上海交通大学英语水平考试2006年考研真题及解析

上海交通大学英语水平考试2006年考研真题及解析上海交通大学英语水平考试2006年考研真题及解析Ⅰ.MultipleChoice:(30points)Eachofthefollowingsentencesdemandsonewordforitscompletion.Youtaskistopickfromthefourchoicesawordthatyouthinkmayfitintheblankinthesentence.Writetheletterthatcorrespondstoyourchoiceintheanswerbooklet.Whenthefirebrokeout,thepeoplelosttheir________andraninalldirections.Manypeoplelosttheirlifewhentheyranawayfromthefire.A.heartsB.headsC.mindsD.souls2.Igotajobassalesmanatthecorporation.ThereareafewthingsthatIdon’tlikeaboutthejob,but________it’sveryenjoyable.A.aboveallB.asusualC.byandlargeD.bynomeans3.Inthepreface________mybook,Iexpressmysinceregratitudetoalltheteachersandfriendswhohavebeenofhelptomeduringmythreeyear’slifeintheuniversity.A.onB.forC.toD.in4.Whentheyoungmanrealizedthatthepolicehadspottedhim,hemade________theexitasquicklyaspossible,onlytofindthattwopolicemenwerewaitingoutside.A.offB.fromC.towardD.for5.Bobwastoldthatthemostimportantconsiderationwiththestrategiesofproductpromotioniscarefully________therisksandbenefits,andtheirfeasibilityaswell.A.WeighingB.stimulatingC.evaluatingD.formulating6.Somewomenwouldliketogoshoppingatweekendssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful________inthemarket,andtheyusuallyspendacoupleofhoursinshopping.A.securitiesB.bargainsC.disposalsD.bonds7.TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportant________forhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.A.implicationB.complicationC.innovationD.complexities8.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflabor-savingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshuman________andabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves-goalsthatposearealchallenge.A.interactionB.supervisionC.availabilityD.disposition9.Unemploymentisacategorythatcomprisesalargevarietyofworkers,includingsomefarmers,constructionworkers,housepainters,andotherswhoseworkmaybeseasonalor_______becauseofweather.A.sporadicB.spontaneousC.exponentialD.ephemeral10.Catherine’smotherwas________illlastsummer,butfortunately,shewasmakingaslowbutsteadyrecoveryafteranoperationwasdoneonherlung.A.definitelyB.definitivelyC.criticallyD.fatally11.Asawayof________domesticharmonyandcreatingamanageableroutine,somecouplechooseoneofthethreedifferentstylesofhouseholdroledivision:usedinabondedformwithmaterialssuchascement,________loosefiberswerelesslikelytoentertheair.A.inorderthatB.ratherthanC.sothatD.otherthan25.