初一英语名词讲解及练习

名词名词分类：名词分为普通名词和专有名词普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy,house,insect,tiger等；物质名词，如air,snow,bread,rice等；抽象名词，如glory,honesty,failure,education等。专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如ChengDu,China,Obama,ChinaCentralTelevision等。名词的两大考点：数与格二、名词的数1.普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词(1)可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词△个体名词:表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如：teacher,student,boy,book,bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。

A.单数表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加a或an。

如abook（一本书）、anapple（一个苹果）、anorange（一个橘子）等。

B.复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如twopencils（两枝铅笔）、threeweeks（三周）等。集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people,family,class,furniture

复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。规则名词复数形式的构成词形复数形式的构成方法例词大多数名词在词尾加-s。（在清辅音后读[s]，在浊辅音及元音后读[z]。）cat——cats

book---booksdog----dogs

bag——bags

boy---boys以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词在词尾加-es,读作[iz]。glass——glasses

match——matches以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把y变成i,加-es,读作[iz]city——cities但专有名词例外，直接在y后加-s,读作[z]Canadian——CanadiansAmerican——Americans以辅音字母+o结尾的名词一般直接加-es,读作[z];tomato——tomatoes

potato——potatoes某些词例外,加-skilo--kilos,piano—pianos,photo——photos以元音字母+o结尾的名词直接加-s,但读作[z]zoo——zoos

radio——radios以f或fe结尾的名词有的直接加-s,读作[z]roof——roofs大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es,读作[z]leaf——leaves

wife——wives

knife—knivesyourself---yourselves不规则名词复数形式的构成复数形式的构成特点例词通过改变词内元音字母man——menfoot——feet

tooth——teethmouse——mice（老鼠）通过在词尾加-en或-renox——oxen（牛）child——children单复数形式相同asheep——twosheep

adeer——twodeer（鹿）

aChinese——twoChinese（中国人）注意事项:

只能用于复数形式的名词有:clothes,trousers,pants,shoes,socks

单数名词用于复数含义:people,public,police特殊名词的讲解：⑴people作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。二.名词的所有格所有格的构成：1.有生命的名词2.无生命的名词★有生命的名词

（1）一般单数名词后加's.

如：mybrother'sbook，Jack'scat，thegirl'spen

（2）以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加‘。

如：thegirls’dormitory，ateachers'college

注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加's.如：women'sclothes.（3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加's，

如：TomandPeter'sroom汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）

（4）如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加's.

