2019届高考英语(人教版)一轮复习必修一unit-2-English-around-the-world单元知识点学案

基础知识默写(学生用书227～228页)1．officialadj.官方的；正式的；公务的2．voyagen．航行；航海3．nativeadj.本国的；本地的n．本国人；本地人4．actuallyadv.事实上；实际上5．basevt.以……为根据n．基部；基础；基地basicadj.基础的basisn．基础；基部；基准6．gradualadj.逐渐的；逐步的7．vocabularyn．词汇；词汇量；词表8．latteradj.较后的；(两者中)后者的；后半的n．后者formeradj.以前的n．前者9．commandn．&vt.命令；指令；掌握commandingadj.威严的；指挥的10．requestn．&vt.请求；要求11．expressionn．词语；表示；表达；表情expressvt.表示；表达n．快车；速递12．recognizevt.辨认出；承认；公认recognitionn．识别；承认；赞誉13．accentn．口音；腔调；重音14．lightningn．闪电15．straightadv.直接；挺直adj.直的；笔直的；正直的16．elevatorn．电梯；升降机17．petroln．<英>汽油18．apartmentn．<美>公寓住宅；单元住宅19．spellingn．拼写；拼法20．enrichvt.使富裕；充实；改善21．frequentadj.频繁的；常见的22．lorryn．<英>卡车23．blockn．街区；块；木块；石块24．identityn．本身；本体；身份identifyv．确认；识别25．fluentadj.流利的；流畅的fluencyn．流利；流畅26．morethan超过；非常；不只是；不仅是27．becauseof由于；因为28．comeup走近；上来；被提出29．base...on/upon以……为基础/根据30．atpresent目前；现在31．makeuseof利用；使用32．suchas例如……；像这种的33．leavefor动身去34．believeitornot信不信由你35．playapart(in)扮演一个角色；参与36．Today，morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst，secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.如今说英语的人比以往更多了，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。37．NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。38．ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。39．Believeitornot，thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。40．Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio，thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.这是因为在早期的收音机时代，对新闻播音员的要求是讲一口极好的英语。基础知识夯实Ⅰ.语境填词1．Imadefriendswiththenatives(当地人)，andtheirreactionamazedme.(2016·浙江)2．Oneafternoon，Igrewboredandactually(实际上)fellasleepforafewminutes.3．Lastweeksomecityofficials(官员)suggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.(2017·全国Ⅲ)4．Theshipwillstartitsmaidenvoyage(航行)nextMonday.5．Ifyoulearnjustonemorenewwordeachday，inthenextyearyouwillincreaseyourvocabulary(词汇)bymorethan300words.6．Thepoliceaskedhimtoshowhisidentity(身份)card.7．Asyouknow，bambooalwaysstandsstraight(挺直)，soitrepresents“noble”and“strong­willed”．8．IfeltextremelyexcitedonhearingthatyouhadwonthefirstprizeintheChinesecharacterspelling(spell)contestheldbyCCTV1.9．Rightnowyou’reinamorecommanding(command)positionthanyouhavebeenforages.10．Ifyoureadfrequently(frequent)，you’lllikelyhaveaneasiertimewithrememberingwhatyou’rereading.11．Althoughthereisstillalongwaytogo，webelievethatthedoctor­patientrelationshipinChinaisgradually(gradual)improving.(2018·北京西城区模拟)12．Foronething，Ihavedevelopedfluency(fluent)inspokenEnglish.(2018·浙江)13．Itisgenerallythoughtthattravelingabroadcanenrich(rich)one’sknowledge.14．“Idon’tunderstand，”hesaid，withanexpression(express)ofcompletesurpriseonhisface.15．Whenhereturnedtohishometownafterthewar，hefoundithadchangedbeyondallrecognition(recognize)．Ⅱ.选词成篇eq\x(suchas，makeuseof，playapartin，atpresent)1．