水-力耦合作用下裂隙岩体渗流规律与突水机理研究

水—力耦合作用下裂隙岩体渗流规律与突水机理研究水—力耦合作用下裂隙岩体渗流规律与突水机理研究

摘要：

裂隙岩体是地下工程中最常见的岩体类型之一，裂隙水的突出是导致地下工程事故的重要原因之一。因此，研究裂隙岩体的渗流规律和突水机理，对于地下工程的安全和可靠性十分必要。本文通过对裂隙岩体渗流规律和突水机理的研究，揭示了水—力耦合作用对裂隙岩体渗流和突水的影响。

首先，通过数值模拟和理论分析，探究了温度变化和应力变化对裂隙岩体渗透性的影响。结果表明，裂隙岩体的渗透性受到温度变化和应力变化的共同影响，温度变化和应力变化都会使裂隙岩体的渗透性发生变化。其次，对裂隙岩体的渗透特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明，渗透率受裂隙埋深、渗透介质、裂隙形态和介质饱和度等因素的影响，裂隙岩体的渗透率随裂隙埋深和介质饱和度的增加而增加，随着渗透介质的粘度变大而减小，而不同形态的裂隙岩体渗透率存在很大差异。

然后，基于水—力耦合作用的理论框架，研究了裂隙岩体突水机理。结果表明，水力压力的增加会使裂隙岩体渗透率增大，从而加速突水的速度，而裂隙岩体的强度及其与岩石平行的力学性质则是控制突水的重要因素。最后，通过实例分析，验证了本文研究成果在工程应用中的可行性和有效性。

关键词：裂隙岩体；渗透性；突水机理；水—力耦合作用；地下工程

Abstract:

Fracturedrockisoneofthemostcommontypesofrockinundergroundengineering,andtheemergenceoffracturedwaterisanimportantcauseofundergroundengineeringaccidents.Therefore,itisnecessarytostudytheseepagelawandwaterrushmechanismoffracturedrockforthesafetyandreliabilityofundergroundengineering.Thispaperrevealstheinfluenceofwater-hydrauliccouplingontheseepageandwaterrushoffracturedrockbystudyingtheseepagelawandwaterrushmechanismoffracturedrock.

Firstly,throughnumericalsimulationandtheoreticalanalysis,theinfluenceoftemperatureandstresschangesonthepermeabilityoffracturedrockwasexplored.Theresultsshowthatthepermeabilityoffracturedrockisaffectedbybothtemperatureandstresschanges,andbothtemperatureandstresschangescancausechangesinthepermeabilityoffracturedrock.Secondly,thepermeabilitycharacteristicsoffracturedrockwereexperimentallystudied.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatpermeabilityisaffectedbyfactorssuchasburieddepthoffracture,permeablemedium,fracturemorphologyandmediumsaturation.Thepermeabilityoffracturedrockincreaseswiththeincreaseofburieddepthandmediumsaturation,anddecreaseswiththeincreaseoftheviscosityofpermeablemedium.Differenttypesoffracturedrockhavegreatdifferencesinpermeability.

Then,basedonthetheoreticalframeworkofwater-hydrauliccoupling,thewaterrushmechanismoffracturedrockwasstudied.Theresultsshowthattheincreaseofhydraulicpressurewillincreasethepermeabilityoffracturedrock,therebyacceleratingthespeedofwaterrush,whilethestrengthoffracturedrockanditsmechanicalpropertiesparalleltotherockareimportantfactorscontrollingwaterrush.Finally,thefeasibilityandeffectivenessoftheresearchresultsinengineeringapplicationwereverifiedbycaseanalysis.

Keywords:fracturedrock;permeability;waterrushmechanism;water-hydrauliccoupling;undergroundengineeringFracturedrockiscommonlyfoundinundergroundengineering,suchastunnelsandmines.Waterrushisacommonphenomenonthatoccursinfracturedrockandcanposeasignificantrisktoundergroundstructuresandworkers.Therefore,understandingthewaterrushmechanisminfracturedrockisimportantforsafeandefficientundergroundengineering.

Thepermeabilityoffracturedrockplaysacriticalroleinwaterrush.Hydraulicpressurecanincreasethepermeabilityoffracturedrock,whichacceleratesthespeedofwaterrush.Inaddition,thestrengthandmechanicalpropertiesoffracturedrockparalleltotherocksurfacealsoaffectwaterrush.Whenthestrengthoffracturedrockishigh,thewaterpressureneededtoinitiatewaterrushisalsohigh.Ontheotherhand,themechanicalpropertiesoffracturedrockparalleltotherocksurface,suchasstiffnessanddeformation,alsoaffectwaterrushbycontrollingtheabilityoftherocktowithstandtheresultingstresses.

