tpo35只有阅读解析reading passage3答案版

TPO35ReadingThesurfaceof→ThesurfaceofMarsshowsawiderangeofgeologicfeatures,includinghugeverylargevolcanoesarefoundontheTharsisbulge,anenormousgeologicareanearMars’sequator.NorthwestofTharsisisthelargestvolcanoofall:OlympusMons,withaheightof25kilometersandmeasuringsome700kilometersindiameteratitsbase.ThethreelargevolcanoesontheTharsisbulgearealittlesmaller—a“mere”18kilometershigh.Q29Theword“enormous”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningExtremelyHighly正确答案 ontheTharsisbulge,anenormousgeologicareanearMars’sequator.”从句型结构Tharsisbulgethreeverylargevolcanoes来推断，TharsisbulgeBenormousverylargeinsizeorty=extremelylarge，巨大的。extremelylarge,特别巨大的；highlyunusual,高度罕见的；active，活跃的。希望考生考试之前尽量掌握这些Q30Accordingtoparagraph1,OlympusMonsdiffersfromvolcanoesontheTharsisbulgeinthatOlympusMonsHasmorecomplexgeologicShowslessimpactIsWasformedatalaterParagraph1ismarkedwithanarrow正确答案:OM(OlympusMon)Tb(Tharsisbulge)上的火山区OlympusMons,withaheightof25andmeasuringsome700kilometersindiameteratitsbaseThethreelargevolcanoesontheTharsisbulgearealittlesmaller—amere”18kilometershigh.”很容易看出二者高度是不同的，25km>18km，所以选C。→NoneofthesevolcanoeswasformedasaresultofcollisionsbetweentesoftheMartiancrust—thereisnotemotiononMars.Instead,theyareshield—volcanoeswithbroad,sloslidesformedbymoltenrock.AllfourshowdistinctivelavachannelsandotherflowfeaturessimilartothosefoundonshieldvolcanoesonEarth.ImagesoftheMartiansurfacerevealmanyhundredsofvolcanoes.MostofthelargestvolcanoesareassociatedwiththeTharsisbulge,butmanysmalleronesarefoundinthenorthernins.Q31Theword“distinctive”inthepassageisclosestinmeaning正确答案 解析：回到原文题干找到词汇出现的句子,“AllfourshowdistinctivelavachannelsandotherflowfeaturessimilartothosefoundonshieldvolcanoesonEarth.”这句话allfour,show,lavachannelsandflowfeatures.lavachannelsdistinctiveflowfeaturessimilartothose…distinctive和similar应该是对比的关系，similar是“相似的”，那么找和distinctive的近义distinctive,”deep,complex，复杂的；ancient,古老的。希望考生考试之前尽量掌握这些词汇。Q32Accordingtoparagraphs1and2,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheshieldvolcanoesontheTharsisbulge?Theyhavebroad,sloTheyaresmallerthanthelargestvolcanoonTheyhavechannelsthatresemblethelavachannelsofvolcanoesonTheyareover25kilometersParagraph1and2aremarkedwithanarrow1、2段中找到，所以需要逐一排除筛选出答案。A22句话bulgearealittlesmaller(thanthelargestvolcanoonMars)”;C在第二段中的对应在”lavachannelsandotherflowfeaturessimilartothosefoundonshieldvolcanoesonEarth”,resemblebesimilarwith.DD明显错误，可以直接定位第一段最后一句话，“ThethreelargevolcanoesontheTharsisbulgea"mere"18kilometershigh”来反驳。→ThegreatheightofMartianvolcanoesisadirectconsequenceofthenet’slowsurfacegravity.Aslavaflowsandspreadstoformashieldvolcano,thevolcano’seventualheightdependsonthenewmountain’sabilitytosupportitsownweight.Thelowerthegravity,thelessertheweightandthegreatertheheightofthemountain.ItisnoaccidentthatMaxwellMonsonVenusandtheHawaiianshieldvolcanoesonEarthrisetoaboutthesameheight(about10kilometers)abovetheirrespectivebases-EarthandVenushavesimilarsurfacegravity.Mars’ssurfacegravityisonly40percentthatofEarth,sovolcanoesriseroughly2.5timesashigh.AretheMartianshieldvolcanoesstillactive?Scientistshavenodirectevidenceforrecentorongoingeruptions,butifthesevolcanoeswereactiveasrecentlyas100millionyearsago(anestimateofthetimeoflasteruptionbasedontheextentofimpactcrateringontheirslopes),someofthemmaystillbeatleastintermittentlyactive.Millionsofyears,though,maypass.Q33Theword“roughly”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningDA选项迷惑。“theHawaiianshieldvolcanoesonEarthrisetoaboutthesameheight(about10kilometers)abovetheirrespectivebases-EarthandVenushavesimilarsurfacegravity.Mars’ssurfacegravityisonly40percentthatofEarth,sovolcanoesriseroughly2.5timesashigh.”about10km,roughly2.5timesashigh,这两处高度的对比是相呼应的，roughly对应about,选D，approximay“大约，近似。