblyunforeseeneffects.A．troubledB．disturbedC．confusedD．interruptede6．______，wemustexpectchangestobemadeinoursystemofteaching.A．LookingaroundB．LookingaheadC．WatchingoutD．Seeingaround解析：句意为：向前看，我们必须期望教学系统的变化。7．______thebadweather,theathleticmeetingwillbeheldontime.A．IncontrastwithB．InrelationtoC．OnbehalfofD．Regardlessof8．IwasoverjoyedtopasstheoralEnglishtest______，thoughIwasnotgoodatit.A．somewhatB．anyhowC．anywayD．somehow9．______theChristmasholidayswouldcomesooner!A．OnlyifB．IfC．IfonlyD．Unless10．I’mreally______thisweather－whycan’titbesunnyforachange?A．feduptoB．fedonC．fedtoD．fedupwith解析：句意：我真的受够了这种天气——为什么不变一下，出出太阳？befedupwith为固定构造，意为“厌烦……〞，符合语意要求。A．IfyouaskaB．AskedsomeC．AskanyD．Havingaskedevery解析：考察“祈使句＋and/or＋结果分句〞句型。该句型中祈使句用动词原形，祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，本句可改为IfyouaskanyChinesewhichcityisfamousforiceandsnow,theanswerissuretobeHarbin.注意：改成条件状语从句时主句前没有连词and。students.A．shallB．canC．willD．must解析：考察情态动词。这里用can表示“有时会，可能会〞。语意：如今有硕士学位的毕业生也可能会找不到高薪工作……13．Thecarrotshouldbe______intosmallpiecesbeforeyouputthemintotheboilingwater.A．cutdownB．cutoffC．cutinD．cutup14．______whatwecando,we’llhavetodecreaseourdependenceonoilandreduceouroverallenergyconsumption.A．IntermsofB．IncaseofC．AsaresultofD．Infaceof们可以做的而言，我们将不得不减少对石油的依赖，并减少我们的整体能源消耗。根据句意选A。15．－It’salongtime______Isawyoulast.－Yes,andwhatapityitisnowthatitwillbealongtime______weseeeachotheragain.A．before;sinceB．since;whenC．since;beforeD．when;before＋句子，再过多久才……，从句谓语用一般如今时表示将来；或者Itwas＋一段时间是＋before＋句子，没多久就……，从句谓语用过去时，应选C。Ⅲ.阅读理解AAtypicalChineseInternetuserisayoungmalewhoprefersinstantmessagingtoe－mail,seldommakesonlinepurchasesandfavorsnews,musicandgamessites.Accordingtoastudy,abouttwothirdsofsurveyparticipantsusetheInternetfornews－oftenentertainment－related—orforonlinegames.Abouthalfdownloadmusicandmovies.withotherswhohavethesameprofessions,hobbiesandpoliticalinterests.OnlinepurchasesstillremainunpopularinChina.ThreequartersofuserssurveyedhaveneverboughtanythingovertheInternet,andonly10percentmakepurchasesevenonceamonth.Amongthosewhodobuyonline,mostpayforentertainmentwhileothersbuyphonecards,orcomputerhardwareorsoftware.theycaneasilybringitback.〞Thesurveywasdoneinfivemajorcities:Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,ChengduandChangsha.Resultsdonotnecessarilyprojectngmale,richerandmorehighlyeducated.MalesmakeuptwothirdsoftheInternetcommunity,andmorethan80percentofusersareunder24.Amongpeopleaged25to29,60percentto80percentgoonline.Chinahasmorethan100millionpeopleonline,secondintheworldtotheUnitedStates.1.AtypicalChineseInternetuserwillbetheonewho______.A.likestosendemailsB.likestobuygoodsonlineC.likestopayforentertainmentD.likesthegamessites．D。由文章第一段可知。2.OnlinepurchasesstillremainunpopularinChinamainlybecause______.A.itismoredifficultforsalesreturnsB.peoplehaven‘tcomputersC.peoplecan’thavealookatthegoodsD.goodsboughtonlineareoflowquality3.Whichofthefollowingwordsfailstodescribethetypicalnetizensinthefivecities?A.Welleducated.B.Richer.C.Female.D.Young.4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingshowstherightrelationbetweenonlinepeopleandtheirages?BAcomputervirusisaprogramorpieceofcodethatisloadedontoyourcomputerwithoutyourknowledgeandrunsagainstyourwishes.Allcomputervirusesareman－made.Herearesomeviruspreventiontips.Donotopenanyfilesattachedtoanemailfromanunknown,suspiciousoruntrustworthysource.Donotopenanyfilesattachedtoanemailunlessyouknowwhatitis,evenifitappearstocomefromadearfriendorsomeoneyouknow.Somevirusescanreplicate复(制)themselvesandspreadthroughemail.Betterbesafethansorryandconfirmthattheyreallysentit.Donotopenanyfilesattachedtoanemailifthesubjectlineisquestionableorunexpected.Iftheneedtodosoisthere,alwayssavethefiletoyourharddrivebeforedoingso.Deletechainemailsandjunkemails.Donotforward(转寄)orreplytoanyofthem.These