北京地区学位英语考试试题汇编及答案2003年-2014年合辑必备

北京地区成人本科学士

学位英语统一考试试题（A）

PartIReadingComprehension(30%)

Directions:Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked

AfCandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespond!ngletter

ontheAnswerSheet\vithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Passage1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Afterabusydayofworkandplay,thebodyneedstorest.Sleepisnecessary

forgoodhealth.Duringthistime,thebodyrecoversfromtheactivitiesofthe

previousday.(76)TherestIhalyougelehiIesleepingenablesyourbodyt<)prepare

itselfforthenextday.

Therearefourlevelsofsleep,eachbeingalittledeeperthantheonebefore.

Asyousleep,yourmusclesrelaxlittlebylittle.Yourheartbeatsmoreslowly,

andyourbrainslowsdown.Afteryoureachthefourthlevel,yourbodyshiftsback

andforthfromonelevelofsleeptotheother.

Althoughyourmindslowsdown,fromtimetotimeyouwilldream.Scientistswho

studysleepstatethatwhendreamingoccurs,youreyeballsbegintomovemorequickly

(althoughyoureyelidsareclosed).ThisstageofsleepiscalledREM,whichstands

forrapideyemovement.

(77)Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep,somepeoplerecommendbreathingvery

slowlyandverydeeply.Otherpeoplebelievethatdrinkingwarmmilkwillhelpmake

youdrowsy.Thereisalsoanoldsuggestion.Otherpeoplebelievedthatdrinking

warmmilkwillhelpmakeyoudrowsy.Thereisalsoanoldsuggestionthatcounting

sheepwillputyoutosleep!

1.Agoodtitleforthispassageis.

A.SleepB.GoodHealthC.DreamsD.WorkandRest

2.Theword“drowsy“inthelastparagraphmeans___.

A.sickB.standupC.asleepD.alittlesleepy

3.Thispassagesuggeststhatnotgettingenoughsleepmightmakeyou.

A.dreammoreoftenB.havepoorhealthC.nervousD.breathequickly

4.DuringREM,___.

A.youreyesmovequicklyB.youdream

C.youarerestlessD.bothAandB

5.Theaveragenumberofhoursofsleepthatanadultneedsis___.

A.approximatelysixhoursB.aroundtenhours

C.abouteighthoursD.notstatedhere

Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Obviouslytelevisionhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.

(78)Inthefirstplace,televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceof

entertainment,butalsoacomparativelycheapone.WithaTVsetinthefamilypeople

don,thavetopayforexpensiveseatsatthetheatre,thecinema,ortheopera.

Al1theyhavetodoistopushabuttonorturnaknob,andtheycanseeplays,films,

operasandshowsofeverykind.Somepeople,however,thinkthatthisiswherethe

dangerlies.Thetelevisionviewersneeddonothing.Hedoesnotevenhavetouse

hislegsifhehasaremotecontrol.Hemakesnochoice,doesnoexercises,andmakes

nojudgment.Heiscompletelypassiveandhaseverythingpresentedtohimwithout

anyeffortonhispart.

Television,itisoftensaid,keepsoneinformedaboutcurrenteventsandthe

latestdevelopmentsinscienceandpolitics.Themostdistantcountriesandthe

strangestcustomsarebroughtrightintoone'ssittingroom.Itcouldbeargued

thattheradioperformsthisserviceaswell;butontelevisioneverythingismuch

moreliving,muchmorereal.Yethereagainthereisadanger.Thetelevisionscreen

itselfhasaterrible,almostphysicalcharmforus.(79)Wegetsousedtolooking

atthemovementsonit,sodependentonitspictures,thatitbeginstocontrolour

lives.Peopleareoftenheardtosaythattheirtelevisionsetshavebrokendown

andthattheyhavesuddenlyfoundthattheyhavefarmoretimetodothingsandthat

theyhaveactuallybeguntotalktoeachotheragain.Itmakesonethink,doesn't

it?

