人教版八年级英语下册Unit1知识点讲解

v1.0可编写可改正Unit1要点知识解说Grammar一、神态动词（ModalVerbs）神态动词should意为“应当，应当”，一定和后边的动词原形一同构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化。用以表达职责和义务、提出劝说，并且表述的是自己的主观见解。should的句式构造句式构造例句一定句主语+should+doTheyshouldeatabalaceddiet.他们应当均衡饮食。否认句主语+shouldnot+doTheyshouldn’teattoomuch.他们不该吃得太多。一般疑问句---Should+主语+do+---It’stoocold.ShouldI---yes,主语+should.closethewindow---No,主语+shouldn’t.太冷了，我该关上窗户吗---Yes,you______./No,you________.是的，你应当。/不，你不该当。的用法1111v1.0可编写可改正用法例句表示劝说、建议You_________answerthequestioninEnglish.你应当用英语回答这个问题。表示推断They_________beathomenow,Ithink.我以为，他们此刻应当在家。表示吃惊、赞美、不满等How_________Iknowit我怎么知道这间事情呢注意：should在以why，who，how等疑问词开头的问句中，意为“居然，居然，怎么会”，表表示外、惊喜或在说话人看来是不行思议的。二、其余表示建议的句型用法例句Shallwe/I+do+Shallwe_________forawalk我们去漫步好吗What/Howabout+doing/sthWhatabout_________swimming去游泳怎么样Let’s+doLet’s_________and_________them.我们去看看他们吧。You’d/We’dbetter(not)+doWe__________________waitalittlelonger.我们最好再稍等一会儿。Whydon’tyou+doWhydon’tyou_________awalkoutside为何不出去漫步呢Whynot+doWhy__________________awalkoutside2222v1.0可编写可改正为何不出去漫步呢三、反身代词表示反射或重申的代词叫做反身代词。反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词的宾格形式，词尾加self或selves构成。反身代词可译“自己”、“自己”，为增强语气，也常翻译为“亲自”、“自己”。不定人称代词one-----oneself.1、反身代词的分类数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfHimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2、反身代词的用法用法说明例句作动词的宾语常用于enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,Heisteaching_________Eroduce,dress,help,他在自学英语。lookafter,getdressed作宾语Weenjoyed_________lastnight.昨天夜晚我们玩得很高兴。做介词的宾语常用于in,on,with,of,after,byShelivesby_________inthe作宾语countryside.3333v1.0可编写可改正她一个人生活在乡间。做同位语重申作用、增强语气Didyoumakethecake_________这蛋糕是你亲身做的嘛Mr.Black_________isalawyer.布莱克先生自己就是一名律师。做表语重申“自己”Justbe_________.做你自己就好了。Maryhasn’tquitebeen_________recently.玛丽近来有些不对劲。单词的用法SectionA1.What’sthematter怎么了该句常用咨询某人患了何种疾病或碰到了什么麻烦，后来用with引出对象。1).What’sthematterwithsb.=what’swrongwithsb.=what’sthetrouble/problemwithsb.4444v1.0可编写可改正=what’sone’strouble/problem.What’sthematterwithTom=what’s_________withTom=What’sthe_________withTom=What’sTom’s_________2).matter,名词，“问题，事情”.Wehaveimportant_________(matter)todiscuss.我们有些重要的问题要议论。3).动词，“重要，关系重要”.Itdosen’t_________thatyoucamelate.Ihaveacold.我感冒了。1).have/get/catchacold“感冒，着凉”Theoldman_________acoldyesterday.那位老人昨天感冒了。2).“have+a/an+疾病名称”意为“得了.病”haveafever,haveacough,haveaheadache3.Ihaveasoreback.我背痛。“Ihaveasore+身体部位”意为“痛”辨析sore和achesore形容词，意为“痛苦的；酸痛的”sorefeet用于身体部位名词前sorelegsorethroat5555v1.0可编写可改正ache名词，构成复合词headache;stomachacheliedownandandrest.1).lie的不一样含义及词性变化单词词性词义此刻分词过去式过去分词lie动词躺；平躺lyinglayLainlie动词谎话lyingliedLiedlie名词谎话无无无Katy_________(lie)onthebedandreadtheletterlastnight.凯蒂昨晚躺在床上看书。He_________(lie)tomeabouttheresult.关于结果他对我说了谎。2).rest动词，“歇息，放松”Mayhimrestinpeace.have/takearest歇息，放松=restYouneedtotakebreaksawayfromthecomputer.takebreaks=take/haveabreak歇息Weare_________abreakunderthetree.我们正在树下歇息。6.Yeah，IthinkIsatinthesamewayfortoolongwithoutmoving.是的，我想我以相同的姿势一动不动地坐太久了。1).Inthesameway:以相同的方式，以相同的方式Sheworkedoutthemathprobleminthesameway.6666v1.0可编写可改正2).without为介词，意为“无，没有，不”Youcan’tbuythings_________money!