20182019学年高中英语Module5TheConquestoftheUniverseSectionⅠ

Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．leapA．宇宙探测器，航天探测器2．jointB．航天飞机3．probeC．收看(电视)；收听(广播)4．accustomedD．假定，假定5．shuttleE．高级的，先进的6．historicF．爆炸7．tuneG．耐心8．witnessH．目击，亲眼看见；亲自经历9．assumeI．共同的；联合的10．patienceJ．历史性的，有重要历史意义的11．advancedK．习惯的12．burstL．飞腾，跳跃答案：1～6LIAKBJ7～12CHDGEFⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Shehasmastered2,000Englishwordssofar.到当前为止2．Thebussloweddownforthenextstop.减速3．Wehavebeengoodfriendseversincewewereveryyoung.自从；自此后4．TheymadeaplanforEnglishstudyattheverybeginningofthisterm.在一开始的时候5．WhenItoldthemthetruth,theywereallinshock;theycouldn'tbelieveit.处于震撼中6．MadameCurieandherhusbandcontinuedtoworkinspiteofallthediscomforts.不论7．ThisisthefirsttimeIhaveleftmycountryandsetfootonforeignsoil.踏上8．Ithoughthewouldbetoooldtogettothetopofthemountain,buthemadeitatlast.做成，成功9．Mostparentsarenotwellawareofthedangeroftheirbabies'eatingjelly,whichcausesmostunfortunateincidentstohappen.意识到10．Afterlivingthereforoneyear,theyhavebeenaccustomedtoworkingthere.习惯于Lookatthefollowingpicturesandtrytodescribethem.①②③④参照答案：①AmericanNeilArmstrongisthefirstmantosetfootonthemoon.RussianYuriGagarinisthefirstmaninspace.YangLiweiisthefirstChineseastronaut.LiuYangisthefirstChinesewomanastronaut..Fast-readingSkimthetextandmatcheachpartwithitsmainidea.Challenger.①Part1A．ThewriterwitnessedtheexplorationofthePart2B．Humanexploringtheuniverse.答案：①～②BA.Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．WhywerepeopleNOTenthusiasticaboutthespacetravelprogrammeafterthefirstmoonlanding?A．Itwasmeaningless.B．Itusedspaceshuttles.C．ItcosttheUSAalotofmoney.D．Therewerefewerspacetravelers.2．Whichofthefollowingmarkedthebeginningofanewspacetravel?A．The'sspacetravel.ColumbiaB．TheViking1'sspacetravel.C．TheApollo11'sspacetravel.D．TheChallenger'sspacetravel.3．FromPart2inthetext,wecaninferthat________.A．wehaveachievedgreatsuccessinspacetravelB．westillhavealongwaytogoinspaceexplorationC．peoplearenotinterestedinspacetravelD．spacetravelshouldnotincludeordinarypeople答案：1～3CAB.Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．AllthreeastronautsmadeitsafelybacktoEarth,usingaspaceshipcomputerthatwasmuchlesspowerfulthantheonesusedbytheaverageschoolstudentstoday.[句式剖析]本句是一个复合句。主句是AllthreeastronautsmadeitsafelybacktoEarth;usingaspaceshipcomputer...是此刻分词短语作状语，aspaceshipcomputer后边是that指引的定语从句，此中usedbytheaverageschoolstudentstoday是过去分词短语作定语，修饰theones。[试试翻译]三位宇航员安全返回地球，他们当年使用的宇宙飞船计算机远不及此刻普通学生使用的计算机功能强盛。2．WhenIheard,afewweekslater,thatthebodiesoftheastronautsandeventheteacher'slessonplanshadbeenfoundatthebottomoftheocean,Iwasnotsosureitwasworthitatall.[句式剖析][试试翻译]几周以后，当我听闻那几位宇航员的遗体以及那位老师的教学设计在大洋底部被找到的时候，我不再一定这全部能否值得。[对应学生课下能力提高