Typically,惯常地；frequently,频繁地；actually，实际上地。希望考生考试之前尽量掌握这些Q34Inparagraph3,whydoestheauthorcompareMaxwellMonsonVenustotheHawaiianshieldvolcanoesonEarth?TohelpexintherelationshipbetweensurfacegravityandvolcanoToexinwhyMars’ssurfacegravityisonly40percentofTopointoutdifferencesbetweenthesurfacegravityofEarthandthesurfacegravityofVenusToarguethattherearemoresimilaritiesthandifferencesbetweenvolcanoesondifferentnetsParagraph3ismarkedwithanarrow解析：作者用MaxwellMonsHawaiianshieldvolcanoes做对比明显是一个论lowerthegravitythelessertheweightandthegreatertheheightofthemountain.ItisnoaccidentthatMaxwellMonsonVenusandtheHawaiianshieldvolcanoesonEarthrisetoaboutthesameheight(about10kilometers)abovetheirrespectivebases-EarthandVenushavesimilarsurfacegravity.”也就是说这句话是为了举例说明gravity和weight,height的关系。所以选A。ThegreatheightofMartianvolcanoesisadirectconsequenceofthenet’slowsurfacegravity.Aslavaflowsandspreadstoformashieldvolcano,thevolcano’seventualheightdependsonthenewmountain’sabilitytosupportitsownweight.Thelowerthegravity,thelessertheweightandthegreatertheheightofthemountain.ItisnoaccidentthatMaxwellMonsonVenusandtheHawaiianshieldvolcanoesonEarthrisetoaboutthesameheight(about10kilometers)abovetheirrespectivebases-EarthandVenushavesimilarsurfacegravity.Mars’ssurfacegravityisonly40percentthatofEarth,sovolcanoesriseroughly2.5timesashigh.AretheMartianshieldvolcanoesstillactive?Scientistshavenodirectevidenceforrecentorongoingeruptions,butifthesevolcanoeswereactiveasrecentlyas100millionyearsago(anestimateofthetimeoflasteruptionbasedontheextentofimpactcrateringontheirslopes),someofthemmaystillbeatleastintermittentlyactive.Millionsofyears,though,maypassbetweeneruptions.Q35Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.Althoughdirectevidenceofrecenteruptionsislacking,scientistsbelievethatthesevolcanoeswereactiveasrecentlyas100millionyearsago.Scientistsestimatethatvolcanoesactivemorerecentlythan100yearsagowillstillhaveextensiveimpactcrateringontheirslopes.If,assomeevidencesuggests,thesevolcanoeseruptedasrecentlyas100millionyearsago,theymaycontinuetobeintermittentlyactive.Althoughthesevolcanoeswereactiveasrecentlyas100millionyearsago,thereisnodirectevidenceofrecentorongoingeruptions.正确答案：逻辑关系原句前后是转折关系先说科学家们没有证明这些火山最近是火山就还是活跃的。所以符合此句同义改写的是C。→AnotherprominentfeatureofMars’ssurfaceiscratering.TheMarinerspacecraftfoundthatthesurfaceofMars,aswellasthatofitstwomoons,ispittedwithimpactcratersformedbymeteoroidsfallinginfromspace.AsonourMoon,thesmallercratersareoftenfilledwithsurfacematter—mostlydust—confirmingthatMarsisadrydesertworld.However,Martiancratersgetfilledinconsiderablyfasterthantheirlunarcounterparts.OntheMoon,ancientcraterslessthan100metersacross(correspondingtodepthsofabout20meters)havebeenoblited,primarilybymeteoriticerosion.OnMars,therearerelativelyfewcraterslessthan5kilometersindiameter.TheMartianatmosphereisanefficienterosiveagent,withMartianwindstransportingdustfromcetoceanderasingsurfacefeaturesmuchfasterthanmeteoriticimpactsalonecanoblitethem.Q36Theword“considerably”inthepassageisclosestinmeaning的释义选项。“AsonourMoon,thesmallercratersareoftenfilledwithsurfacematter—mostlydust—confirmingthatMarsisadrydesertworld.However,Martiancratersgetfilled

fasterthantheirlunarcounterparts.”折词however而决定了句间的转折关系上句说的是月球上的crater都是表面的沙子填充，使月球表面有沙漠的地貌；下句说火星上的crater的填充物要比月球上的crater填充地 Considerably本身的意思是“非常；很；相当多地”，明显在此文中是”非常，很”的意思；clearly，清楚地；surprisingly,令人惊讶地。希望考生考试之前尽量掌握Q37Accordingtoparagraph4,whatisdemonstratedbythefactthatcratersfillinmuchfasteronMarsthanontheMoon?ErosionfrommeteoriticimpactstakescemorequicklyonMarsthanontheThereismoredustonMarsthanontheThesurfaceofMarsisadryWindisapowerfulerodingonMars.Paragraph4ismarkedwitharrows[→].解析：题干：demonstratedbythefact即弹坑在火星上能更快填满，相比在月亮上，这个事实说明了什么？定位原文第四段最后一句话，”TheMartianatmosphereisanefficienterosiveagent,withMartianwindstransportingdustfromcetandrasingsurfacefeatrshfasterttriticitalonecanoblitethem.”