Tobetterunderstandthewaterrushmechanisminfracturedrock,water-hydrauliccouplingisoftenemployed.Thisreferstotheinteractionbetweenwaterandhydraulicpressureinfracturedrock.Variousexperimentalandnumericalmethodscanbeusedtostudywater-hydrauliccouplinginfracturedrock,includinglaboratoryexperiments,fieldtests,andnumericalsimulations.

Inengineeringapplications,theresearchresultscanbeusedtoimprovethesafetyandefficiencyofundergroundengineeringprojects.Casestudieshavebeenconductedtoverifythefeasibilityandeffectivenessoftheresearchresults.Forexample,thewaterrushmechanisminatunnelinChinawasstudiedusingnumericalsimulations,andtheresultswereusedtodesignappropriatemeasurestopreventwaterrushandensuresafetyduringtunnelconstruction.

Inconclusion,understandingthewaterrushmechanisminfracturedrockiscrucialforundergroundengineeringsafetyandefficiency.Thepermeabilityoffracturedrock,aswellasitsstrengthandmechanicalproperties,playimportantrolesincontrollingwaterrush.Water-hydrauliccouplingisausefultoolforstudyingthewaterrushmechanism,andtheresearchresultscanhavepracticalapplicationsinundergroundengineeringFurthermore,itisimportanttokeepinmindthatpreventioniskeywhenitcomestowaterrushinundergroundengineering.Propersitecharacterizationandinvestigationshouldbeconductedpriortotunnelconstruction,includinggeologicalmapping,geophysicalsurveys,andhydrologicalstudies.Thisinformationcanhelpidentifypotentialzonesofhighpermeabilityandwaterflow,whichcanthenbeaddressedthroughmeasuressuchasgroutingandsealing.Additionally,monitoringsystemsshouldbeinstalledtodetectanychangesinwaterpressureorflow,whichcanindicatepotentialwaterrushhazards.

Intheeventofawaterrush,immediateactionmustbetakentoensureworkersafetyandlimitdamagetoequipmentandinfrastructure.Thismayincludehaltingconstructionactivities,evacuatingworkers,anddivertingwaterflowawayfromtheconstructionarea.Emergencyresponseplansshouldbedevelopedandcommunicatedtoallworkerspriortoconstruction,andregulardrillsshouldbeconductedtoensureeveryoneispreparedincaseofanemergency.

Insummary,waterrushisasignificantriskinundergroundengineering,particularlyinfracturedrockenvironments.Understandingthewaterrushmechanism,aswellastakingappropriatepreventivemeasuresandhavingemergencyresponseplansinplace,canhelpminimizetheriskofwaterrushincidentsandensuresafeandefficientconstructionoftunnelsandotherundergroundinfrastructuresInadditiontounderstandingthewaterrushmechanismandtakingpreventivemeasures,thereareseveralotherfactorsthatshouldbeconsideredtoensuresafeandefficientconstructionoftunnelsandotherundergroundinfrastructure.

Oneimportantfactoristheselectionofappropriateconstructionmaterials.Infracturedrockenvironments,itisimportanttousematerialsthatareresistanttoerosionandcanwithstandhighwaterpressure.Forexample,shotcretecanbeusedtoprovideaprotectivelayeronthetunnelwallandpreventerosioncausedbywaterflow.Additionally,high-strengthsteelandplasticpipescanbeusedtotransportwaterawayfromthetunnel,reducingtheriskofwaterbuildupandpressure.

Anotherimportantfactoristhedesignofthetunnelitself.Inareaswherewaterrushisarisk,itisimportanttodesignthetunnelwithadequatedrainagesystems,includingdrainagechannelsandweepholes.Thesesystemscanhelpdivertandcontrolwaterflow,reducingtheriskofwaterrushincidents.Inaddition,engineersshouldconsidertheplacementofthetunnelinrelationtolocalhydrologicalconditions,suchasthepresenceofnearbyriversoraquifers.

Finally,trainingandeducationforworkersiscrucialtoensurethateveryoneisawareoftherisksassociatedwithwaterrushandknowshowtorespondin