如：Tom'sandPeter'srooms汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）★无生命名词:无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如：thewindowsoftheroom（房间的窗户）apictureofthehorse（一张马的照片）名词习题一．写出下列名词的复数形式：1.house_________2.it___________3.zoo__________4.orange_________5.bag___________6.exercise___________7.brush__________8.family___________9.bus___________10.city__________11.box___________12.baby__________13.class__________14.factory_________15.glass__________16.dictionary__________17.watch_________18.woman_________19.match__________20.man_________21.this__________22.German__________23.tomato_________24.policeman___________25.kilo__________26.human_________27.potato___________28.Chinese__________29.shelf__________30.Japanese__________31.leaf___________32.American__________33.life___________34.tooth__________35.wife___________36.foot___________37.knife__________38.sheep__________39.half___________40.child__________41.tooth__________42.mouth__________二．选择填空：1.Iwanttobuy________.A.twobottlesofinkB.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinksD.twobottlesofinks2.Theydon’thavetodo_______today.A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks3.Therearethree______andseven______inthepicture.A.cows,sheepsB.cows,sheepC.cow,sheepD.cow,sheeps4.June1is_______.A.children’sdayB.children’sDayC.Children’sDayD.Children’sday5.______roomisnexttotheirparents’.A.Kate’sandJoan’sB.Kate’sandJoanC.KateandJoan’sD.KateandJoan6.MissGreenisafriendof_______.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary7.Sheep_______whiteandmilk_______alsowhite.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are8.I’dliketohaveaglassofmilkand_______.A.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread9.Many______aresingingoverthere.A.womanB.womenC.girlD.child10.Hebought_______.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoesC.twopairsofshoeD.twopairofshoe11.Mr.Whitehasthree_______.A.childB.childrenC.childsD.childrens12.---Arethese______?---No,theyaren’t.They’re_______.A.sheep,cowsB.sheep,cowC.sheeps,cowD.sheeps,cows13.Therearemany______inthefridge.A.fishB.fruitC.eggsD.bread14.---Whoseroomisthis?---It’s_______.A.LiMingB.LiMing’sC.LiMingsD.LiMings’15.Hereare______foryou,Sue. A.potatosB.somepotatoesC.threetomatosD.sometomato16.Herearesomebirthdaycardswithourbest______forher.A.wishB.hopeC.wishesD.hopes17.Ialwaysgotothat______tobuyfoodonSunday.A.shopB.parkC.zooD.garden18.______roomisonthe5thfloor.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’sC.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s19.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme________.A.twoorangeB.twobottleoforangesC.twobottlesoforangeD.twobottlesoforanges20.10.Thecatcaughttwo______lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices21.Imetsome______intheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.A.JanpanesesB.AmericanC.ChinesesD.English22.Therearetwo______intheroom.A.shelfB.shelfsC.shelfesD.shelves23.Thereareseven______inaweek.A.yearsB.monthsC.daysD.minutes24.Myfatherisa______.Heworksinahospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.writer25.---Excuseme,areyou______?---Yes,I’mfrom________.A.Japan,JapaneseB.China,ChineseC.England,EnglishD.American,America26.Theyare______jackets.A.Lucy’sB.Lucy’27.Whatcoloris______coat.A.Peter’sB.Peter’28.Theseare______books.A.teachers’sB.teachers’29.Theyare______icecreamsA.children’B.children’s30.Thisis______bag.A.TomandPeter’B.Tom’sandPeter’s31.Whereare______.A.theschool’sstudentsB.studentsoftheschool32.Thoseare______bags.A.drivers’sB.drivers’33.Thisbagis______.A.Mary’sandTom’sB.MaryandTom’s34.______fathersarecoming.A.Mary’sandKate’sB.Mary’sandKateC.MaryandKate’s35.How____arethesebooks?A.manyB.much36.Thispairofpants______blue.Ilike_____verymuch.A.is,itB.are,themC.is,themD.are,it37.How______glassesofwaterdoyouwant?A.manyB.much38.Thisis________.A.MikeandJim'sbikeB.Mike'sandJimbikeC.Mike'sandJim'sbikeD.MikeandJimbike39.Theseare______.A.AmyandLingling’sroomB.Amy’sandLingling’sroomC.Amy’sandLingling’sroomsD.AmyandLingling’sroom40.My________bigandmy__________happy.A.familyisfamilyareB.familyisfamiliesare三．根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1.Ihavealotof______todo.(homework)

2.Thereareseven______inaweek.(day)

3.Howmany_____canyousee?(tomato)

4.MissGuoiswearingapairof_______.(glass)

5.Therearefive_________inthepicture.(child)

6.Therearetwo________overthere．（bench）

7.Iliketaking________．（photo）

8.lcanseetwo__________standingthere．（woman）

9.Therearetwobasketsof__________onthefloor．（apple）

10.Therearethree__________．（knife）11.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?12.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket.13.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.14.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle.15.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.16.Let'stake________(photo),OK?17.The________(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow.18.The________(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.19.Their________(dictionary)areverynew.20.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite________(hair).21.Theyare________(woman)doctors.22.Canyougivemesomebottlesof____(orange),please?23.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.24.Iwouldlikesomeapple________(juice).Iamverythirsty.四．将下列句子变成复数形式1．Thisisaknife.____________________________

2．Thatisatomato.____________________________

3．Shehasawish.____________________________

4．Thatchildisverylovely.________________