Therearemanyotherargumentsforandagainsttelevision.Wemustrealizethat

televisionitselfisneithergoodnorbad.Itistheusesthatitisputtothat

determineitsvaluetosociety.

6.Whatisthemajorfunctionofparagraph1?

A.ToarousethereaderJsconcern

B.Tointroducethethemeofthewholepassage

C.Tosummarizethewholepassage

D.TostatetheprimaryusesofTV

7.Television,asasourceofentertainment,is__.

A.notveryconvenientB.veryexpensive

C.quitedangerousD.relativelycheap

8.WhyaresomepeopleagainstTV?

A.BecauseTVprogramsarenotinteresting.

B.BecauseTVviewersaretotallypassive.

C.BecauseTVpricesareveryhigh.

D.BecauseTVhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.

9.OneofthemostobviousadvantagesofTVisthat___.

A.itkeepsusinformedB.itisverycheap

C.itenablesustohavearestD.itcontrolsourlives

10.Accordingtothepassage,whetherTVisgoodornotdependson_

A.itsqualityB.peopleysattitudetowardsit

C.howweuseitD.whenweuseit

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Toooftenyoungpeoplegetthemselvesemployedquitebyaccident,notknowing

whatliesinthewayofopportunityforpromotion,happinessandsecurity.Asaresult,

theyareemployeddoingjobsthataffordthemlittleornosatisfaction.（80）Our

schoolleaversfacesomuchcompetitionthattheyseldomcarewhatwheydoaslong

astheycanearnaliving.Somestaylongatajobandlearntolikeit;othersquit

fromonetoanotherlookingforsomethingtosuitthem.Theyounggraduateswholeave

theuniversitylookforjobsthatofferasalaryuptotheirexpectation.

Veryfewgooutintotheworldknowingexactlywhattheywantandrealizingtheir

ownabilities.Thereasonbehindallthisconfusionisthatthereneverhasbeen

apropervocationalguidanceinoureducationalinstitution.Nearlyallgrope（摸

索）inthedarkandtheirchiefconcernwhentheylookforajobistoaskwhatsalary

islike.Theyneverbothertothinkwhethertheyaresuitedforthejobor,even

moreimportant,whetherthejobsuitsthem.Havingajobismorethanmerelyproviding

yourselfandyourdependantswithdailybreadandsomemoneyforleisureand

entertainment.Itsetsapatternoflifeand,inmanyways,determinessocialstatus

inlife,selectionoffriends,leisureandinterest.

Inchoosingacareeryoushouldfirstconsiderthetypeofworkwhichwillsuit

yourinterest.Nothingismorepatheticthantakingonajobinwhichyouhaveno

interest,foritwillnotonlydiscourageyourdesiretosucceedinlifebutalso

ruinyourtalentsandultimatelymakeyouanemotionalwreck（受至!j严重伤害的人）and

abitterperson.

11.Thereasonwhysomepeopleareunlikelytosucceedinlifeisthatthey.

A.haveruinedtheirtalentsB.havetakenonanunsuitablejob

C.thinkofnothingbuttheirsalaryD.arenotawareoftheirownpotential

12.Thedifficultyinchoosingasuitablejobliesmainlyinthat__.

A.muchcompetitionhastobefaced

B.manyemployeeshavenoworkingexperience

C.theyoungpeopleonlycareabouthowmuchtheycanearn

D.schoolsfailtoofferstudentsappropriatevocationalguidance

13.Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostimportantaccordingtothepassage?

A.Yourjobmustsuityourinterest.

B.Yourjobmustsetapatternoflife.

C.Yourjobmustofferyouahighsalary.

D.Yourjobmustnotruinyourtalents.

14.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_

A.WhatCanAGoodJobOffer

B.EarningALiving

C.CorrectAttitudeOnJob-hunting

D.HowToChooseAJob

15.Theword“pathetic“inparagraph2mostprobablymeans.

