2020版高考英语大一轮复习1Unit1Friendship知能演练轻松闯关(含解析)新人教版

Unit1FriendshipⅠ阅读理解A(2019·合肥高三调研性检测)GoldenGateBridgeLocatedinSanFrancisco,theGoldenGateBridgestartedintheyear1933toconnecttheSanFranciscoPeninsulawithMarinCounty.Itwasfinallythrownopentopublicin1937.Itcostmorethan$35millionintheconstruction.Tilltheyear1957,theGoldenGateBridge,

at

alengthof2，737meters,wasthelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld.BrooklynBridgeTheBrooklynBridgeislocatedinBrooklyn.ItisoneoftheoldestbridgesintheUnitedStates,openedintheyear1883.Thelengthofthebridgeis1，825meters.ThebridgehasbeenfeaturedinseveralHollywoodmovies.GeorgeWashingtonBridgeAlsoknownastheHudsonRiverBridge,theGeorgeWashingtonBridgewhichconnectsFortLeetoManhattancameintousein1931afteraconstructionperiodofalmost4years.Itisatwo-levelsuspensionbridge.MackinacBridgeThisisthethirdbiggestsuspensionbridgeintheworldatalengthof8，constructionofthebridgewhichstartedintheyear1954.Itwasopenedtothepublicin1957.Peopleusingthisbridgearechargedacertainamountofmoney.NavajoBridgeLocatedinArizona,thisbridgecrossestheColoradoRiverandisalmost250meterslong.Theconstructionofthisbridgestartedintheyear1927,endingtwoyearslater,costing$390，000.Inthe1990sasecondbridgewasbuiltwhichwasopenedtothepublicin1995.Thefirstbridgeisstillusedbypedestriansnow.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国五座有名的大桥。1．WhatdoweknowabouttheGoldenGateBridge?A．Itconsistsoftwobridges.B．Itcoststheleastofthefivebridges.C．Itisthelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld.D．Ittakesabout4yearstocompletetheconstruction.D分析：推理判断题。依据第一段中的“theGoldenGateBridgestartedintheyear1933toconnecttheSanFranciscoPeninsulawithMarinCounty.Itwasfinallythrownopentopublicin1937”可推知，金门大桥的建筑时间约有四年，故D项正确。2．Whichofthefollowingbridgeswasbuilttheearliest?A．GoldenGateBridge.B．BrooklynBridge.C．GeorgeWashingtonBridge.D．NavajoBridge.B分析：细节理解题。由题干重点词“

wasbuilttheearliest

”定位到每座大桥的建筑时间；依据文中各座大桥的建筑时间可知，

布鲁克林大桥是最古老的大桥，

故B项正确。3．WhatwillyoudoifyoudriveacrossMackinacBridge?A．Havetopaysomemoney.B．Usethesecondbridge.C．Covernearly250meters.D．SeethestatueofDr.DavidB.Steinman.A分析：细节理解题。依据第四段尾句“Peopleusingthisbridgearechargedacertainamountofmoney.”可知，使用麦基诺大桥的人会被收取必定量的钱，故A项正确。B(2019·惠州高三第一次调研考试)Followingthecrowdmaynotalwaysbeinaperson’sbestinterest.Butnewresearchsuggeststhatteenswhogetalongwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults.Scientistshaveknownthatclosefriendshipshelpboosthealth.That’strueforbothteensandadults.ThefindinginspiredJosephAllen,apsychologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andhisteamtostudywhetherexperiencesduringteenyearswouldinfluenceadulthealth.Sotheyfollowed171teens,startingwhenthekidswerejust13.Theyinterviewedeachoneeveryyearforfiveyears，andalsospoketotheseteens’closestfriends，whoprovidedadditionalinformationaboutthequalityoftheirfriendships.Thesame171peoplewereinterviewedagainatages25,26and27.Thistime,thequestionssurveyedeachperson’soverallhealth.Whentheresearchersanalyzedthedata,theyfoundastrongconnectionbetweenateen’sbehaviorandadulthealth.Teenswhohadclosefriendsgrewuptobethehealthieradults.Whetherteensheldbacktheirfeelingsorexpressedthemtoclosefriendsalsoinfluencedlaterhealth.Thosewhoheldbacktheirfeelingsweremorelikelytobesickasadults.Theconnectionheldupevenafterthescientistsaccountedforotherpossibleinfluencesonhealth.Weight，familyincomeanddrugusewereallexamined.Sowerementalhealthissues，suchasanxietyanddepression.Andinthesepeople，suchotherfactorsdidnotexplainadulthealthaswellasteenfriendshipsdid.Gettingalongwiththecrowdmayhavebenefits,saysAllen,buttherearealsodrawbacks.Teenswhoaremoreindependenttendtodobetteratschoolandwork.Andpeerpressuremayleadsomekidstoengageinriskybehavior,suchassmoking,drinkingorusingdrugs.Dealingwithitisanongoingchallenge，Allenacknowledges.“Findingtherightbalanceisthekey.Teensshouldn’tloseheartfornotfindingthiseasy.”And,headds，“Parentsneedtobeunderstandingaboutthepressuresteensface.”【解题导语】研究表示，与朋友较少或许没有朋友的青少年对比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。自然，与朋友相处也有缺点。4．Wherecanyouprobablyreadthispassage?A．Sciencefiction.B．Healthcolumn.C．Fashionmagazine.D．Entertainmentnewspaper.分析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友情对青少年景年后健康的影响。据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”。故B项正确。5．WecanlearnfromAllen’sstudythat________．A．manyotherfactorshaveagreaterinfluenceonadulthealththanteenfriendshipsB．mentalhealthissueshavenothingtodowithadulthealthC．thesame171teenswereinterviewedeachyearfrom13to27D．theteenswhocouldn’texpressthemselvesgrewuptobeunhealthierD分析：细节理解题。依据第三段中的“Whetherteensheldback...sickasadults.”可知，青少年能否向他们的好朋友表达感情也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压抑感情的青少年景年后很可能不健康。故D项正确。6．AccordingtowhatAllensaid,wecanknowthat________．A．inordertodobetteratschool,teensshouldnotfollowthecrowdB．thoughit’schallengingforteenstodealwithpeerpressure,theyshouldnotgiveupC．teenswillengageinsmoking,drinkingorusingdrugswhenfacingpeerpressureD．parentsshouldunderstandtheirteensandstopthemgoingwithfriends分析：细节理解题。依据最后一段内容可知，与朋友相处使得青少年在成年后更为健康的同时也会带来不利影响，即四周同龄人带来的压力，这些压力会致使很多问题。剖析Allen的话“Findingtherightbalanceisthekey.Teensshouldn’tloseheartfornotfindingthiseasy.”能够判断，青少年要应付这些压力，找到正确的均衡点是重点，不可以由于很难找到均衡点就心灰意冷。应选B。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Thereisnothingbadforteenstofollowthecrowd.B．ClosefriendshipsarethemostimportantforpeopleC．Teenfriendshipsmayhelpteensbecomehealthieradults.