所以”填充快”的决定性因素是风，选D。Q38Inparagraph4,whydoestheauthorpointoutthatMarshasfewancientcratersthatarelessthan5kilometersindiameter?ToexinwhyscientistsbelievethatthesurfacematterfillingMartiancratersismostlydustToexinwhyscientistsbelievethattheimpactcratersonMarswerecreatedbyTosupporttheclaimthattheMartianatmosphereisanefficienterosiveToarguethatMarsexperiencedfewerancientimpactsthantheMoondidParagraph4ismarkedwitharrows[→].正确答案：OnMars,therearerelativelyfewcraterslessthan5kilometersindiameter.”此句话阐述的是火星上的一种现象，下“TheMartianatmosphereisanefficienterosiveagent,withMartianwindstransportingdustfromcetoceanderasingsurfacefeature…”，直接选出C选项。→AsontheMoon,theextentoflargeimpactcratering(i.e.craterstoobigtohavebeenfilledinbyerosionsincetheywereformed)servesasanageindicatorfortheMartiansurface.AgeestimatesrangingfromfourbillionyearsforMars’ssouthernhighlandstoafewhundredmillionyearsintheyoungestvolcanicareaswereobtainedinthisway.Q39Accordingtoparagraph5,whathavescientistsbeenabletodeterminefromstudiesoflargeimpactcrateringonMars?SomeMartianvolcanoesaremucholderthanwasonceTheageofMars’ssurfacecanvaryfromareatoLargeimpactcratersarenotreliableindicatorsofageinareaswithhighvolcanicSomeareasoftheMartiansurfaceappeartobeolderthantheyactuallyare.Paragraph5ismarkedwitharrows[→].第五段的首句就已经开门见山的说了theextentoflargeimpactcratering是ageindicatorfortheMartiansurface，即其可以帮助判断M表面的。然后下句有补充了“AgeestimatesrangingfromfourbillionyearsforMars’ssouthernhighlandstoafewhundredmillionyearsintheyoungestvolcanicareaswereobtainedinthisway.”科学家们根据largeimpactcratering得到了这些不同M表面有少有老的结论，所以选B。→ThedetailedappearanceofMartianimpactcratersprovidesanimportantpieceofinformationaboutconditionsjustbelowthenet’ssurface.Martiancratersaresurroundedbyejecta(debrisformedasaresultofanimpact)thatlooksquitedifferentfromitslunarcounterparts.AcomparisonoftheCopernicuscraterontheMoonwiththe(fairlytypical)craterYutyonMarsdemonstratesthedifferences.Theejectasurroundingthelunarcraterisjustwhatonewouldexpectfromanexplosionejectingalargevolumeofdust,soil,andboulders.However,theejectaonMarsgivesthedistinctimpressionofaliquidthathassshedorflowedoutofcrater.Geologiststhinkthatthisfluidizedejectacraterindicatesthatalayerofpermafrost,orwaterice,liesjustafewmetersunderthesurface.Explosiveimpactsheatedandliquefiedtheice,resultinginthefluidappearanceoftheejecta.Q40Accordingtoparagraph6,theejectaofMars’scraterYutydiffersfromtheejectaoftheMoon’sCopernicuscraterinthattheejectaoftheYutycraterHas epartofapermafrostContainsalargevolumeofdust,soilandSuggeststhatliquidoncecameoutofthesurfaceatthecraterWasthrownacomparativelylongdistancefromthecenterofthecraterParagraph6ismarkedwitharrows[→].解析题干是找火星上的craterYuty和月亮上的craterCopernicus的不同。回到原文，找到描写两者不同的句子是“Theejectasurroundingthelunarcraterisjustwhatonewouldexpectfromanexplosionejectingalargevolumeofdust,soil,andboulders.However,theejectaonMarsgivesthedistinctimpressionofaliquidthathass shedorflowedoutofcrater.”句子之间用however建立了转折关系，重点看however后面：aliquidthathass shedorflowedoutofthecrater.选C。Q41.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassageThissurfacefeaturehasledtospeculationaboutwhatmaylieunderMars’ssurface.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?Clickonasquare[■]toaddthesentencetothe→ThedetailedappearanceofMartianimpactcratersprovidesanimportantpieceofinformationaboutconditionsjustbelowthenet’ssurface.Martiancratersarefromitslunarcounterparts.AcomparisonoftheCopernicuscraterontheMoonwiththe(fairlytypical)craterYutyonMarsdemonstratesthedifferences.Theejectasurroundingthelunarcraterisjustwhatonewouldexpectfromanexplosionejectingalargevolumeofdust,soil,andboulders.1■However,theejectaonarsgivesthedistinctimpressionofaliquidthathassshedorflowedoutofcrater.2■Geologiststhinkthatthisfluidi