A.splendidB.miserableC.disgustedD.touching

PartIIVocabularyandStructure(30%)

Directions:Inthispartthereare30incompletesentences.Foreachsentencethere

arefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletes

thesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle

linethroughthecenter.

16.Todaybooksare__toeveryonebecausetheyarenolongerexpensive.

A.availableB.preferableC.reliableD.actual

17.Weshallaskforsamples__andthenwecanmakeourdecision.

A.tobesentB.beingsentC.tosentD.tohavebeensent

18.Theforestfirecausedbythevolcanoisdifficulttobe__.

A.putoffB.putawayC.putoutD.putup

19.Itwasnot__midnightthattheydiscoveredthechildrenwerenotintheir

beds.

A.beforeB.atC.afterD.until

20.Thegirlisnothappyatthenewschool.Shehas__friendsthere.

A.fewB.afewC.littleD.quiteafew

21.Robotshavealready__humantasksintheindustrialfield.

A.takenonB.takenoutC.takenupD.takenover

22.Ican*tfindtherecorderintheroom.It__bysomebody.

A.musthavetakenB.mayhavetaken

C.mayhavebeentakenD.shouldhavebeentaken

23.Hetookthemedicine,butitdidn,thaveany__.

A.answerB.causeC.effectD.work

24.Itis__thatoveronemillionAmericansnowlivebelowthepovertyline.

A.judgedB.estimatedC.calculatedD.considered

25.Heleft__animportantdetailinhisaccount.

A.offB.overC.behindD.out

26.Whentherearesmallchildrenaround,itisnecessarytoputbottlesofpills

outof___.

A.handB.holdC.placeD.reach

27.Ihadn'tseenhimforyears,butI__hisvoiceonthetelephone.

A.realizedB.discoveredC.recognizedD.heard

28.Thisplace,originallyasmalltown,hasbeen__intoamoderncity.

A.transportedB.transferredC.transmittedD.transformed

29.Therewasnobody__whenwecameroundthecorner.

A.outofsightB.atsightC.bysightD.insight

30.We’11beonlytoogladtoattendyourparty__wecangetababy-sitter.

A.sofarasB.providedthatC.unlessD.exceptthat

31.Theycouldn't__himofhismistake.

A.adviseB.convinceC.persuadeD.believe

32.Theoldgentlemanneverfailstohelp__isinneedofhishelp.

A.whomB.whoC.whoeverD.whomever

33.underamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.

A.SeeingB.SeenC.ToseeD.Tobeseen

34.“WhenareyougoingtovisityouruncleinChicago?”

“Assoonas___ourworkfortomorrow.”

A.we'recompleteB.we'dcompleteC.we'11completeD.we

complete

35.NeitherJohnnorI__abletopersuadeRichard'sgrandfathertoattend

thewedding.

A.amB.areC.aretobeD.is

36.Youought__themattertothemanagerthedaybeforeyesterday.

A.toreportB.tohavereportedC.toreportingD.havereported

37.Welookforwardto___totheopeningceremony.

A.inviteB.beinvitedC.havingbeeninvitedD.beinginvited

38.Excuseme,butitistimetohaveyourtemperature___.

A.takingB.takenC.tookD.take

39.Icannot__thetruthofyourwords,althoughtheygoagainstmyinterests.

A.butadmitB.butadmittingC.helpbuttoadmitD.helpbut

admitting

40.WhenIwenttovisitMrs.Smithlastweek,Iwastoldshe__twodaysbefore.

A.hasleftB.wasleavingC.wouldleaveD.hadleft

41.Theboatwillnotarrive__forty-fourhours.

A.inB.atC.forD.by

42.Inwinter,animalshaveahardtime__anythingtoeat.

A.tofindB.tofindingC.tofindoutD.finding

43.Sinceyouwon'ttakeadvice,thereisno__inaskingforit.

A.placeB.pointC.reasonD.way

44.isknowntoall,toomuchsmokingwillcauselungcancer.

A.ThatB.ItC.AsD.What

45.Theyhavedevelopedtechniqueswhichare__tothoseusedinmostfactories.