你没有钱就买不了东西。Heleftwithout_________anything.他什么都没有说就走开了。7.Whenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideogtheroad.这时，司机看到路边躺着一位老人。see/watch/notice/hearsth.重申看到/听到的动作的正在进行see/watch/notice/hearsth.重申看到/听到的动作的完好性.Ioften_________him_________inthegardenlastmonth.上个月，我老是看到他在花园里干活。(重申全过程)I_________him_________inthegardenwhenIpassedbyyersterday.昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。(重申换作正在进行)Heexpectedmostorallthepassengerstogetoffandwaitforthenextbus.1).expect+名词/代词“期望；料想”Iam_________aphonecallfromher.我正在等她的电话。2).expecttodosth.Sheexpectstogotherenextweek.她希望下周去那边。3).expectsb.todosth.Heexpectedhertogowithhim.4).expect+that从句Iexpectthathe’llcomebacktomorrow.9.Buttomysurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.7777v1.0可编写可改正1).toone’ssurprise“使吃惊的是，出乎预料”________my_________(surprise),herefusedtocooperatewithus.让我吃惊的是，他拒绝与我们合作。2).agree“赞同”a.agreetodosth.“赞同做某事”b.agreewithsb.c.agreeonsth.“就某事达成一致”.Mymotheragreed_________(buy)meanewpen.Ientirelyagree_________you.Weagree_________thequestion.10.辨析thanksto/thanksforthanksto“多亏，因为”，to是介词，后来接名词、代词或doingthanksfor“因而感谢”，for后接感谢的原由，常为名词或doing形式，Thanks_________you,Iamnotlost.幸好你我才没有迷路。Thanks_________sendingmesuchanicegift.感谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼品。11.getintotrouble“造成麻烦（或烦忧）;堕入窘境”trouble是不行数名词。beintrouble“再麻烦和窘境中”.Lisa__________________troublewhensheclimedthemountain.8888v1.0可编写可改正Letushelpthepeoplewhoare_________________.Didyoufalldownfall---fell---fallenfalldown意为“倒下”，重申的是“滑倒，倒下”，不可以直接跟宾语，加from连接宾语，falldownfrom，表示“从摔下”falloff“跌落”，重申的是“从某处跌落，摔下来”=falldownfrom.Thedog_________downdead.那条狗倒下去死了。Theboy___________________________thetreeandbrokehislegs.Thegirl__________________thebike.SectionBSomeonefeltsick.Sick;患病的，恶心的。ill也是患病的，也可表示质量恶劣的辨析sick和illsick既能够作定语，也能够用作表语。表语时“恶心的”ill既能够作定语，也能够用作表语。作定语时：表示“质量恶劣的”.EverytimeIgetonaboat,Ifeel_________.Heisan_________student,becausehesmokesanddrinks.Ihavetolookaftermy_________sisterhomeathometoday.9999v1.0可编写可改正2.Someonegothitonthehead.有人头部遇到了撞击。1).gethit为系表构造：gethit+on/in+the+身体部位的名词，表示“某身体部位遇到了撞击”.Thepoliceofficer__________________ontheshoulder.这位警官的肩膀遇到了撞击。2).hit,“打击，击中”假如重申“集中某人的部位”能够用“hitsb.on/inthe+身体部位”.Thebullethithimontheback.子弹击中了他的后背。3).hit能够做名词，“惊动一时的成功的人或事；盛极一时的作品”。.Thesongwasahitatonce.3.haveproblemsbreathing1).breathe,a.动词“呼吸”.Hewasbreathinghardwhenhefinishedtherace.名词，breath，没有“e”takeadeepbreath深呼吸；holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸2).haveproblems(in)doingsth.“做某事有困难或麻烦”.Ihave__________________English.我学习英语有困难。4.辨析beusedtodoing/beusedtodo/usedtodobeusedtodoing意为“习惯于”，to是介词+名词/doingbeusedtodo意为“被用来做”to为不定式符号+do原形usedtodo意为“过去经常”，to为不定式符号+do原形.Iam_________to_________upearly.我习惯早起。Apenis_________to_________.钢笔是用来写字的。10101010v1.0可编写可改正He_________to_________booksforanhoureveryday.他过去经常每日读一个小时的书。5.find+宾语+宾补1).find宾语adj.Wefoundhimdishonest.我们发现他不诚实。2).find宾语doingWefoundhim_________others’homework.我们发现他在抄他人作业。3).find宾语副词和介词短语Iamsogladtofindyou_________.我很快乐发现你在家。