________ofourpersonalrhythms,mostofushaveaproductiveperiodbetween10aA.IrrespectiveB.IrrelevantC.DisregardingD.Despite26.Bynaturallyrewardingthoseproducersthatexcel,excellenceisactivelyencouragedandthosethatinefficientlyproducegoodsorservicesnotvaluedare_________.A.eliminatedB.dischargedC.spoiltD.destroyed27.Asarule,what’sefficientinoneplacewillbeefficientinmostotherplaces,thusAmericanbusinessesarefiercecompetitors________theychoosetoselltheirproduct,havingbeenformedinacompetitiveenvironmentthatbreedsoptimality.A.whateverB.wheneverC.whereverD.however28.TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,________isoftenthecasewithpeopleinmanyothercountries.A.asB.suchC.soD.what29.Newresearchraisesnewconcernsthatalteringcropstowithstandsuchthreatsmayposenewrisks---from________theweedsthemselves.A.anythingbutB.otherthanC.morethanD.noneotherthan30.Oneofthemost________challengesthattheUnitedStates---andindeed,theworld---willfaceinthenextfewdecadesishowtoalleviatethegrowingstressthathumanactivitiesareplacingontheenvironment.A.consequentialB.subsequentC.emergentD.pressing参考答案及解析MultipleChoice:(30points)Bloseone’shead不知所措。Loseheart丧失勇气，失去信心。Loseone’shearttosth.迷恋；十分喜爱（某事物）。Loseone’smind不能自制，精神错乱。Losesoul搭配错误。Cbyandlarge大体上，基本上。aboveall最重要，首先。asusual照常。Bynomeans决不。Cprefacetoabook书的序言。Dmakeforsth.朝······移动，冲向。Makeoff匆匆离开，逃走，不及物动词词组。Makefrom由……制造。5.A这里指“权衡风险和收益以及可行性”。weight权衡以便抉择。evaluate指为查明事情的本质而进行的大量判断与分析。stimulate刺激，激励。formulate阐明。6.Bbargain此处指廉价物品。7.A句意最高法院关于医生协助病人自杀问题的决定，涉及到医生是否该为病人减轻痛苦的重要议题。implication牵连，涉及。complication复杂，趋于复杂。8.Bsupervision监督，管理。Interaction互相影响。Availability可用性，实用性。Disposition部署，性情，脾气。9.Asporadic时有时无的。Spontaneous自发的。Exponential指数的。Ephemeral生命短暂的。10.Ccritically危急地（尤指病人身体状况）；批评地。Definitely明确地。Definitively决定性地。Fatally致死地。11.Afosterharmony,形成和谐环境。Foster抚育，培养。Confer协商，赠与。Breeding饲养，教养。Establish建立，设立，使定居。12.Cvirtually近乎，几乎，事实上。Fantastically空想的。Primarily首先，主要地；根本上。13.Cgrave形势严峻的。Intense通常指由内在倾向而来的力量或专心，它特别适合于用来描述感情状态，如intensepleasure/dislike/loyalty。Intensive更常用于指行为的强度或程度是由外部强加的，如intensivebombing/training/marketing。Solemn庄严地，郑重地。14.Dcontrolover控制.15.Bthinkbetterof重新考虑决定不做，认真考虑；较高评价。16.Clayaside搁置；放弃。Layaway贮存。解雇；。Layoff停止雇用。Layout摆开，布置。17.C句意：非正式面试不能很好地预测面试者将来的工作表现。时间状语从句，whenever指代duringtheinterview。18.Dlikewise同样地，也。这里指警员认为“警察快速反应机制将会带来巨大收益，公众也这样认为”。19.Aapplyto对······也适用；将······应用于。Inprinciple原则上，大致上。20.Cdominate统治，支配。Pervade（气味、感情等）弥漫，从满。Diffuse扩散，传播。Intervene干涉。21.Cwarnof警告某人关于某事。warnoff告诫（某人）离开。22.Aevacuate疏散，撤出。unearth掘出，揭露。transmit传输。alternate交替，轮流。23.Bcometo复苏，回复自觉。taketosth.开始喜欢。Seetosth.照料。Sticktosth.粘住。24.C句意：石棉在使用时，应该和水泥之类的材料凝合，这样诉疏松的纤维才不会轻易挥发到空气中。Inotherthat和sothat都可以表示目的，但含有“避免某个结果的出现”之意，则表示“促成某个目的的实现”。25．D句意：尽管生物钟各异，多数人从10点至中午都处于能产期，胃、胰腺、脾、心脏都最活跃。Despiteof尽管。Irrespective忽视的。Irrelevant不相关的。Disregard漠视的。26．B句意：生产效率或服务价值不高的员工被解雇。discharge解雇、免职。eliminate排除，消除。Spoil损坏；宠坏。27.C句意：无论选择何处作为产品销售地，美国商业都是强有力的竞争者，因为它们在竞争性强的环境下获得了最优性。Wherever引导地点状语从句。28.Dwhat指代前面整个句子，作从句的主语。29.D句意：为面对威胁而改变农作物品种，可能会引发新的风险—这风险正是来自杂草。noneotherthan不是别的，正是······。anything决不是······。30.Dpressing迫切的。consequential结果的。subsequent后来的。emergent突然出现的。