A.moreB.betterC.greaterD.superior

PartIIIIdentification(10%)

Directions:EachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarkedA,B,

CandD.Identifytheonethatisnotcorrect.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter

ontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

46.]，moldenoughnottoletmytroublestointerferewithmywork.

ABCD

47.Itwasintheprimaryschoolwheremyteacherintroducedmetocomputers.

ABCC

48.Wheredidtheaccidentinwhichyourfriendwashurttookplace?

ABCD

49.Thereeretwelvepeopletakepartintheexperiment,fourworkingasagroup.

ABCD

50.Redaedgreenlight,ifmixing,intherightproportion,willgiveusyellow.

ABCD

51.WestronglysuggestthatSmithistoldabouthisphysicalconditionassoon

aspossible.

ABCD

52.Nearlythreequartersofthesurfaceoftheeartharecoveredwithwater,

andtherewould

ABC

beevenlesslandifthepolaricecapsweremelt.

D

53.Theseventeenthcenturywasonewhichmanysignificantadvancesweremade

inboth

ABCD

scienceandphilosophy.

54.Nomatterwhateverhappens,we'redeterminedtodoourbestandmakethe

experimenta

ABC

success.

D

55.Let'snotwastetimeonmattersofnoimportant.Wehaveothervita]problems

to

ABC

dealwith.

D

PartIVCloze(10%)

Directions:thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage,andforeachblankthere

are4choicesmarkedA,BtCandDattheendofthepassage.YoushouldchooseONE

answerthatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronthe

AnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

WhatdowemeanbyaperfectEnglishpronunciation?Inone56thereareas

manydifferentkindsofEnglishastherearespeakersofit.57twospeakersspeak

inexactlythesame58.Wecanalwaysheardifferences59them,andthe

pronunciationofEnglish60agreatdealindifferentgeographical61.How

dowedecidewhatsortofEnglishtouseasa62?Thisisnotaquestionthat

canbe63inthesamewayforallforeignlearnersofEnglish.64youlive

inapartoftheworld65IndiaorWestAfrica,wherethereisalong66of

speakingEnglishforgeneralcommunicationpurpose,youshould67toacquirea

goodvarietyofthepronunciationofthisarea.Itwouldbe68inthese

circumstancestouseasamodelBBCEnglishor69ofthesort.Ontheotherhand,

ifyouliveinacountry70thereisnotraditionaluseofEnglish,youmusttake

71yourmodelsomeformof72Englishpronunciation.Itdoesnot73very

muchwhichformyouchoose.Themost74wayistotakeasyourmodelthesort

ofEnglishyoucan_75_mostoften.

56.A.meaningB.senseC.caseD.situation

57.A.NotB.NoC.NoneD.Nor

58.A.typeB.formC.sortD.way

59.A.betweenB.amongC.ofD.from

60.A.changesB.variesC.shiftsD.alters

61.A.areasB.partsC.countriesD.spaces

62.A.directionB.guideC.symbolD.model

63.A.givenB.respondedC.symbolD.answered

64.A.BecauseB.WhenC.IfD.Whether

65.A.asB.inC.likeD.near

66.A.customB.useC.traditionD.habit

67.A.aimB.proposeC.selectD.tend

68.A.fashionB.mistakeC.nonsenseD.possibility

69.A.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.things

70.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.wherever

71.A.toB.withC.onD.as

72.A.practicalB.domesticC.nativeD.new

73.A.careB.affectC.troubleD.matter

74.A.effectiveB.sensitiveC.ordinaryD.careful

75.A.listenB.hearC.noticeD.find

PartVTranslation(20%)

SectionA

Directions:Inthisparttherearefivesentenceswhichyoushouldtranslateinto

Chinese.Thesesentencesarealltakenfromthe3passagesyouhavejustreadin

thepartofReadingComprehension.Youcanreferbacktothepassagessoasto

identifytheirmeaningsinthecontext

76.Therestthatyougetwhilesleepingenablesyourbodytoprepareitselffor

thenextday.

