Womenofachievement高考链接之主谓一致

高考链接—主谓一致考例1(09湖南)Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents______toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.A.areB.isC.haveD.be【解析】此题考查主谓一致的用法。主语由either…Or…连接时，遵循就近一致的原则，根据oneofyourstudents，谓语动词用单数，故答案为B项。考例2(09陕西)DrSmith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,______visitBeijingthissummer.A.isgoingtoB.aregoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.weregoingto【解析】A考查动词时态和主谓一致.主语中心词是Dr.Smith,表单数,谓语动词用单数形式;时间状语是thissummer,表计划性的将来,故时态用一般将来时,选A.考例3(09山东)ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities_____risingsteadilysince1990.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen【解析】C本题考查主谓一致和时态,主语是thenumber故谓语动词用单数,又因时间状语是since1997所以用完成时态.考例4(09四川)Theteachertogetherwiththestudents______discussingReadingSkillsthat_____newlypublishedinAmerica.A.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was【解析】D主语后有togetherwith时谓语动词就远原则，在题中应与theteacher一致；由语境ReadingSkills为一本书的名称故谓语动词应为单数。考例5（09江西）Atpresent,oneoftheargumentsinfavorofthenewairport_______thatitwillbringalotofjobstothearea.A.isB.areC.willbeD.was【解析】A。主语为“oneof+可数名词复数”时，谓语动词用单数语法归纳总结——主谓一致1.语法一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词为复数形式。如：Ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelpsme.我经常帮助他，他经常帮助我。Weoftenhelpeachotherandlearnfromeachother.我们经常互相帮助，互相学习。2.意义一致a.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：Thecrowdweresurroundingthegovernmentofficial.人群包围住了这位政府官员。形单意复的单词有：people,police,cattle等。如：TheChinesepeoplearebraveandhard-working.中国人民勇敢而又勤劳。b.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.《远大前程》是查尔斯•狄更斯１８６０年所著。形复意单的单词有：news，works和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称（如：“TheSelectedPoemsofLiBai”，theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations）以及以-ics结尾的学科名称（如：physics，politics，mathematics，economics等）。3.就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。a.并列主语用连词or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接，谓语应同相邻的主语保持人称和数的一致。如：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherenjoyslisteningtothemusic.不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。Areeitheryouorhewrong?要么是你错，要么是他错吗？b.在therebe表存在的句式中，主语是两个或多个名词（短语）的并列时，be的形式与最前边的一个名词（短语）一致。如：Thereisapen,twoknivesandseveralbooksonthetable.═Therearetwoknives,apenandseveralbooksonthetable.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。c.副词或介词短语在句首的倒装句中，必须认准哪是主语。如：Betweenthetwobuildingsstandsamonument.两幢楼之间耸立着一块纪念碑。Ontheshipwereover2,200people.Morethan1,500peoplelosttheirlives.Amongthosewastheyoungwoman.船上有2,2022人,1,500多人丧生，这位年轻妇女也在其中。4.就远原则就远原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于离它远的哪一个主语。当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按前面离他较远的主语的单、复数而定。如：Yourfatheraswellasyouisverykindtome.不仅你而且你的父亲对我都非常好。He,likeyouandXiaoLi,isveryclever.他象你和小李一样非常聪明。MrRobbins,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,isleavingLondonforParis.Robbins先生明天将和妻子和孩子离开伦敦去巴黎。二、主谓一致的注意事项A.名词作主语１、某些集体名词，如family,team等做主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Myfamilyislarge.我的家庭是个大家庭。（看作一整体）Myfamilyalllikemusic.我的家人都喜欢音乐。（指家庭中一个个成员之和）属于这类的集体名词还有：audience,class,club,company,crew,crowd,group,government,party,public,staff等。名词population一词的使用情况类似。如：Thepopulationoftheearthisincreasingveryfast.地球上的人口数增长很快。Onethirdofthepopulationinthiscountryenjoydrinkingcoffee.这个国家三分之二的人喜欢喝咖啡。“agroup(crowd)of＋复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。２、单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之，谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep,fish,deer,means(方法),works(工厂),Chinese,Japanese等。如：Everymeanshasbeentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.