’shealth.D．Adulthealthisonlyinfluencedbyteenfriendships.C分析：推理判断题。依据文章第一段第二句“

But

newresearch

suggests

that

teenswhogetalongwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults.

”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更为健康。C项意为“青少年时期的友情会帮助青少年景为更为健康的成年人”，切合文章意思。故C项正确。Ⅱ完形填空(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I__1__theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn’twantto__2__afewdollars?Morethanthat,I’dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t__3__enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour__4__wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which__5__Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame’s__6__.Icouldhardlywaitto__7__him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis__8__wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit__9__thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto__10__theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto__11__whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,__12__，toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat__13__andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe__14__．TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I’mstillputtingtousewhathe__15__me:“Theabsolutemostimportant__16__thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood__17__.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto__18__asituation,processwhatyouropponent(敌手)isdoingand__19__thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy__20__asajournalist.【解题导语】

本文是一篇记述文。本文叙述了我在大学时所选的课程对自己此后的职业和生活起到了很重要的作用。1．A.putforward

B．jumpedatC．triedout

D．turneddownB分析：我急不可待地接受

(jumpedat)了参加这个课程学习的想法。

putforward

“提出”；tryout

“试验”；

turndown

“关小，拒绝”。2．A.waste

B．earnC．save

D．pay分析：毕竟，谁不想节俭(save)一些钱呢？waste“浪费，花销”；earn“挣，赚得”；pay“付款”。3．A.excited

B．worriedC．moved

D．tiredA分析：即便我对免费学分不太激动

(excited)

。worried

“担忧的”；

moved“感人的”；tired

“劳苦的”。4．A.title

B．competitorC．textbook

D．instructorD分析：对于我们的讲课老师

(instructor)

的信息足够吸引我。

title

“标题，题目”；competitor

“竞争者”；

textbook

“课本”。5．A.urged

B．demandedC．held

D．meant分析：他是一位国际象棋大师，这意味(meant)着我能向象棋界最优异的人之一学习。urge“督促”；demand“要求”；hold“举行”。6．A.fastest

B．easiestC．best

D．rarest分析：拜见上题分析。fastest“最快的”；easiest“最简单的”；best“最正确的”；rarest

“最宝贵的”。7．A.interview

B．meetC．challenge

D．beatB分析：依据上文对这位国际象棋大师的描绘可知，我急不可待地想见到

(meet)

他。interview

“采访”；

challenge“挑战”；beat“打击”。8．A.chance

B．qualificationC．honor

D．jobD分析：MauriceAshleychance“时机”；qualification

是和善又聪慧的人，这份工作“资格”；honor“荣誉”。

(job)

对他来说不是游戏。9．A.real

B．perfectC．clear

D．possible分析：在他的介绍里，他清楚地(clear)说了然我们的学分是一定经过努力才能获取的。real“真的”；perfect“完满的”；possible“可能的”。10．A.attend

B．passC．skip

D．observe分析：为了经过(pass)这门课程，我们一定写一篇对于怎样把讲堂所学运用到将来职业中的文章。attend“参加”；skip“跳过”；observe“察看”。11．A.add

B．exposeC．apply

D．compare分析：拜见上题分析。add“增添”；expose“裸露，使面对”；apply“应用，运用”；compare“比较”。12．A.eventuallyB．naturallyC．directlyD．normallyA分析：而且最后(eventually)运用到我们的生活中。naturally“自然地”；directly“直接地”