77.Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep,somepeoplerecommendbreathingveryslowly

andverydeeply.

78.Inthefirstplace,televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,

butalsoacomparativelycheapone.

79.Wegetsousedtolookingatthemovementsonit,sodependentonitspictures,

thatitbeginstocontrolourlives.

80.Ourschoolleaversfacesomuchcompetitionthattheyseldomcarewhatthey

doaslongastheycanearnaliving.

SectionB

Directions:InthisparttherearefivesentencesinChinese.Youshouldtranslate

themintoEnglish.Besuretowriteclearly.

81.他们试图想出一个解决这个问题的办法。

82.你离开教室时，别忘了关灯。

83.他喜欢一边做作业，一边听音乐。

84.我已了解清楚，他的结论是以事实为依据的。

85.对于年轻人来说，独立思考问题的能力很重要。

2003、11北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试（A）卷

参考答案

一、1—15ADBDDBDBACBDACB

二、16—25AACDADCCBD

26—35DCDDBBCBDA

36—45BDBADADBCD

三、46—55CCDBBCBAAB

四、56—65BBDABADDCC

66—75CABCADCDAB

五、

SectionA

76.睡眠时得到的休息，能够使（你的）身体为第二天的活动做好准备。

77.如果难于入睡，有人建议（此时）进行缓慢的深呼吸。

78.首先，电视不仅是（一种）便捷的、而且是廉价的娱乐来源。（或：首先，电视作为

娱乐的来源，不仅便捷而且廉价。）

79.我们（如此）习惯盯着屏幕上的一举一动、如此依赖它的画面，（以致）电视开始控制

我们的生活。

80.我们的毕业生面对的竞争如此激烈，以致他们不大在意从事什么工作，只要能养家糊

口就行。

SectionB

81.Theyaretryingtocomeupwithasolutiontotheproblem.

82.Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom..

83.Helikestolistentomusicwhiledoinghishomework.

84.Ihavemadesurethathisconclusionisbasedonfacts.

85.Asfortheyoung,theabilitytothinkontheirownisimportant.

2004年4月北京地区成人本科学士

学位英语统一考试试题（A）

Part1ReadingComprehension（30%）

Directions:Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked

A,BfCandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespond!ngletter

ontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Passage1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Ayoungster'ssocialdevelopmenthasaprofoundeffectonhisacademicprogress.

Kidswhohavetroublegettingalongwiththeirclassmatescanendupbehind

academicallyaswellandhaveahigherchanceofdroppingout（退学）.Intheearly

gradesespecially,expertssay,youngstersshouldbeencouragedtoworkingroups

ratherthanindividuallysothatteacherscanspotchildrenwhomaybehaving

problemsmakingfriends."Whenchildrenworkonaproject”,saysLillianKate,an

educationalprofessorattheUniversity&Illinois,“theylearntoworktogether,

todisagree,tothink,totaketurnsandlightentensionsTheseskillscan*tbe

learnedthroughlecture.Weallknowpeoplewhohavewonderfultechnicalskillsbut

don，thaveanysocialskills.RelationshipsshouldbethefirstR〃.

Atacertainage,childrenarealsolearningtojudgethemselvesinrelation

toothers.Formostchildren,schoolmarksthefirsttimethattheirgoalsarenot

setbyaninternalclockbutbytheoutsideworld.Justasthe1-year-oldstruggles

towalk,the6-year-oldisstrugglingtomeetadultexpectations."Youngkidsdon，t

knowhowtodistinguishbetweeneffortandabilityv,saysTynetteHills,professor

ofearly-childhoodeducationforthestateofNewJersey,"(76)iftheytryhard

todosomethingandfail,theymayconcludethattheywillneverbeabletoaccomplish

aparticulartask"."Theeffectsofobviousmethodsofcomparisonsuchasposting

gradescanbeserious”,saysHills,“achildwhohashadhisconfidencereallydamaged

needsarescueoperation'45*7.B

1.Theauthorseemstothinkthatakid'spoorrelationshipwithhisclassmates

would.