(十七)]阅读理解ANASA'sNewHorizonsprobeflewbyPluto(冥王星)thismorning,sendingbackhistory'sfirstup-closelooksatthevastfreezing-coldworld.Closestapproachcameat7：49a．m.EDT.Tocelebrate,NASAgaveoutthelatestphotoofPluto.Itshowedareddishworldwithanamazingheart-shapedfeatureonitssurface.Aftertoday'scloseencounter,alltheninesolarsystem'straditionallyrecognizedplanetshavenowbeenvisitedbyaspaceship—ahugeprojectbegunin1962whenNASA'sMariner2probeflewpastVenus,aplanetinthesolarsystem.Morethan1,200scientists,NASAguestsandimportantpersons,including200reporters,watchedtheflybyliveatNewHorizons'missioncontrolcenter.Thatcloseencounterhasbeenalongtimecoming.The$723millionNewHorizonsmissionwaslaunchedinJanuary2006butbegantakingshapein1989.“NewHorizonsis‘acapstonemission’，”GlenFountain,missionprojectmanagertoldS.“Itisthefirstcompletionoftheobservationsofoursolarsystem.It'sgivingusanewideaabouthowwehumanbeingsfitintotheuniverse.”NewHorizons“facedacrazynumberofchallenges”.Stern,adrivingforcebehindNewHorizonssaid,“Somanypeoplestuckwiththisforsolong.Theygotknockeddown;theystoodup.Theygotknockeddownagain;theystoodupagain.”Inacoincidence,today'scloseapproachfallsonthe50thanniversaryofthefirstflybyofMars,anotherplanet,whichwascompletedbyNASA'sMariner4spaceship.Therearenolongernineofficiallyrecognizedplanets,ofcourse.TheInternationalAstronomicalUnionregardedPlutoas“adwarfplanet”in2006inadecisionthatremainscontroversial(有争议的)today.语篇解读：NASA新视线号探测器飞掠冥王星令人类第一次看到了冥王星的清楚照片。1．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．IdeasstillvaryintheidentityofPluto.B．Onlyscientistscouldwatchtheflybylive.C．Marsisthefirstplanetvisitedbyaspaceship.D．NewHorizonsmissionaimedtoobservethesolarsystem.分析：选A细节理解题。依据最后一段中的“TheInternationalAstronomicalUnionregardedPlutoas‘adwarfplanet’in2006inadecisionthatremainscontroversial(有争议的)today”可知，A项正确。应选A。2．GlenFountainmayprobablyagreethat________.A．itisthemostdifficulttolandonPlutointhesolarsystemB．NewHorizonsmissionisalongandtroublesomeprojectC．theirstrongdeterminationleadstothesuccessfulflybyD．peoplearelikelytofindnewwaystofitintospace分析：选D推理判断题。依据第三段中的“Itisthefirstcompletionoftheobservationsofoursolarsystem.It'sgivingusanewideaabouthowwehumanbeingsfitintotheuniverse”可知，新视线号探测器从冥王星邻近飞过，这是第一次达成对太阳系的探测观察，它给了我们一个对于人类应怎样融入宇宙的新想法。由此可推知，人们可能会找寻新的方法以融入宇宙。应选D。3．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ANewHorizonsProbeB．NASA'sHugeProjectC．Pluto,aControversialPlanetD．ACloseApproachtoPluto分析：选D标题概括题。NASA新视线号探测器飞掠冥王星，这是历史上第一次近距离地察看冥王星，是人类历史上的打破。故“近距离地接触冥王星”作标题最正确。应选D。BGiantkitescouldsupplygreenenergywithouttheneedfortaxpayer-fundedsubsidies(津贴)withinyears.KitePowerSolutionsexpectstoopentheU．