Atpresent，developingtheabilityofthestudentsisanimportanttaskinourdailyteachingactivity.Whenwedealwiththeunitofaplay，wealwaysaskthestudentsto2.playapartinit.Weinstructthemto3.makeuseofeverythingaroundthem,4.suchasastick，acurtain，andsoon.eq\x(morethan，becauseof，leavefor，comeup，believeitornot，evenif)5．Believeitornot,6.becauseofmyhardworkanddiligence，IamadmittedintoBeijingUniversitythisyear.Iam7.morethanhappyhearingtheexcitingnews.Inthreedays，Iwill8.leaveforBeijingtostartmycollegelifeonmyown,9.evenifIhaveneverlivedalone.IeupunexpectedlybutIthinkIcandealwiththem.Ⅲ.完成句子1．Ifeltthatitwouldbeavictoryforusevenifwelostthegame.(evenif)(2018·天津)我觉得即使我们输掉了比赛，这对我们来说也是一场胜利。2．Everythingcomeswithaprice；thereisnosuchthingasafreelunchintheworld.(nosuchthingas...)任何事情都是要付出代价的，在这个世界上并没有免费的午餐。3．ImadesuchgreatprogressinEnglishthatmyteacherpraisedmesayingthatIwasmorediligentthanclever.(more...than)我的英语取得了很大进步，老师表扬了我，说与其说我聪明倒不如说我勤奋。4．Hewassenttohospital.Thatwasbecausehewasill.(Thatwasbecause...)他被送到了医院，那是因为他生病了。1．en前后缀构成的动词(1)enrichv．使富裕；充实(2)enlargev．扩大；使增大(3)encouragev．鼓励(4)sharpenv．削尖；使锐利(5)strengthenv．加强；使变强2．“旅行”家族(1)voyage航行；航海(2)tour(观光)旅行(3)travel旅行(4)trip(短途)旅行；外出(5)journey(长途)旅行(6)outing远足3．“因为，由于”短语速递(1)becauseof因为；由于(2)dueto由于(3)owingto由于(4)thanksto多亏；由于(5)asaresultof因为(6)onaccountof因为4．“动词＋for”意为“动身去”的短语(1)leavefor动身去(2)headfor走向；朝……进发(3)makefor前往；走向(4)startfor动身去(5)setout/offfor动身去basevt.以……为据点(或总部等)；以……为根据n．基部；基地；基础(1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……；以……为根据bebasedon/upon以……为根据(基础)(2)basisn．原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础onthebasisof在……的基础上(3)basicadj.基本的；基础的(1)Basing(base)animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason，youwillregretitsoonerorlater.(2)Based(base)ontheratings，Iboughtmybelovedbackpack，sawinterestingfilmsandtasteddeliciousfoods.(2018·江苏)(3)Don’tevaluateapersononthebasisofappearance.(根据相貌；basis)[句式升级](4)Therestaurantisbasedontrust，anditisworkingallright.(用形容词短语作状语改写)Basedontrust，therestaurantisworkingallright.separatev．把……分开；分隔adj.分开的；单独的；独立的(1)separateAfromB把A和B分开o...把……分成……(2)separationn．分开；分离；分居(1)LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain，theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchickens.(2018·全国Ⅰ)去年冬天，当我再次去那里的时候，他们有一个很大的独立房屋来饲养许多鸡。(2)Iseparatedthegoodapplesfromthebadonesandshedividedthebestintohalves.我把好苹果和坏苹果分开，然后她把最好的分成了两半。[熟词生义]选择句子中separate的汉语意思(3)Millie’sparentsseparatedwhenshewasfiveyearsold.CA．分类B．区分C．(夫妻或伴侣)分居commandv．命令；博得；拥有；指挥n．命令；掌握；运用能力(1)commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事commandthat...(should)do...命令……(2)atone’scommand听某人支配takecommandof指挥；控制haveagoodcommandof掌握……；精通……incommandof掌管；掌握(3)commandingadj.指挥的；威严的(1)Iamhereatthepresident’scommand.(2)Thevoiceattheotherendofthelinewasseriousandcommanding(command)．