每一种方法都试过了却没什么结果。Allmeanshavebeentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.所有方法都试过了却没什么结果。Thisshoeworkswassetupin1980.这家鞋厂建于1980年。Thoseshoeworkswereallsetupin1980.这些鞋厂都建于1980年。当它们前面有a,sucha,this,that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all,such,these,those修饰时，谓语用复。３、名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Mydoctor’sisnotfarfrommyhome.我的家庭医生诊所离我家不远。Myuncle’sisjustacrossthestreet.我叔叔家在街对面。常见的省略名词有：thebaker’s,thebarber’s,thecarpenter’s,theSmith’s等等。表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但作主语时，谓语动词常常用复数。如：Richardson’shavealotofgoodstosell.Richardson的店里有许多货可卖。４、当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Twohoursisenoughformetofinishthework.两小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。TwohundreddollarsgivesJackmuchhelp.两百美元帮了Jack大忙。５、如果主语有morethanone…或manya…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍然用单数形式。如：Morethanonecomradehasaskedtostay.不止一位同志已经要求留下。Manyapassengerwaskilledintheaccident.许多乘客在这一次事故中丧生。但是“more＋复数名词＋thanone”结构及“morethanonehundred＋复数名词”结构之后，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.不止一位成员反对你的计划。６、不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词及each…andeach…,every…andevery…,no…andno…,manya…andmanya…结构做主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.所有男的和女的都在工作。Manyadeskandmanyabenchistobetakenoutofthehall.许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。７、表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks(筷子),compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如与akindof,apairof,thepairof,aseriesof连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Thetrousersareinthedrawer.裤子在抽屉里。Thereisapairofshoesunderthebed.有一双鞋在床下。Thepairofshoesisratherexpensive.这双袜子很贵。８、thiskindofbook═abookofthiskind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语thiskindofbooks═booksofthiskind═thesekindofbooks（口语）（这类书），但thiskindofbooks作主语时，谓语动词用单数；booksofthiskind和thesekindofbooks作主语时，谓语动词用复数。all/thesekindsof后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Thiskindofbooksisverypopularwithyoungpeople.这类书很受年轻人欢迎。Booksofthiskindareverypopularwithyoungpeople.这类书很受年轻人欢迎。Thesekindofpartiesaredangerous.这类政党很危险。Allkindsofflowershavecomeoutinthevalley.山谷里各种各样的花已竞相开放。９、如果名词词组的中心词是all,most,rest,some,neither,none,no等词，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之用单数。如：Someofthepigeonshavebeenmissing.一些鸽子已经不见了。Someoftheicehasmeltedsofar.迄今已有一些冰融化掉了。Allofthewaterintheareahasbeenseriouslypolluted.这地区所有水都已受严重污染。Allofthebookshavebeensoldout.所有的书都已被卖完了。Noneofushavebeenthere.我们没人去过那里。Noneofthestolenmoneyhasbeenfoundyet.被偷的钱至今一点也未找到。Therestofthestudentsarewateringtrees.其余的学生正在浇树。Therestofthewinehasgonebad.剩下的酒已经变质了。10.在oneof+复数名词+who(what,which)引导的定语从句中，从句谓语动词常用复数；若one前有the(only)等修饰语时，从句谓语动词常用单数。Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.Thisistheonlyoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathasbeenasked.11.population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。Over80percentofthepopulationofChinaarepeasants(农民).ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofanyothercountryintheworld.B.由连接词and连接的名词作主语用and或both…and连接并列主语，表示不同概念，谓语动词常用复数。如：Youandhebothstandup.你和他都站了起来。Waterandairarebothimportant.水和空气都很重要。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.岁月不待人。但并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时，即指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：⑴相关名词并列表示整体概念。如：ironandsteel钢铁lawandorder治安breadandbutter黄油面包⑵配套事物。如：awatchandchain一块带链的表aneedleandthread针线acoatandtie配有领带的上衣Aknifeandforkisneededforawesternmeal.吃西餐时要用刀和叉。Thecartandhorseiscoming.马车来了。