初中英语之非谓语动词

)1、结构及特征:动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,语、状语和宾语补足语,所以我们又称之为非谓语形式。动词不定式仍保留动词的2、动词不定式的用法:动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.[说明]动词不定式作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,这种句型可归纳为下面的Itis+adj.+动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者,可以用for+sb.Itis+adj.+forsb.Todosth.2)作表语Mywishistobecomeateacher.3)作宾语Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.4)作宾语补足语Hetoldmetobehereontime.utthatthing6)作状语Hestoppedtohavealook.[说明]动词不定式的否定形式:not+to+动词原形构成kesuchamistake3、不定式的否定形式:Tellhimnottoshutthewindow…Tellhim___thewindow.A.toshutnot答案:B.tellsbtodosth的否定形式为tellsbnottodosth.4、动词不定式与疑问词连用:疑问词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、例如:(1)Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine.(不定式作宾语)(2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.(不定式作主语)(3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.(不定式作表语)5、省to的动词不定式e2)感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补,省略to。注意:在被动语态中则to不能省掉。A.Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.B.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.uldratherhadbetterdo【难点】6、不定式的特殊句型:Heistooexcitedtospeak.2)enoughtodo:足以做…Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.3)Whynot+动词原形"表达向某人提出建议,翻译为:"为什么不……?"Whynottakeaholiday?4)soas(not)todo:表示目的Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.dtodevoteoneselfto献身于;be/getusedto2)It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.A.forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点erestingimpossible,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy,等:It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.对他来说学两门外语是B.ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。Itsveryniceofyoutohelpme真是太好了。【说明】for与of的辨别方法:上通顺用of,不通则用for。如:Youarenice.(通顺,所以应用of)。Heishard.(人是困难的,不通。或者:Tostudytwolanguagesishardforhim。因二、动词的-ing形式:1.动词的-ing形式用作动名词:动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词原形加-ing构成,它在句中起名词的Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的运动Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜欢的运动是游seatingchocolatee[说明]有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如:admit,finish,forgivegiveup,mind,practise,begoodat,dowellin,can'thelp,keeponfeellikebeusedtolookforwardtopreferto等。)动名词作定语:动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独例如:asmilingface笑脸swimmingpool游泳池dining-car餐车2.动词的-ing形式用作现在分词:-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语,表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中:see,hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookobserveTherewefoundhimwatchingTV电视。2)Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我听见有人在敲门。1)共同点:动词不定式结构和动词的-ing形式都被称之为非谓语结构,因此它之ing表示动作正在发生或进行。构用在及物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾gtodostartdoingtodocontinuedoing4)动名词与不定式语义不同:A.stoptodostopdoingoingodorememberdoingddoingA.ofyoutodrawg[答案]:A。[解析]考查It's+形容词+of/forsb.+todosth.句中it为形式主语,todo是真正的主语,当形容词是表示品质意思时,应该用ofsb.,其他形容词用forsb.,故此题答案为A。【考例】一It'sabitcoldWouldyoumindmy______allthewindows?Doasyoulikeplease7淄博市]A.closeBwillcloseC.closingD.toclose[答案]C[解析]动词mind意为“介意”,后跟动词时,应使用ing形式。MaryandIenjoy____________badminton[07黔岭东南州]A.toplayBplayingC.played[答案]B[解析]enjoy后跟动词的ing形式作宾语,即:enjoydoingSohotintheclassroomWouldyoumindthewindows?A.notclosingBnotopeningCclosingD.opening[答案]D[解析]mind是中考的重点考查词汇,其后跟v—ing表示“介意……”。---Mr.Wang,Ihavetrouble_______thetext.一Remember____itthreetimesatleast.[威海市]A.tounderstand;readingBunderstanding;readingCunderstanding;toreadD.tounderstand;toreadatnight.[答案]C[解析]havetroubledoingsomething意为“做某事有困难”,所事”,rememberdoingsomething意为“记得做过某事”,由对话的语境可知,前者Howareyoufeelinghere--It'squitehot.Idon'tknowtogoorstay.[武汉]A.how是走还是留下来。”故选C。