A.havenegativeeffectsonhisstudy

B.develophisindividualismbutlimithisintelligence

C.eventuallyleadtohisleavingschool

D.havenothingtodowithhisachievementsinacourse

2.Inthefirstparagraph,theword“spot"means__.

A.teachB.helpC.findD.treat

3.Formostchildren,schoolmakesthemunderstand__.

A.thatitissocietyratherthanindividualthatdecidesone'sfuture

B.thattheycanmeetthesocialneeds

C.thatone'seffortandone'sabilitycanbetwoquitedifferentmatters

D.thatsocialneedsandindividualneedshavenothingincommon

4.Whichofthefollowingismostunlikelyfortheauthortodo?

A.Totalktothestudentswhohavementalproblems.

B.Tohelpstudentsdevelopafeelingofself-respect.

C.Tokeepastudentfromplayingalone.

D.Toannounceastudentsscoresinpublic.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemajorconcernofthepassageaboutastudent's

needs?

A.Individualismandcooperation.

B.Academicsuccessandindependentthinking.

C.Socializationandfeelingofcompetence.

D.Intelligenceandrespect.

Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

IftheEuropeansthoughtadrought-alongperiodofdryweather-wassomething

thathappenedonlyinAfrica,theyknowbetternow.Afterfouryearsofbelow-normal

rainfall(insomecasesonly10percentoftheannualaverage),vastareasofFrance,

Spain,Portugal,Belgium,BritainandIrelandaredryandbarren(贫瘠).(77)Water

issolowinthecanalsofnorthernFrancethatwaterwaytrafficisforbiddenexcept

onweekends.Oyster(牡蛎)growsinBrittanyreporta30percentdropinproduction

becauseofthelossoffreshwaterinlocalriversnecessaryforoysterbreeding.

InsoutheasternEngland,therollinggreenhillsofKenthaveturnedsobrownthat

officialshavebeenweighingplanstopipeinwaterfromWales.InPortugal,farmers

inthesouthernAlentejoregionhaveheldprayermeetingforrain--sofar,invain.

(78)Governmentsindrought-spreadcountriesaretakingseveremeasures.

Authoritiesinhard-hitareasofFrancehavebannedwashingcarsandwateringlawns.

InBritain,waterwillsoonbemetered,likegasandelectricity."TheEnglishhave

alwaystakenwaterforgranted,“saysGrahamWarren,aspokesmanofBritain,s

NationalRiversAuthority."Nowthey'reputtingapriceonit.”Evenasudden

endtothedroughtwouldnotendthemiseryinsomeareas.Itwilltakeseveralyears

ofunusuallyheavywinterrain,theexpertssay,justtobringexistingwater

reservesuptotheirnormallevels.

6.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“theyknowbetternow?

A.Theyknowmoreaboutthecausesofthedrought.

B.TheyhaveabetterunderstandingofthedroughtinAfrica.

C.TheyhaverealizedthatthedroughtinEuropeisthemostseriousone.

D.TheyhaverealizedthatdroughtshitnotonlyAfricabutalsoEurope.

7.ThedroughtinEuropehasbroughtaboutallthefollowingproblemsexcept

A.below-normalrainfallB.difficultnavigation

C.asharpdropinoysterharvestD.bone-dryhills

8.TheBritishgovernmentintendsto

A.forbidthecar-washingserviceB.increasethepriceofthe

waterused

C.endthemiserycausedbythedroughtD.chargefeesfortheuseof

thewater

9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Germanyistheonlycountryfreefromthedrought

B.Waterreservesareattheirlowestlevelinyearsduetodrought

C.ThedroughtismoreseriousinBritainthaninFrance

D.Europewillnothaveheavyrainuntilseveralyearslater.

10.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

A.EuropeInMiseryB.DroughtAttacksEurope

C.BeEconomicalWithWaterD.Europe,AWould-beAfrica

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

How