⑶表示兼职或有多个称呼的人。如：theworkerandpoet这位工人兼诗人Thewriterandteacherisspeakingatthemeeting.这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。⑷两个完全重合的概念并列。如：aimandend目的truthandhonesty真诚capacityandefficiency效能loveandaffection情感Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.爱与被爱是幸福。Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.早睡早起是好习惯。C.代词作主语１、名词性物主代词作主语时，根据它所替代的是单数还是复数来确定谓语动词的单、复数。Theirs(theirclassroom)isabigclassroom.他们的教室是一个大教室。Yourtrousersareblackandminearebrown.你的裤子是黑色的，我的是棕色的。２、such,thesame起指示代词作用，应根据其所指的内容来确定单、复数。如：Suchisourplan.这就是我们的计划。Sucharemyhopes.这些就是我的愿望。３、关系代词which,who,that在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与其前的先行词的数保持一致。如：Thosewhowanttogoshouldsignyournameshere.想去的人在这儿签上你们的名字。Heisoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatmath.他是那些擅长数学的学生中的一位。Heistheonlyoneofthechildrenwhooftenspeaksillofothersbehindtheirbacks.他是这些孩子中唯一经常在背后讲别人坏话的人。４、疑问代词who,what,which做主语时，谓语动词可以根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Wholivesnextdoor?It'sXiaoLiu.Wholivenextdoor?It'sZhangandLiu.５、不定代词any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：单独做主语，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。例如：Nowallhasbeenchanged.Allarepresentatthemeeting.either,neither,any,none单独作主语，谓语通常用单数。但是后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，谓语动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更为常用。如：Neitherofthemis(are)interestedinchemistry.他们俩都对化学不感兴趣。Do(Does)anyofthemknowEnglish?他们中有人懂英语吗？Noneofthemlike(likes)football.他们中没人喜欢足球。D.分数、量词作主语１、“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,halfof,aheapof,heapsof＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：Morethan70percentofthesurfaceofourplanetiscoveredbywater.我们星球的表面百分之七十多都被水覆盖着。Onethirdofthestudentsaregirlsinourgroup.我们队三分之一的学生是女生。注意：alargequantityof后加复数名词或不可数名词，其短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，而(large)quantitiesof后加复数名词或不可数名词，其短语作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。如：Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.这儿需要大批人。Largequantitiesoffoodhaverottenaway.大量食物都已经腐烂了。短语inquantity,inlargequanities意为“大量的”；insmallquantities意为“少量的”。２、agreatdealof/alargeamountof修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但largeamountsof修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：Agreatdealofricewastakenfromthecountrytothecitybyrailway.很多大米通过铁路从乡下运往城市。Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.许多钱都花在这座桥的建设上了。３、anumberof＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数：thenumberof＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Anumberofstudentsaregoingforapicnicthisweekend.这个周末许多学生将去野炊。ThenumberofdaysinFebruarythisyearis28.今年二月份的天数是二十八天。４、oneandahalf后，名词要用复数形式，但其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Oneandahalfbananashasbeeneatenbythechild.这孩子已经吃了一根半香蕉。５、halfof,(a)partof修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Halfofthebuildingisfinished.这幢大楼已经建了一半。PartoftheglassesinthestorearemadeinSuzhou.店里部分玻璃杯是苏州产的。E.名词化的形容词作主语“the＋形容词（或过去分词或现在分词）”如：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thewounded,theinjured,theunemployed,thedying,theliving等结构担任主语表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但也有少数的形容词或过去分词与定冠词连用指个别或表示抽象的概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：Theyoungaremoreactivethantheoldinthework.做这项工作青年人比老年人积极。Theinjuredintheaccidentisanengineer.在这次事故中受伤的那人是位工程师。Thebeautifulattractsallthetourists.美景吸引住了所有的游客。F.动名词、不定式短语和从句作主语动名词、不定式短语和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnotsodifficultasyouthink.学一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。Smokingisbadforhealth.吸烟有害健康。Thathehaswonthegameisknowntousall.