Manypeoplethinkit'sveryimportantuslearnEnglishwell.[贵阳]A.for,to+todosth.句中it为形式宾语,todo是真正的宾语,”故此题答案为A。A.read;writtenThemenuhassomanygoodthings!Ican’tdecide__________.[河北]A.whattoeatt[答案]:A。[解析]考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不能MydadboughtmeanewMPbutIdontknow____________.---Let’sreadtheinstructions.[河南课改试验区]A.whattouseChowtouseititCertwoweeksthenovelsbyYandHongying.[潍坊]tetakessbsometimetodosth间做某事,novel与write的关系是动宾关系,应用过去分词,表示被动。故答案为。Driversarewarned________whentheyaretired.[佛山]A.todrive[答案]:C。[解析]考查动词不定式的否定结构。否定形式是在to前面加not。故选C。Ifyouwanttoknow_______themobilephone,you’dbetterreadtheinstructionsfirst.[大连]A.howtouseend使用手机的话,你最好先看一看说明书。”故选A。inawillspendaboutbillionyuannewairportsandoldonesinthewestofChinainthe11thFive-YearPlanperiod(时期).[07临沂市]ArepairingbuildingBtobuild;repairC.building;repairingD.tosomething意为“花费……做某事”,由此可排除B、D两项。再从句意上看,应是3.studentsshouldpayattentionto___________theteacherinclass.[07泰州市]A.hearB1istentoClisteningtoDhearingof语式均可用作宾语补足语,其区别是:不定式表未来,【考例】Aliceaskedmeanotherbagforher.[北京市课标卷]A.getksbtodosth为:“爱丽丝叫我给她再带一个包。”Ourparentsoftentellusnotaloneintheriverinsummer.[长沙]A.swim表示告诉某人做某事,tell后边要加不定式,否定形式是在to前面加not,根据题意,应选B。绍兴]Whatdidyoursistersaytoyoulast绍兴]---Sheaskedme_________myfatherhersecret.[A.totellnot[答案]:B。[解析]tellsb.todosth.表示告诉某人做某事,tell后边要加不定式,否定形式是在to前面加not,根据题意,应选B。Bettyisoftenseen_______theoldmanwithhishousework.[A.helphave等使役动词和see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,feel咸宁]官动词后的复合宾语中,动词不定式不带to。当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态不定式必须加to。故选B。TimegoesbysofastWemustnevermissthechancetoshowloveforourparentsandmakethem__________howmuchtheymeantous.[滨A.toknow表示“使某人……”,故选C。HowdoyoufeelwhenyouseethenationalflagofChina?---Itmakesus________proud.[包头]A.feelhave等使役动词和see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,feel动词后的复合宾语中,动词不定式不带to。故选A。(2004江西省南昌)A.towash[答案]:A[命题立意]:本题考查动词不定式作定语的用法。试题解析]:作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时,就用主动式supermarketsomedrinks,OK?[重庆]A.buy级市场买些饮料。”rderthewordafriendlyplaceonemustshowafriendlyface.[乐山]A.makessth.表示“为了……”的意思,不定式作目的状语。故选C。一Theregoesthebell.一It'stimeforclass.Let'sstop州市]A.talkBtotalkC.talkingD.nottalk[答案]C[解析]动词stop后既可接动词不定式作宾语,即:stoptodosth,ingstopdoingsth开始)做后面的动作,后者表示停止当前的动作。由语境“铃响了,到了上课时间,应停止交基础练习】Dontforget________theletter.A.tosendThechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.A.sitnIsnecessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?A.this4.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim________here.A.tosmoke5.Mothertoldme________thewaterbeforeIdrankit.A.boiling6.Onmywayhome,Istopped_______somefood.A.buyLiYangadvisedme____toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk.A.nottodrink8.He______twomillionyuan______avaseattheauction.A.spent,buyy9.ThefirstthingIwanttodois__________.A.visittohimmsitinghimJohnwasmade______thecarforaweekasapunishment.A.towash____isonething,________isquiteanother.A.Tosay,todoythesamemistakesagainA.tonotmakeeg13.It’stoohard________itbyhimself.A.nottodo14.It’stimeforsports.Let’s______bowling,shallwe?A.gooverweight,’saidthedoctor.A.nottoeat(二)用动词的适当形式填空:hhimyoumayhurtyourselfThestudentsarebusy__(prepare)forthecomingexam.3.Hisdutyis________(save)thesickpeople.4.Ihavenothing___________(send)you.5.Theyweremade___________(work)tenhoursaday.6.Nooneknowswhat___________(do)next.提高题】I.选择题。Thedoctorcame____oureyes.A.toexamine2.Ourteacheralwaysmakesus_______hard.A.toworkourclassroomonceaweekisnecessaryA.Cleaning_____isourduty______goodservicetocustomersA.That,togive5.Ittookyears______thehighrise.A.forourbuilding6.Theirwishis_____ahouseoftheirown.A.tohave7.Theteacheragreed_____us_____thetestpapershome.A.tolet,take8.WhenhesawIwasinahurry,heoffered_______mehisbicycle.A.lending9.Idon'tlike_______people_________abouttheirneighbours.A.hear,talkingalkA.totakewhichtrainotakeYoumustremember__meaphonecallassoonasyougetthere.A.givingowntaughthisstudentsEnglishandhelearned______Chinesefromthem.A.howtospeak,speakingpeaking13.