Ifoundtheclothes__________________style.我发现这些衣服过时了。6.辨析runout/runoutof用尽，耗尽runout“动词+副词”构造。相当于不及物动词，后边不接宾语，主语往常是“事物”时间，金钱等runoutof“动词+副词+介词”构造。相当于及物动词，后边能够接宾语，主语往常是“人”Ourmoneyis_________out.我们的钱快用光了。Wearerunningout_________money.我们的钱快用光了。7.辨析sothat/sothatsothat“以便，为了”=inorderthat,指引目的状语从句，常与can,could,may,might,will,would,should等神态动词或助动词。so.that“这样以致于”,指引结果状语从句，so为副词，+adj/adv;that后随从句。能够与enoughtodo和tootodo进行同义句变换。.Theygotupearly__________________theycouldcatchtheearlybus.Sayslowy__________________Icanfollowyou.Tomran_________fast_________Icouldn’tcatchupwithhim.11111111v1.0可编写可改正=Tomran_________fast_________catchupwith.sothat用法。1).so+adj./adv.+that2).so+adj.+(+a/an)+n.+that3).so+many/much/few/little+.Theceilingissohighthatwecouldn’treach.天花板这样高，我们够不着。Hissonissotallamanthathealmostreachestheceiling.他儿子那么高，几乎够到天花板了。Katehadsomanyfallsthatshewasblackandblueallover.凯特摔倒了很多次，摔得身体青一款紫一块。giveup放弃1).“动词+副词”代词做宾语，代词放中间。giveit/them/him/herup2).giveupdoingit’sgoodforyoutogiveup_________.戒烟对你有利处。Ihurtmyselfplayingsoccer.playingsoccer此刻分词做陪伴状语。表示动作同时发生。其逻辑主语为句子的主语。.Istayeduplateyesterday,_________foratest.昨天我为测试熬夜学习到很晚。12121212v1.0可编写可改正13131313v1.0可编写可改正要点精确检测一、单项选择。（）1.Thepearistoobigforme.Letme______apartforyou.D.cutin（）2.Graceboughtalotofnewclothesand______allhermoney.A.runoutB.runoutofC.ranofD.ranoutof（）3.Yourtemperatureis39°C.Maybeyou______.A.haveacoldB.haveaheadacheC.haveafeverD.haveasoreback（）4.—Didyoucatchyourplane—Yes.Wegottherejust______.A.onthetimeB.attimesC.intimeD.inthetime（）5.Suecametothesmalltownfiveyearsagoandshe______herenow.A.isusedtoliveB.isusedtolivingC.usedtolivingD.usedtolive（）6.To______surprise,thefive-year-oldboycansingsomanyEnglishsongs.D.mine（）7.Emmalikesdancingandshekeepson______everyday.（）8.—Whathappened______youyesterday—Ihurtmyselfin.class.14141414v1.0可编写可改正（）9.Jimisalwayssobusy______hehaslittletimeforhisfamily.D.when（）10.—Hi,John,______—Mydog’slegishurt.’sthematterC.Who’sthatD.What’sLucylike二、用括号内所给词的适合形式填空。1.Look!Adogis______（lie）bythesideoftheroad.2.Thelittlegirlusuallyfinishesherhomeworkby______（her）antidoesn’tneedothers'help.3.WhenIcameintothelibrary,Isawhim______（read）abookthere.4.Mr.Greenagreed______（help）mewithmymath.5.Youarclateforschoolagain.Ithinkyoushould______（get）upearlytomorrow.6.Whatdoeshemean______（do）7.Didyoumakea______（decide）tostudymedicine8.Mr.Liputsomany______（knife）intohisbag.9.Mydreamistobea______（climb）oneday.10.Thelittledog's______（die）mademeverysad.三、依据首字母或汉语提示达成以下句中所缺的单词。1.Susantookhertemperatureandfoundshehadahighf______.2.Ihaveat______andIcan’teatanything.3.Youlooksotired,soyouneedtohavear______.4.Tonyusuallyplaysgameswithhisclassmatesduringtheb______betweentwoclasses.15151515v1.0可编写可改正5.Ihaveas______throatsoIcan’tsayaword.6.Weusuallywalkwithour______（脚）andseewithoureyes.7.I’mfeelingterrible.Ihavea______（胃痛）.8.Theriveristoodeep,butTomandTonytake______（冒险）ofswimmingthere.9.Alexgothurtinthecaraccidentandlostmuch______（血）.10.Kate’smotherworksinahospital.She’sa______（护士）.四、依据汉语提示达成以下句子。他下了火车，而后就回家了。He____________thetrainandthenwenthome.多亏了那位老人，我们找到了回家