他赢了这场比赛是我们众所周知的事。但what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：Whatweneedismoretime.我们需要的是更多的时间。Whatweneedaregoodteachers.我们需要的是好老师。小试牛刀1.Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeofdaysandweeks_________sosmallthatadayisunimportant.[2022湖南卷]A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen2.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts___thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek____goodforone’shealth.[2022江西卷]A.show;areB.shows;isC.show;isD.shows;are3.—Didyougototheshowlastnight?—Yeah,Everybodyandeverygirlinthearea______invited.[2022陕西]A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was4.ProfessorJamesillgiveusalectureonthewesternculture,buthenandwhere____yet.[2022浙江]A.hasn’tbeendecidedyetB.haven’tdecidedC.isn’tbeingdecidedD.aren’tdecided5.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,twothirdsofthebuildingsinthetown________.[2022陕西]A.needrepairingB.needsrepairingC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair6.Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonroads_______risingthesedays.[2022全国II]A.waskeepingB.keepC.keepsD.werekeeping答案：ABDAAC【主谓一致专项检测】1.Whom_______thispairofglassesbelongtoandwhose________theglassesonthetable?A.does;is B.do;are C.does;are D.do;is2.There_______apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk. A.are B.is C.has D.have3.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica________oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld. A.is B.are C.was D.were4.“All______presentandall________goingonwell,”ourmonitorsaid. A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are5.Ihavefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich_________verydifficult. A.is B.are C.was D.were6.Thetroublewithsuchresourcesascoal,oilandgas______thattheyarenotrenewable. A.hasbeen B.are C.havebeen D.is7.Morethanoneexample_______necessarytomakethestudentsunderstandthisruleclearly. A.shouldbe B.is C.are D.havebeen8.Althoughmanyofthehousesinthesmalltown______stillinneedofrepair,there_______lotsofimprovementintheirappearance. A.are;hasbeen B.is;havebeen C.is;are D.are;was9.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly_________agoodhabit. A.is B.are C.were D.was10.Thepolice_______askedthatanyonewhosawtheaccidentshouldgetintouchwith_______. A.have;them B.has;him C.have;him D.has;them11.MyfriendandclassmatePaul________horse-ridinginhissparetime. A.practice B.practices C.ispracticed. D.ispracticing12.Peoplelikebeautifulthings,butthebeautiful________notalwaystheuseful. A.is B.are C.was D.were13.―Areyouveryanxious?―Yes.Tenminutes________likeanhourwhenyouarewaitingforaphonecall. A.seem B.seems C.do D.does14.Onthewall________twolargepicturesofhisparents. A.hangs B.hanged C.hanging D.hang15.That’stheoneofthesubjectsthat___________tostartaconversation. A.intends B.intend C.areintended D.isintended16.I,who_________yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourstudy. A.be B.am C.are D.is17.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI_______goodatpainting.Bothofus_________goodpainters.A.are;are B.am;are C.is;is D.are;is18.Settingfiretothepublicbuildings________highlydangerousandforbiddenbylaw.A.are B.is C.has D.were19._________visitorstotheUKwereaskedbynewspaperreporterswhattheirimpressionsoftheBritishpeoplewere. A.Thenumberof B.Anumberof C.Numbersof D.Anynumbersof20.Thefirsttwoquestionswereeasy,buttherestofthem_______not. A.was B.were C.being D.tobe21.