中考英语直接引语与间接引语专题辅导

直接引语与间接引语直接引语：一字不改的引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分即为直接引语。一般前后用引号，首字母大写。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分即为间接引语。通常以宾语从句的形式出现，不用引号。直接引语变为间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、连接词、语序以及时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。人称变化直接引语是第一人称变为间接引语时，一般要变为与主句主语相一致的人称；第二人称变为与主句的间接宾语相一致的人称（如果没有间接宾语，可根据上下文的体会确定一个人称）；第三人称一般不改变。例如Hetoldme，＂I’llgiveyouabookwhenImeetyouagain.＂—Hetoldmehewouldgivemeabookwhenhemetmeagain.时态的变化如果主句是过去式态，变为间接引语时应向前推一个时态。即一般现在时---一般过去式，现在进行时---过去进行时，现在完成时---过去完成时，一般过去时---过去完成时，过去进行时---过去完成进行时，一般将来时---过去将来时等。例如Shewondered:＂Whenwillthemeetingbegin.＂—Shewonderedwhenthemeetingwouldbegin.但在以下几种情况下，间接引语的时态不用变化。1、当直接引语表示的是客观真理或经常性的特点时。例如Shesaid,＂Theearthgoesaroundthesun＂.--Shesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.2、当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间作状语时，保持原来的一般过去时。例如Hesaid,＂Ilefthomein1942.—Hesaidhelefthomein1942.注：间接引语中的谓语动词有时需要适当的调整。Say后的直接引语表示陈述或命令时可变为ask;say后的直接引语表示请求或询问时可变为ask.例如Theteachersaidtome,＂Ihaveseenyourbook..＂—Theteachertoldmethatshehadseenmybook.三、连接词的选择1、陈述句陈述句转化为间接引语时用that引导，也可省略that。主句动词主要为say,tell,reply,explain,think,repeat等。例如Dannysaid，＂IcomefromCanada.＂—DannysaidthathecamefromCanada疑问句直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序。主句的动词常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等。1)、一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句时变为间接引语须用if或whether引导。例如Sheaskedme,＂Isheateacher?＂—Sheaskedmeif/whetherhewasateacher.2}、选择疑问句或反意疑问直接引语是选择疑问句需用or;反意疑问句需用ornot变为间接引语时要用whether而不用if.例如Mybrotheraskedme,＂IsTomtallorshort?＂—MybrotheraskedmewhetherTomwastallorshort.＂Youarereading,aren’tyou＂hesaidtome.—HeaskedmewhetherIwasreadingornot.3)、特殊疑问句当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，常变成与疑问句同形的连接词引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序，问号变句号。例如＂Whatdoyouwanttoeat?＂heaskedme.—HeaskedmewhatIwantedtoeat.3、祈使句直接引语是祈使句变为间接引语时，要用不定式表示，使其成为ask/tell/ordersb(not)todosth句型。例如＂Don’topenthedoor.＂hesaidtoher.—Heaskedhernottoopenthedoor.4、感叹句感叹句变为间接引语时可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。例如Hesaid，＂Whatalovelydayitis!＂—Hesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.—Hesaidhowlovelythatdayitwas.—Hesaidthatitwasalovelyday.四、语序的变化当直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序，即连接词+主语+动词的形式。例如＂Whereareyougoing?＂heaskedme.—HeaskedmewhereIwasgoing.但当直接引语中特殊疑问词作主语时，语序不变。例如Heasked,“Whoisyourbrother.”－Heaskedwhowasmybrother.五、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。now—thentoday—thatdayyesterday—thedaybeforelastmight—thenightbeforetwodaysago—twodaysbeforenextweek—thenextweektomorrow—thenextdaythedayaftertomorrow—intwodayshere—therethis—thatthese—thosecome—gobring—take例如Hesaid,＂Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.＂—Hesaidhehaddonehishomeworkthedaybefore.巩固练习：1、Heasked，＂Isthedooropenorclosed.＂Heasked___________________________________.2、Shesaid,＂Ihaveleftmycoatinyourroom.＂Shesaid___________________________________________.3、Shesaid,＂Iwrotetomyfriendsyesrerday.＂Shesaid_______________________________________________________..4、Motheraskedme,＂Whenwillyoubebacknexttime.＂Motheraskedme________________________________________.5、Theteachertoldthestudents,＂Theearthisround.＂Theteachertoldthestudents_________________________.6、TheguardsaidtoLenin,＂Pleaseshowmeyourpass.＂TheguardaskedLenin_________________________.7、Dannysaid,＂Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow,LingMing?＂DannyaskedLiMing_____________________________________________________.8、Hesaid,＂Mysisterwasheretwodaysago,butsheisnotherenow＂Hesaid________________________________________,but_____wasnottherethen.答案：1.ifthedoorwasopenorclosed2.shehadlefthercoatinmyroom3.thatshehadwrittentoherfriendsthedaybef