K.'sfirstkitepowerplantinMarch2017inScotland.Ithopestorolloutthetechnologyonshoreandatsea,buildingsystemswiththecapacitytoproduce“hundredsofmegawatts”ofpowerwithinthedecade.Thecompanybelievesthetechnologycouldreducethecostofwindenergy.Anditpredictedthatkitepowerwouldcostsolittlethatdevelopingcountrieswouldbemorelikelytouseittofreethemselvesoffpollutingcarbon-heavyenergysources.AspokesmanAinsworthforKitePowerSolutionssaidthetechnologycoulddecreasethecostofoffshorewindenergy,meetingtheneedforgovernments'effortstoreducecarbonemissions.Hesaidthetechnologywaseasytofixandmaintain,meaningitcouldbeusedindeepwater,onfloatingstructuresfarfromshore.“Ifwedothat,itopensupaglobaldeepwateroffshorewindmarket，”hesaid.ThetechnologycouldcontrolrisingCO2emissionsinthedevelopingworld,wheretheneedtosavemoneyforcespeopletoresorttopollutingtechnologiessuchasdiesel.ThecompanyhastestedthetechnologyonasmallscaleinEssexandwillmoveitsheadquarterstoGlasgowtopreparefornextyear'slaunch.Ithaswonplanningpermissionfora500KWdemonstrationsystem.TheU．K.'sgreenenergytradebody,RenewableU.K.,welcomedthetechnologybutwarneditwasnota_silver_bullet.ThedeputychiefexecutiveMafSmithsaid，“Thisisanambitiousprojecttodevelopwindpoweratextraordinaryheightsanditshowsthelevelofnewideaswithintherenewableindustry.Kitepowerisatanearlystageofdevelopmentanditwilltaketimetoseehowthetechnologyprogresses.Anyway,wewillneedawiderangeofenergysourcesinthefuturetomeetourneedsinanenvironmentallyfriendlyway.”语篇解读：本文主要介绍了风筝发电这项新技术的优势，即成本低、易于安装和保护等，但有人提出相反看法。因此依赖风筝发电技术解决我们的能源需求问题仍有很长的路要走。4．Whatisthemostimportantadvantageofkitepower?A．Itslowcosts.B．Itshighqualities.C．Itsgreatusefulness.D．Itswideusingareas.分析：选A细节理解题。依据文章第一段最后两句“Thecompanybelievesthetechnologycouldreducethecostofwindenergy.Anditpredictedthatkitepowerwouldcostsolittlethat...”可知，风筝发电最重要的长处是成本低。应选A项。5．IntheeyesofAinsworth,hiscompany'stechnology________.A．willsolvetheproblemofairpollutionB．canbeconvenientandpowerfultouseC．willchangehowpeopleexploretheoceanD．candealwiththeshortageofwaterworldwide分析：选B推理判断题。依据文章第二段中的“Hesaidthetechnologywaseasytofixandmaintain,meaningitcouldbeusedindeepwater,onfloatingstructuresfarfromshore.‘Ifwedothat,itopensupaglobaldeepwateroffshorewindmarket，’hesaid.”可知，这项技术易于安装和保护，假如真的那么做，这会开辟出一个新市场。由此可知，安斯沃思认为这项技术便于使用且效能很高。应选B项。6．Theunderlinedphrase“asilverbullet”probablymeansthatusingthistechnologytomeetourneedsisnot________.A．scientificB．complicatedC．simpleD．traditional分析：选C词义猜想题。依据文章最后一段中的“welcomedthetechnology”可知，英国可重生能源协会表示欢迎这项新技术，but表转折，再联合该组织的副首席履行官玛夫·史密斯所说的话“Kitepowerisatanearlystageofdevelopmentanditwilltaketimetoseehowthetechnologyprogresses.”可知，风筝发电尚处于初期，看到这项技术怎样进展还需很长一段时间。由此可推断，wasnotasilverbullet在此表示要想运用这项技术解决我们对能源的需求问题其实不是一件简单的事情。应选C项。7．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toargueforcleanerenergies.B．Toinformanewwaytogetenergy.C．Toadvertiseagreatenergycompany.D．Tocomparedifferentenergyresources.分析：选B写作目的题。本文主要介绍了风筝发电技术的优势、发展及远景等，其目的主假如向读者介绍一种获得能源的新方式。应选B项。