(3)AlthoughhehasagoodcommandofEnglish(精通英语)，hesometimesfeelsithardtofindanappropriateversionforsomeChineseidioms.[同义句改写](4)Hecommandedthatwe(should)set(set)offatonce.→Hecommandedustosetoffatonce.[熟词生义]选择句子中command的汉语意思A．俯瞰B．博得；得到C．命令(5)Hecommandstherespectofeveryonewhoworksforhim.B(6)Thehotelcommandsafineviewofthevalley.Aeq\x(requestvt.&n.要求；请求)(1)requestsb.todosth.请求某人做某事Itisrequestedthat...(should)do...要求……(2)atone’srequest(＝attherequestofsb.)应某人的要求(3)byrequest应邀(1)Therequestisthatmanuscripts(手稿)(should)bewritten(write)ononesideonly.(2)Hewastransferredtoanotherdepartmentatherrequest/attherequestofher(应她的要求)．(3)[同义句改写]Allmembersarerequestedtobepresentattheparty.→Itisrequestedthatallmembers(should)bepresentattheparty.易错点拨(1)动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为“(should＋)动词原形”。(2)request后不能直接跟不定式，即不能说requesttodo...。recognizev．认识；辨认出；意识到；承认，认可；赏识，表彰；向……打招呼(1)recognize...as/tobe...把……看作……Itisrecognizedthat...人们公认……(2)recognitionn．认出；认识beyondrecognition认不出来(1)Forexample，shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizing(recognize)theeffortsofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.(2)Ihaven’tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl，andshehaschangedbeyondrecognition(recognize)．(3)[一句多译]我们都认为屠呦呦是位伟大的科学家。①WeallrecognizeTuYouyouas/tobeagreatscientist.②ItisrecognizedthatTuYouyouisagreatscientist.eq\x(comeup走近；上来；发生；出现；被提出；发芽；升起)comeupwith提出；想出comeacross偶然遇见；发现；穿过comeabout发生comeout出来；出版，发行[写出下列句子中comeup的汉语意思](1)Thesnowdrops(雪花莲)arejustbeginningtocomeup.长出地面；发芽(2)Wewatchedthesuncomeup.(太阳)升起(3)I’mafraidsomethingurgenthascomeup；Iwon’tbeabletoseeyoutonight.发生；出现(4)Theproblemofgettingnewuniformscameupatthemeeting.被提出；被讨论[完成句子](5)Icameacrossthisoldphotographwhenlookingforabookyesterday.我昨天找书的时候，偶然发现了这张早年的照片。(6)我们班提出了更好地利用旧材料的想法。(2016·北京)Ourclasscameupwiththeideatomakebetteruseofusedmaterials.易错点拨comeup被提出，不及物，主语常是计划、建议、问题等；comeupwith提出，及物，主语是人或团体组织。eq\x(makeuseof利用；使用)(1)makefull/gooduseof充分/好好利用makethebest/mostof充分利用(2)comeintouse开始使用bring/put...touse加以使用……beofuse有用It/Thereisnousedoing...做……没用。(1)Yourtimeshouldbemadefulluseoftoexercise(exercise)．你应该充分利用时间锻炼身体。(2)Ithinkthisisthebestusethatwecanmakeofthemoney.我认为这是我们对这笔钱能做的最好的利用。(3)Thisoldmachineisuseless(use)；we’lltrytogetridofit./Thisoldmachineisofnouse；we’lltrytogetridofit.这部旧机器没用了，我们将想法把它处理掉。(4)Mymotheralwaystoldusitisnousecrying(cry)overspiltmilk.母亲总是告诉我们为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。易错点拨在对makeuseof考查时，常把名词use提前使用被动语态；把名词提前用作先行词，其后接定语从句。eq\x(playapartin扮演一个角色；参与)playarolein在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色takepartin参加(1)Therearemanyreasonsforanimalsdyingout，butthemostimportantoneisthepartthat/whichhumanshaveplayed.动物绝种的原因很多，但是最重要的原因是人类所起的作用。(2)Someofuswereconfidentandeagertotakepartintheclassactivity；otherswerenervousandanxious.(2018·全国Ⅲ)我们中的一些人充满信心，渴望参加这个