聚丙烯腈复合纳米纤维的制备及其对制药废水中亚甲基蓝处理

聚丙烯腈复合纳米纤维的制备及其对制药废水中亚甲基蓝处理聚丙烯腈复合纳米纤维的制备及其对制药废水中亚甲基蓝处理

摘要：本文采用静电纺丝技术制备出聚丙烯腈复合纳米纤维，并将其应用于制药废水中亚甲基蓝的处理。通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、接触角测量仪等测试手段表征了产物的形貌、结构与性能。结果表明，采用改性亲水性表面活性剂稳定剂的复合聚丙烯腈纳米纤维在纤维间有较好的交联作用，形成了稳定的三维网络结构；此外，当聚丙烯腈和改性亲水性表面活性剂稳定剂的质量比为9:1时，所得产物表现出了最佳的物理表面性质和处理水质性能。由于该产物具有大比表面积、优异的抗生物性能和良好的化学稳定性，能够更高效地去除制药废水中的亚甲基蓝，4小时后去除率可达到90%以上。本研究为实现对制药废水中有毒有害物质的高效治理提供了一种新的方法。

关键词：聚丙烯腈；复合纳米纤维；制备；亚甲基蓝；水处理

PreparationofPolyacrylonitrileCompositeNanofibersandtheirApplicationfortheTreatmentofMethyleneBlueinPharmaceuticalWastewater

Abstract:Inthisstudy,polyacrylonitrilecompositenanofiberswerepreparedbyelectrospinningtechnologyandappliedforthetreatmentofmethyleneblueinpharmaceuticalwastewater.Themorphology,structureandpropertiesoftheproductwerecharacterizedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy,infraredspectroscopy,contactanglemeasurementandothertestingmethods.Theresultsshowedthatthecompositepolyacrylonitrilenanofibersstabilizedbymodifiedhydrophilicsurfactantstabilizershadgoodcross-linkingbetweenfiberstoformastablethree-dimensionalnetworkstructure.Inaddition,whenthemassratioofpolyacrylonitriletomodifiedhydrophilicsurfactantstabilizerwas9:1,theproductshowedthebestphysicalsurfacepropertiesandwatertreatmentperformance.Duetoitslargespecificsurfacearea,excellentantibacterialpropertiesandgoodchemicalstability,theproductcanefficientlyremovemethyleneblueinpharmaceuticalwastewater,andtheremovalratecanreachmorethan90%after4hours.Thisstudyprovidesanewmethodtoachievetheefficienttreatmentoftoxicandharmfulsubstancesinpharmaceuticalwastewater.

Keywords:polyacrylonitrile;compositenanofibers;preparation;methyleneblue;watertreatmenPharmaceuticalwastewatercontainsavarietyoftoxicandharmfulsubstances,whichcancauseseriousharmtotheenvironmentandhumanhealthifnottreatedproperly.Therefore,findinganefficientmethodtoremovethesesubstanceshasbecomeanurgentissue.

Inrecentyears,nanotechnologyhasprovidedanewwaytotreatwastewaterduetoitsuniquepropertiessuchaslargespecificsurfacearea,highreactivity,andgoodchemicalstability.Inthisstudy,compositenanofibersmadeofpolyacrylonitrile(PAN)andsilvernanoparticles(AgNPs)werepreparedbyelectrospinning,andtheirperformanceinremovingmethylenebluewasinvestigated.

Theresultsshowedthatthecompositenanofibershadexcellentantibacterialpropertiesandcouldefficientlyremovemethyleneblueinpharmaceuticalwastewater.Theremovalratecouldreachmorethan90%after4hoursoftreatment.Thelargespecificsurfaceareaofthecompositenanofibersprovidedasufficientreactivesurfaceforadsorptionandchemicalreactions.TheantibacterialpropertiesofAgNPsalsoplayedaroleinpreventingbacterialgrowthinthewastewater.

Inconclusion,thecompositenanofibersmadeofPANandAgNPsareapromisingmaterialfortheefficienttreatmentoftoxicandharmfulsubstancesinpharmaceuticalwastewater.FurtherstudiesareneededtoinvestigatetheirperformanceintreatingothertypesofpollutantsandtooptimizethepreparationprocessofthecompositenanofibersOnepotentialareaforfurtherresearchoncompositenanofibersmadeofPANandAgNPsisinthetreatmentofindustrialwastewater.Manyindustries,suchasmining,metalworking,andelectronicsmanufacturing,producewastewaterthatcontainsheavymetals,organiccompounds,andotherharmfulchemicals.Thesepollutantscanhaveseriousenvironmentalandhealthimpactsiftheyarenottreatedproperly.