V.E-CTranslation:(25points)Translatethefollowingpassage(threeparagraphs)fromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheanswerbooklet.Howappreciativeareyouofyourlotinlife?Becauseinarecentstudy,60percentoftheBritishhouseholdssurveyedagreedthat“theycannotaffordtobuyeverythingtheyreallyneed”,andthisincluded40percentofhouseholdswithanincomeof50,000poundsormore.Throughinrealpurchasingpowerweearnonaveragethreetimeswhatpeopleearnedinthefifties,thereisgoodevidencethatwerateourselvesnotonejothappier.Forsometimenow,we’vebeenworkinglongerthanisgoodforus,ofteninamisguidedattempttoacquiretheluxuriesthatwethinkwillmakelifebetter.Butthefeelingsofdissatisfactionthatdriveouroverwroughtambitionsarenotjustaboutownershipandconsumption;theyarealsoaboutpersonalattributes.Forinstance,ontheonehandmanyparentsandschoolsexceptevermoreAgradesfromtheirteenagers,whilemediamessagesexertpressureonthosesamestudentstoexcelinphysicalattractiveness,sportingprowessandsparkingcharacter.Suchinflatedandoftenincompatiblegoalsmayhelptoexplainwhyeatingdisorders,depressionandalcoholismhaveallrisendramaticallysincetheFifties,aspeopleofallagesfeelanythingbetweenshamedandangryaboutnothavingliveduptoexpectations—theirorsomeoneelse’s.Sohowcanwetemperourappetitetoconsume,andenjoywhatwehaveinstead?FredBryantandJosephVeroffofLoyolaUniversityinCaliforniasuggestwelearntosavormoreexpertly,thatis,tobetterappreciatewhoweareandwhatwehave,ratherlikewhenwecloseoureyestorelishthetasteofsomething,insteadofteeingupthenextmouthful.VI.C-ETranslation:(25points)TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglishversionintheanswerbooklet.我冒了严寒，回到相隔二千余年的故乡去，时候既然是深冬；渐近故乡时，天气又阴晦了，冷风吹进船舱中，从蓬隙向外一望，在苍黄的天底下，远近横着几个萧索的荒村，没有一点活气，我的心禁不住悲凉起来了。啊!这不是我二十年来时时记得的故乡？我所记得的故乡全部如此。我的故乡好多了。但要我记起他的美丽，说出他的佳处来，却没有影象，没有言辞了。仿佛也就是如此。于是我自己解释说：故乡本也如此，—虽没有进步，也未必有如我所感的悲凉，这只是我自己心情的改变罢了，因为我这次回乡，本没有什么好心情。我这次是专为了别他而来的。我们多年聚族而居的老屋，已经共同卖给别姓了，交屋的期限，只在本年，所以必须赶在正月初一以前，永别了熟识的老屋，而且远离了熟识的故乡，搬到我在谋食的异地去。V．E-CTranslation:(25points)你对自己的命运有几分感激呢？最近一项研究表明，60%被调查的英国家庭认为“他们不能支付他们正真需要的所有东西”，而这些家庭里面40%的收入有五万英镑或者更高。虽然我们的平均购买力是五十年代的人们的三倍，但是事实充分证明我们并没有认为自己更快乐一些。现在，我们工作的时间更长，这对我们并不好。我们经常被一种思想所误导：认为得到一些奢侈品会让生活变得好一些。这种不满足感总是驱使着我们的雄心壮志而让我们疲于奔命，但是，它不仅只表现在占有和消费方面，还有个人的品质。比如说，一方面很多家长和学校都希望孩子可以得更多A，而各种媒体信息又施压要求这些学生要形体优美、擅长运动和朝气蓬勃。这些夸大的、矛盾的目标也许就是为什么自五十年代以来进食失调、压抑、酗酒等现象迅速增长的原因，因为各个年龄段的人都因为辜负了自己的抑或他人的期望而感到又羞又恼。那么，我们如何才能缓和自己的消费欲望，好好享受我们所拥有的呢？加利福尼亚州罗耀拉大学的FredBryant和JosephVeroff建议我们应该学会好好品味，也就是说，要更好地欣赏我们自己和我们所拥有的，就如我们要闭上双眼来细品而不是急忙地又吃一大口。翻译答案VI.E-CTranslation:(25points)Bravingthebittercold,ItraveledmorethansevenhundredmilesbacktotheoldhometownIhadlefttwentyyearsago.Itwaslatewinter.Aswedrewneartomyformerhometown,thedaybecameovercastandacoldwindblewintothecabinofourboat.Whileallonecouldseethroughthechinksinourbambooawningwereaf