藻类的采集和鉴定课件

IdentificationandCollectionofAlgae

SampleCollectionMonitoringSiteSelection1MonitoringTimeSelection2RequiredEquipment3CInstituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversityMonitoringSiteSelection11Segmentsthathaveverydifferentwaterqualityorpollutionpotentialinspecificareasshouldhavemorethanonestation.2Selectmonitoringsitesthatbestrepresentwaterqualityconditionsofawaterbody.3SInstituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversityMonitoringTimeSelection1-4times/monthSamplingfrequencyAccordingtodifferentprogramSummerseasonalSpringSInstituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversityMonitoringTimeSelectionFlowBaselinemonitoringincludessamplescollectedoverarangeofflowconditions.FlowWhensamplesarecollectedduringabnormallyhighorlowflow,theabnormalconditionswillberecordedinthefieldlogbookandontheobservationlinesofthesampledataform.

Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversityMonitoringTimeSelectionRainLastrainfallinformationisveryusefulininterpretinghistoricaldata.TidalTidalconsiderationsDailyThesametimeindifferentdays(eg.8:00-10:00am)Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversity定量采样方法：用采水器取水面以下0.5m至离湖底0.5m的混合水样10L。定性样品用孔径为6μm或10μm的浮游生物网过滤获得。RequiredEInstituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversity边长1M45cm9cm63cm自制浮游植物网Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversity不同水体定量样品的采集对于一般富营养化调查，取水面以下0.5米处的水样即可。对于多样性调查，则要取生物多样性更高的地方，所以多采取混合水样。没有分层的浅水湖泊，每1米一个样取至水底上方0.5米处。有分层的水体，应取至透明度的1.5倍且包括斜温层的深度。Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversity其它采样用品透明度盘浊度计pH计多参数水质仪Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversity透明度测定Procedure◘Lowerdiskintothewaterontheshadedsideoftheboatwhilekeepingafirmgripontheline.◘Asthediskislowered,countthenumberofdepthmarksontheline.◘Keeploweringthediskuntilitisnolongervisible;recordthedepthaccordingthelinemarks.◘Slowlyraisethedisk,andwhenitappearsagain,recordthedepth.◘TheaverageofthesetwodepthsistheSInstituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversityFieldDataLogbooksStationID

SamplingDate

Location

SamplingDepth(ifotherthansurface)

SamplingTime

SampleCollector'sInitials(ifseveralpersonsintheregioncollectthisdata)

Recordofallmeasuredfieldparametersandtheirrespectivevalues.Foreachvisittoanindividualstationwherefieldand/orsamplesarecollectedrecordthefollowing:Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversityFieldDataLInstituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversityOtherObservationsWaterAppearanceColor,unusualamountofsuspendedmatter,debrisorfoam,etc.WeatherRecentmeteorologicaleventsthatmayhaveimpactedwaterquality;heavyrains,coldfront,verydry,verywet,etc.BiologicalActivityExcessivemacrophyte,phytoplanktonorperiphytongrowth,Theobservationofwatercolorandexcessivealgalgrowthisveryimportantinexplaininghighchlorophyllavalues.Otherobservationssuchasfish,Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversityOtherObservationsUnusualOdorsHydrogensulfideodor,mustyodor,sewageodor,etc.WatershedorInstreamActivitiesInstreamordrainagebasinactivitiesoreventsthatareimpactingwaterquality;bridgeconstruction,shorelinemowing,livestockwateringupstream,Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversitySampleFixation固定液的配方如下：定性样品固定液甲醛：丙三醇：水=10：10：80（体积比），可再加1ml冰醋酸，可以防止易收缩的藻类变形。定量样品固定液（鲁哥试液）20g碘化钾溶解于含有20ml冰醋酸的200ml的水中，再加10g碘溶解其中，用棕色瓶保存。改良的可加4ml丙三醇，可用于对浮游动物的保存。Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversity从10L混合水样中取1L作为定量样品，用Lugol’s碘液固定并沉淀浓缩至50mL，作定量计数用。将部分样品经酸处理，用于在油镜下对硅藻进行鉴定。Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversitySedimentationandConcentration沉淀和浓缩在筒形分液漏斗中进行。把分液漏斗固定在架子中，放在稳定的桌子上。将水样倒入分液漏斗，使浮游植物自然沉淀。理论上，浮游植物最小颗粒沉降速率为0.3cm/h,若分液漏斗中水柱高度为20cm，则需沉淀60h。实际上，藻类大小在1μm～50μm之间，经碘液固定后，下沉较快，所以静置时间一般可为48Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversity分级沉淀法将剩余的藻液（约20mL）放入容积为50mL的试剂瓶中。试剂瓶事先在30mL处做好标记。用吸出的上层清液冲洗分液漏斗2－3次，一起放入试剂瓶中，定容到30mL。需要长期保存的样品，应加入少许甲醛溶液，并用石蜡或parmarfilm膜封口。样品瓶上应写明采样日期，地点，采样体积和浓缩体积等Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversityIdentifyandCount对采到的优势种要求鉴定到种，一般到属。疑难种类要保存标本以备进一步鉴定。浮游植物计数框：由玻璃条组成的方框，面积为20mm×20mm，容量为0.1mL，框内划分为横直各10行格，共100个小方格。将计数样品充分摇匀后，迅速吸取0.1mL样品至计数框中，盖上盖玻片。计数框内应无气泡，也不应有样品溢出。气温高时，为了防止在长时间计数过程中水分蒸发而出现气泡，可在盖玻片四周封以液体石蜡。计数时，显微镜的目镜可用10×，物镜用40×，但根据情况可加以变动。Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversityNote采用某种计数方法后，不要随意改变，以保证结果的可比性。若遇到一个浮游植物个体或细胞的一部分在行格或视野内，另一部分在行格或视野外，则可自行规定。如：在行格上线或视野上半圈的个体或细胞不计数，而在下线或下半圈的细胞计数。计数前应对样品做定性观察，以熟悉主要种类及其形态特点。计数时应把注意力集中到主要种类，对数量极少的稀有种类，一时确定不了归属的，可先计数，需要时再鉴定种类。当某一个或几个优势种的数目非常多时，可用计数器，对其单独计数。必要时先统计这些种类的数目，再看其它种类。Instituteofhydrobiology,JinanUniversity对于比较难判断细胞数的群体，则任选20个个体在高倍下观察，测出细胞数，取平均值。由于硅藻在直接观察时无法定种，所以计数时先计算总的硅藻细胞数，然后将部分样品酸处理后在油镜下定种并计算出各种硅藻间细胞数的比例。Instituteofhydr