Thereisalreadysomeresearchindicatingthatcompositenanofiberscouldbeeffectiveintreatingindustrialwastewater.Forexample,astudypublishedinJournalofHazardousMaterialsin2019foundthatcompositenanofibersmadeofchitosanandgrapheneoxidewereeffectiveatremovingcadmiumionsfromindustrialwastewater.AnotherstudypublishedinEnvironmentalScienceandPollutionResearchin2021foundthatcompositenanofibersmadeofpolyvinylalcoholandbentonitewereeffectiveatremovingleadionsfromindustrialwastewater.

PANandAgNPscouldpotentiallybeincorporatedintocompositenanofibersmadeforthetreatmentofindustrialwastewater.TheAgNPscouldprovideantibacterialproperties,whichcanbeparticularlyimportantinindustrialwastewatertreatmentwheremicrobialgrowthcanbeaproblem.Additionally,thefiberscouldbedesignedtotargetspecificpollutantsbasedontheirchemicalproperties,allowingfortargetedtreatmentofdifferenttypesofindustrialwastewater.

Anotherpotentialareaforfurtherresearchisinthedevelopmentofnovelmethodsforpreparingcompositenanofibers.Thestudydiscussedinthisarticleusedelectrospinningtocreatethefibers,butthereareothermethodsthatcouldbeusedaswell.Forexample,someresearchershaveexploredusingmeltspinningtocreatecompositenanofibers,whichcanhavedifferentpropertiesthanfiberscreatedwithelectrospinning.Additionally,theremaybenewmethodsthathavenotyetbeenexploredthatcouldbeusedtocreatefiberswithdifferentpropertiesorthataremoreefficienttoproduce.

Overall,thestudydiscussedinthisarticledemonstratesthepotentialofcompositenanofibersmadeofPANandAgNPsforthetreatmentofpharmaceuticalwastewater.Thereispotentialforthesefiberstobeusedinthetreatmentofothertypesofwastewater,suchasindustrialwastewater.Additionally,thereispotentialforfurtherresearchintodevelopingnewmethodsforpreparingcompositenanofibersandoptimizingtheirpropertiesforspecificapplicationsInadditiontothepotentialapplicationsforcompositenanofibersinwastewatertreatment,therearealsoopportunitiesforfurtherresearchanddevelopmentinthefieldofnanotechnology.Forinstance,researchersmayexploretheuseofothertypesofnanoparticles(suchascopper,zinc,ortitaniumdioxide)incompositenanofiberstoaugmenttheirantimicrobialproperties.

Anotherdirectionforresearchcouldbeinexploringtheuseofalternativematerialsforproducingnanofibers.WhilePANisacommonmaterialusedintheproductionofnanofibers,thereareotherpolymersthatcouldpotentiallybeusedinstead,eachwithitsownuniquepropertiesandapplications.

Itisalsopossibletoinvestigatenewmethodsforproducingcompositenanofibersthataremoreenergy-efficientorcost-effective.Forinstance,researcherscouldexploretheuseofelectrospinning,atechniquethatusesanelectricfieldtoproducefinefibersfromapolymersolution,ormeltblowing,atechniquethatusesahigh-temperatureairstreamtoproducefibersfromapolymerresin.

Furthermore,incorporatingcompositenanofibersintoothermaterialssuchastextilesormembranescouldleadtoadvancedfunctionalmaterialswithuniquepropertiessuchasincreasedstrength,durability,andantimicrobialactivity.

Finally,thereisaneedforfurtherresearchintothepotentialrisksassociatedwiththeuseofnanoparticlesintheseapplications,particularlyintermsoftheirpotentialimpactonhumanhealthandtheenvironment.Researchersshouldcontinuetostudythelong-termeffectsofexposuretonanoparticlesanddevelopprotocolsforsafeandresponsibleuse.

Overall,whilecompositenanofibersmadeofPANandAgNPsshowgreatpotentialf