“Thepublic_______thebestjudge.”means“thepublicalways______theirthoughtscorrectly.” A.are;express B.are;expresses C.is;express D.is;express22.Thiskindofcakes______goodwhilecakesofthatkind________different. A.taste;are B.tastes;are C.smells;is D.look;are23.Wheretofindtheteacherandwheretodotheexperiment_________. A.arenotknown B.isnotknown C.hasnotknown D.havenotknown24.Themanagerorhissecretary______togiveyouaninterview. A.is B.are C.was D.were25.Thattheyhavecheatedtheboys________nowcleartousall. A.is B.are C.was D.were26.Theold________takengoodcaveofinourcountry. A.is B.has C.are D.have27.ItseemstomethatwhatLucysawandheard________veryinteresting. A.was B.were C.is D.are28.Everymeans_______tried,butinvain. A.havebeen B.hasbeen C.are D.is29.Manyaboyandmanyastudent________lookingforwardtovisitingtheUnitedStatesofAmericaatpresent. A.are B.were C.is D.was30.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_______animportantpartindailycommunication. A.isplaying B.haveplayed C.areplaying D.play31.Thoughsmall,theantisasmuchacreatureas_______allotheranimalsonearth. A.are B.is C.do D.have32.Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthat_______notfullyunderstood. A.are B.were C.is D.was33.Everybodyinourcountry,menandwomen,oldandyoung,________sportsandgames. A.arefondof B.enjoys C.goinfor D.takepartin34.Thereare_______flowersshownintheparkand________peoplegotohavealook. A.varietiesof;various B.aplentyof;many C.various;manya D.quiteafew;quitealittle35.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories_________tobebuilthere. A.is B.are C.was D.were36.Theengineerandworkerreferredto____________todesignsomething. A.begoing B.aregoing C.belikely D.isgoing37.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_______ofdesert_________coveredtheland. A.number;has B.quantity;has C.number;have D.quantity;have38.—Theeducationsystemratherthantheteachers_____toanswerfortheoverburdenonthestudents.—Iagree.Ihopethereformbeingcarriedoutinourcountrywillhangaboutthe_______results.A.me;desired B.is;desired C.are;desiring D.is;desiring39.HisSelectedPoems________firstpublishedin1986. A.were B.was C.hasbeen D.is40.Writingstoriesandarticles________whatsheenjoysmost. A.is B.havebeen C.was D.were41.Eachofthestudentsinourclass______greatinterestinEnglishandtheyeach______acopyofANewEnglish-ChineseDictionary. A.shows;have B.have;has C.is;have D.takes;has42.Thefactory,includingitsmachinesandbuildings,________burntlastnight. A.is B.are C.were D.was43.TheWhitefamily_______verylarge.Allthefamily_______animallovers. A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;are44.Largequantitiesoffruit________allovertheworldfromChinatoday. A.isshipped B.areshipped C.hasShippedD.haveshipped45.Inourcountryeachboyandeachgirl_______therighttoreceiveagoodeducation. A.is B.are C.has D.have【答案解析】1．C。“this/thepairof+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数；glasses，trousers，clothes等复数名词作主语，谓语动词则用复数。2．B。Therebe句型中，主语不止一个时，遵循“就近一致”的原则，即谓语与邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致。3．A。表示国家，组织、单位的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。4．C。不定代词all作主语，指人时，谓语动词常用复数；指物时，谓语动词常用单数。5．A。“therestof+名词”作主语，谓语动词的数与中心名词保持一致，这里which指代thebook．故用is。6．D。thetrouble/problemwith...意为“由……带来的问题；……存在的问题”。题中：thetrouble为主语部分的中心词。7．B。manya(许多)+单数可数名词或morethanone(不止一个)+单数可数名词作主语时，常遵循“语法一致”的原则，即主语是单数，谓语也用单数。8．A。此处improvement是不可数名词。9．A。当and连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子作主语且表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。10．A。police，people，cattle等表示“总称”的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。11．B。Paul既是我的朋友还是我的同学，主语指的是一个人，故谓语动词用单数，且根据题意，此处需用一般现在时态的主动语态。12．C。the+形容词/-ing形式/过去分词(表示—类人或事物)做主语时，谓语动词常用复数，但表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词常用单数。题中thebeautifulisnotalwaystheuseful意为“好看的不一定总是有用的”。13