C240BC:Greekastronomer,geographer,mathematicianandlibrarianEratosthenesworkedouttheEarth'scircumference(thedistancearoundit).Hisdatawasrough,buthewasn'tfaroff.Eratostheneswasanall-aroundman.SomepeoplethencalledhimPentathalos,achampionofmanyskills.HisrichknowledgemadehimanaturalforthepostoflibrarianofthelibraryofAlexandria,Egypt,thegreatestrepositoryofclassicalknowledge.Eratosthenesknewthatatnoononthedayofthesummersolstice,thesunwasobservedtobedirectlyoverheadatSyene(modern-dayAswan):Youcouldseeitfromthebottomofadeepwell,andasundial(日晷)leftnoshadow.Yet,tothenorthatAlexandria,asundialleftashadowevenatthesolsticemidday,becausethesunwasnotdirectlyoverheadthere.Therefore,theEarthmustberound—alreadyfirmlybelievedbytheastronomersofhisday.What'smore,ifonesupposedthesuntobefarawayenoughtobesendingparallel(平行的)raysatSyeneandAlexandria,itwouldbepossibletofigureouttheEarth'scircumference.Ofcourse,hismeasurementswereslightlyoff.Andwedon'tknowtodaytheexactsizeofthemeasurementunitEratostheneswasusingwhenhecameupwiththefinalfigureof252,000stades.Sohowbigis252,000stades?It'ssomewherebetween24,663and27,967miles.Theacceptedfigureforcircumferencetodayis24,902miles.Prettygoodforaguywithoutmodernmeasurementtools.theyearas3651/4days.EratostheneswentfurtherandworkedouttheextensionofHesuggestedthatcalendarsshouldhavealeapdayeveryfourthyear,anideatakenuptwocenturieslaterbyJuliusCaesar.ItwasknownlongbeforeColumbusthattheEarthwasroundandevenhowbigitreasonisthatEratosthenes'ownlibraryofAlexandriahadbeendestroyed,andtherewasnocompletebackupofitsdata.语篇解读：公元前240年，希腊天文学家、地理学家、数学家以及图书管理员埃拉托色尼测出了地球的周长。固然他的数据不过近似，但也没差多少。但他的成就其实不为大部分人所知。此中一个原由是他所工作的图书室被摧毁，而他的计算数据也没有备份。8．WhydidsomepeoplecallhimPentathalos?A．Becausehewasanastronomerandmathematician.B．BecauseheworkedouttheEarth'scircumference.C．Becausehewasanexpertinmanyskills.D．Becausehehadrichknowledgeasalibrarian.分析：选C细节理解题。依据第二段可知，埃拉托色尼是个全面发展的人，当时一些人称他为“Pentathalos”，意思是“在好多技术上都是第一的人”。解答本题的重点是对Pentathalos后的同位语“achampionofmanyskills”的正确理解。故答案为C。9．Wherecouldthesunbeseenfromthebottomofadeepwellatnoon?A．AtSyene.B．AtAlexandria.C．TothenorthofAswan.D．TothenorthofAlexandria.分析：选A细节理解题。依据第三段可知，他知道在夏至的正午，西奈城(此刻的阿斯旺)的太阳处在正上方：也就是说你能够从一口深井的底部看到太阳，日晷也不会有影子。故答案为A。10．Fromthefourthparagraphwecanlearn________.A．hismeasurementsoftheEarth'scircumferencewereveryexactB．stadesarethemeasurementunitthatEratostheneswasusingC．hisfigurefortheEarth'scircumferencewas24,902milesD．heusedsomemodernmeasurementtoolstodrawaconclusion分析：选B推理判断题。依据第四段可知，我们此刻也不知道他当时用的是什么计量单位，只知道他最后得出的数字是“252,000stades”。由此可判断出“stades”是他当时使用的计量单位。共他选项与第四段内容不符合。故答案为B。11．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．EratostheneswasthemostfamousGreekastronomerinEgypt.B．EratosthenesandJuliusCaesarlivedatthesameage.C．ColumbusknewtheEarthwasroundlongbeforeEratosthenes.D．It'sapitythatEratosthenes'conclusionwasnotwidelyknownthen.分析：选D判断正误题。依据最后一段可知，埃拉托色尼早在哥伦布以前就知道了地球是圆的。但在15世纪的欧洲，他的成就其实不为大部分人所知。此中一个原由是他所工作的图书室被摧毁，而他的计算数据也没有备份。