—Sorry,Iforgot_________youthatthepartywouldn'tbeheldtonight.—That'sallright.Maryhastoldmeaboutit.A.tellingIwonder______himornot.A.ifinviteoinviteCtoinviteDiftoinviteIhope______yourself.A.youtomanage16.—Wouldyoulike________youthewaythere?—It'skindofyou.Thankyou.A.meshowinghedpreferaloneinthecountryratherthanlivewithhissoninthecity.A.livingvesIknowAliceverywell.Ihaveseenher____upfromchildhood.A.growSincenobodytoldher_____,shecametoourhelp.A.whatshedido20.Myauntshowedme_____.A.howtomakeadressdressAftershefinishedtheexercisesinthetextbook,shetried______moreexercises______.A.tofind,todoshedid22.ThepolicemantoldSmith______afterdrinking.A.tonotdrive23.Tomkeptquietabouthismistake_____losehisjob.A.sonotastot24.Patshouldlove______littleJimtothetheatrethisevening.A.totaketake25.Weenjoy_verymuch,becauseitisgoodforourhealth.A.run26.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot_______.A.turnitoffoffCthatIturneditoffouldturnitoff27.Theywereverytiredandstopped_______underabigtree.A.resting28.—Wouldyoumindmetheanswertotheproblem?—Notatall.A.thatyoutellme29.Hepromised______adoctorformyson.A.metoget30.Fathertoldtheboy______thedogafewbonesafterdinner.A.thathegaveD.gave.thatmoneyforhiseducationhisparentsworkedhardevenaftertheirday'swork.A.Forgetting32.Ithinkyouare_________mealsyourself.A.enougholdtocookrcooking33.Themathsproblemis_________difficult_________.A.so,astoworkoutoutLastnightIwassotiredthatIfellasleepsoon.Ididn'thearhimin.A.comingHaveyouanythingimportant___us?A.totellus36.—DoyouknowaboutCaptainEdMitchell?202—Yes.Hewasthesixthman_____onthemoon.A.walking37.Itisniceherso.A.for,tosayIsntitaniceway__thehardproblem?A.tosolve39.You'dbetter_________heraboutherownhealthnow.A.nottotell.Whatacoincidence!DrBrownhappenedthedoctorIwaslookingfor.A.hewase.2.B3.D4.C5.C8.C9.BCBBDBDD.B18.A19.C20.A21.A22.D23.B24.A25.B26.B27.B28.B29.A30.B31.D32.B33.C34.D35.A36.C37.C38.A39.B40.C题:2001-2010上海中考真题ephonesThemeetingwillstartinaminute7)A.toturnItstimeforsportsLet's________bowling,shallwe?(2006)A.goTomlikescarsHeenjoys___modelcarsofallkinds.(2005)A.collects4.Theheavysnowstormmadethemountainclimbers________halfway.A.stopInternetbarsmustntletpeopleunderinorletanybody________badthings.(2004)A.watchMrZhuyoudbetter_____toomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight,"saiddiedoctor.A.nottoeatDontalwaysmakeMichael________thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear,"MrBushsaidtohiswife.AdoBtodoCdoesDdid8.Ifthelaunch(发射)in2005issuccessful,Chinawillbethethirdcountry________itsastronautsintospaceafterRussiaandtheUS.sendBsendsCsendingDtosend9.YesterdaymorningIgotupearly________belatefortheexam.A.inordertooedyinnkeeperoncemadethepoorherotwiceayA.dancereportonhowtoprotectwildalsA)writeB)writingC)towriteD)wrotehewomanfeelsthatsheshouldlethersonhisownecisionthistimeA)makesB)makeC)tomakeD)makingnallybecameapopularsingerafterhepracticed_________foryears.(09)A)singB)tosingC)singingD)sangtheemail10)A)writeB)towriteC)writingD)wroteeHistoryMuseumourteachertoldus_________thepublicrules.(10)A)obeyB)toobeyC)obeyingD)obeyed2007-2003年全国各省市mhotoutside.(2007南京)A.stay;playingytoplay2.—Bob,mayI________yourMP4?(2007福州)A.lend;lendrrow3.—Theregoesthebell.(2007福州)A.talk4.Aliceaskedme___anotherbagforher.(2007北京)A.getdyoumindmypetdogwhenIamoutA.takecareofeoftotakecareof6.—Whynot________musicclub?(2007重庆)Atojoinin7.—Linda,Iamverythirsty.A.buyD.buying(2007重庆)ThenewtermiscomingThestudentsarebusy_____theclassrooms.A.cleanD.cleaning(2006北京)shelikessingingsA.tosingD.sings(2006南通)10.Youaresobusy.