由此可判断出答案为D。[课文对译]Space:theFinalFrontierPart1EversinceNeilArmstrongfirstsetfootontheMoonbackon21stJuly,1969,peoplehavebecomeaccustomedtotheideaofspacetravel.Millionsofpeoplewatchedthatfirstmoonlandingontelevision,theirheartsintheirmouths,awareofhowdifficultanddangerousanadventureitwas,andwhatriskshadtobetaken.WithArmstrong'snowfamouswords:“That'sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind”，adreamwasachieved.AllthreeastronautsmadeitsafelybacktoEarth,usingaspaceshipcomputerthatwasmuchlesspowerfulthantheonesusedbytheaverageschoolstudentstoday.Therewereseveralmorejourneysintospaceoverthenextfewyearsbutthesinglespaceshipswereveryexpensiveastheycouldnottakeoffmorethanonce.PeoplewerenolongersoenthusiasticaboutaspacetravelprogrammethatwascostingtheUnitedStates$10millionaday.Thatwasuntilthearrivalofthespaceshuttle—aspacecraftthatcouldbeusedforseveraljourneys.ThefirstshuttleflightintospacewastheColumbia—launchedfromtheKennedySpaceCentreon12thApril,1981.Theaimofthisflightwastotestthenewshuttlesystem,togosafelyupintoorbitandtoreturntotheEarthforasafelanding.ItwasasuccessandalittlemorethanadecadeafterApollo11'shistoricvoyage,theColumbiamadeasafe,controlled,aeroplane-stylelandinginCalifornia.Thiswasthestartofanewageofspacetravel.BythetimetheChallengertookoffin1986,theworldseemedtohavelostitsfearandwonderattheamazingachievementofpeoplegoingupintospace.Butthiswasgoingtobeaspecialflightandsomillionsofpeopletunedintowitnessthetake-offonTV.Anordinaryteacher,ChristaMcAuliffe,37,whowasmarriedwithtwochildren,wastobethefirstcivilianinspace.Shewasgoingtogivetwofifteen-minutelessonsfromspace.Thefirstwastoshowthecontrolsofthespacecraftandexplainhowgravityworked.ThesecondwastodescribetheaimsoftheChallengerspaceprogramme.Christahopedtocommunicateasenseofexcitementandcreatenewinterestinthespaceprogramme.Sadly,shenevercamebacktoherclassroomagain,astheshuttleexplodedjustoveraminuteaftertakingoffinFloridaandallsevenastronautswerekilled.Theworldwasinshock—maybetheyassumedthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthangettingonanaeroplane.Buthowwrongtheywere—inonemomentexcitementandsuccessturnedintofearanddisaster.Itwastheworstspaceaccidentever.AsoneRussiansaidatthetime,“WhensomethinglikethishappensweareneitherRussiansnorAmericans.Wearejusthumanbeingswhohavethesamefeelings.”Part2Icanrememberthatdaysoclearly,watchingthetake-offonTVatschool.TherewasanordinaryteacherontheChallenger,andwewereallveryexcited.Wedidn'thavemuchpatiencewaitingforthelaunch.Wehadseenthesmilingfacesoftheastronautswavingtotheworldastheysteppedintotheshuttle.Then,littlemorethanaminuteaftertake-off,wesawastrangeredandorangelightinthesky,followedbyacloudofwhitesmoke.TheChallengerhadexplodedinmid-airandweallstartedscreaming.Ithappenedsoquicklyandeveryonewasinastateofshock.LikeeveryschoolboyIhadthough